高中英语冠词讲解教案,高中英语冠词知识点总结

1、冠 词冠词包括定冠词the(一般表特指)和不定冠词a/an(泛指一般的普通名词)定冠词the的用法注意读音：the desk the applethe +单数名词，表示一类人或事物eg: The horse is a useful animal.the +形容词，表示一类人或事物eg: the poor the rich口语中，谈话双方都知道的特定的人或事物eg: Pass me the book, please.特指再次提及的人或事物eg: He bought a book yesterday. The book is on the desk.表示世界上独一无二的事物eg: the eart

2、h the sun the moon用在西洋乐器前（但一般不用在中国乐器前）eg: play the piano ( play erhu )用在姓氏复数前表示一对夫妇或一家人eg: the Smiths用在系数词前eg: the first the second the last用在形容词或副词的最高级前eg: the oldest the fastest the coldest注意区分下面两句话：Its the most beautiful.Its most(very) beautiful.另外当两个形容词或副词的最高级并列修饰同一名词时，后一个最高级前the可省略He is the tal

3、lest and (the) fastest in our class.用在方位词和某些表示时间的词组或习惯用语前eg: on the left/right in the east in the middle ofin the end in the morning/afternoon/eveningin the daytime on the other hand表示在世纪的某个年代eg: in the 1990s in the 1870s用在表示单位的名词前eg: by the hour/day/week/month/yearby the yard(码)/foot(英尺)Eggs are so

4、ld by the dozen.(注意比较：Eggs are sold by weight.)在某些专有名词前eg: the Summer Palace the Red Sea the New York Times the Bible用在表示身体部位的名词前eg: He gave me a pat(拍) on the shoulder.不定冠词a/an的用法注意使用：a bag an apple an hour a useful box an unusual daya/an + 单数名词，表示一类人或事物eg: A fox is a cunning(狡猾的) animal.表示一个人或事物，起

5、介绍作用eg: He is a doctor.说明事物的同一性质、特征、程度或大小 = the sameeg: The two shirts are of a size. Birds of a feather flock together.用在表示时间或度量单位的名词前，具有“每一”的意思 = pereg: 60 miles an hour 1000 yuan a month用于人名前，表示说话人对此人不认识，也可以表示与某一名人有类似性质的人或事物eg: A Mr. Smith（一个叫史密斯先生的人）came to see you this morning.He is a LeiFeng i

6、n our class.He wishes to become a Newton.零冠词的使用复数名词表示一类人或事物eg: Cows are useful animals.在表示人名、地名、国名、季节、月份、星期几以及节日的名词前eg: Tom Fujian China Spring May Sunday National Day但以festival表达的节日则要使用冠词 eg: the Spring Festival一日三餐及球类前eg: have breakfast play basketball表示学科、棋类、颜色和感官名词前eg: maths play chess White is

7、a beautiful colour. Smell is one of the five senses.称呼语或表示身份、职位、头衔的名词前eg: Good morning, boys and girls. Where is Dad, Mum? Uncle Wang President Lincoln 物质名词和抽象名词前eg: Desks are made of wood. Failure is the mother of success.与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前eg: by bike by bus by sea/land/air但如果换成其它表达就要使用冠词eg: in a boa

8、t on the bus take a taxi名词前有名词所有格、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、疑问词以及某些形容词(some/ any/ many/ much / little/ a little/ few/ a few / each/ every/ either/ another/ both/ all/ no等)作定语时eg: Whose purse is this? 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时eg: day and night pen and ink husband and wife father and son master and servant(仆人) heart and

9、soul brother and sister某些介词连接的两个相对的名词时也不用冠词eg: face to face hand in hand step by step side by side from top to bottom from beginning to end用as引导的让步状语从句，作为表语的名词提前且为单数时使用零冠词eg: Child as he is, he can answer this question.使用冠词与不使用冠词的差异eg: in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院 at school/at the school in chur

10、ch作礼拜/in the church by sea乘船/by the sea in front of/in the front of in future从今以后/in the future未来 out of question毫无疑问；没问题/out of the question不可能使用定冠词与使用不定冠词的差异 eg: the most important meeting /a most important meetingthe third time第三次/a third time第三次+又(再)一次 in the distance在远处/at a distance稍远一些for the

11、 moment目前；暂时/for a moment一会儿a number of许多/the number of的数量两个或多个名词并列使用时的差异 两个或多个名词并列使用时，若指一个人或事物，则在第一个名词前加冠词，若指两个或多个不同的人或事物，则每个名词前都要加冠词。eg: a Chinese and English dictionary一本汉英词典a Chinese and an English dictionary 一本汉语词典和一本英语词典 He is a teacher and writer. They are a teacher and a writer.附录资料：高中英语代 词知

12、识点教案定义: 为了避免重复而用来代替名词的词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自(反)身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。一、人称代词是表示我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表： 数 单数 复数 格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 Ime weus 第二人称 youyou youyou he him they them 第三人称 sheher they them it it they them 如：He is my friend.他是我的朋友。It is

13、 me.是我。人称代词的用法:人称代词主格在句中作主语、宾格在句中作宾语。如: They are playing football on the playground.Our teacher told us an interesting story.说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。说话人出于感情用he/she来代替国家、船只、动物等。(拟人)如: China is no longer what she used to

14、be.She is a fine ship.Be careful of that dog. He sometimes bites.3、 we/you/they有时用来代替一般的人如: They say that Mr. Brown is very rich.据说布郎先生很有钱。You/We should keep quiet in the library.在图书馆应保持安静。4、人称代词it的特殊用法代替小孩和婴儿如: Look at that poor little child. It has just fallen down.作形式主语或形式宾语如: It is necessary to

15、buy that dictionary. I consider it important to ask him for advice.打电话时用于指人如: Hello. It is Mary.用作主语指时间、距离、天气等如: It is five oclock. It is fine today.用在强调句型中如: It is Mary who helped you yesterday.It is a dictionary that I received yesterday.人称代词的排列顺序 1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为： 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称you he/she;it

16、- I You, he and I should return on time. 2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为： 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称weyou They注意： 在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。a. 在承认错误，承担责任时， 如：It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称， 如：I an 如：I and you try to finish it. c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时， d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可

17、叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表：数单数 复数 人称 第一第二第三 第一第二 第三人称 人称人称 人称人称 人称 形容词性物主代词myyourhis/her/its our your their/its名 词 性 物主代词mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs/its如： I like his car.我喜欢他的小汽车。Our school is here，and theirs is there. 我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。 说明：名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 如：The w

18、atch is mine(= my watch).三、 指示代词表示那个、这个、这些、那些等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。如： That is a good idea.那是个好主意。this，these表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物，that, those 表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。如： This is my desk and that is yours.They are busy preparing for the English test these days.In those days they couldnt go to school

19、.this常指后面要讲的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。如： I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. He hurt his leg yesterday. That is why he didnt come.为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提到过的名词，其后通常接of短语作定语。如： The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing. The ears of a rabbi

20、t are longer than those of a fox.说明1： 指示代词this/that在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：(对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。（ that作主语，指人） (对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。 （this作限定词） （this作限定词）(错)He is going to marry this.（this作宾语时不能指人）(对)I bought this.我买这个。 (this指物，可作宾语)说明2： That和those可作定语从句的先行词，

21、但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：(对) He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）(错) He admired that who danced well.（that作宾语时不能指人）(对) He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）(对) He admired those which looked bea

22、utiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）四、 表示 我自己、你自己、他自己、我们自己、你们自己和他们自己等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为反身代词。如： She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。 反身代词的用法:反身代词可以在句中作宾语，含有“自己”的意思，但在汉语中有时不一定要把“自己”译出来。如： He can look after himself.他能照顾他自己。They enjoyed themselves at Disneyland.他们在迪斯尼乐园玩得很开心。反身代词可以在句中作同位语，起强调作用，置于名词、代词的后面或句末，表示“自己”

23、、 “亲自”的意思。如： I myself did all the work. She opened the door herself.反身代词还可以构成某些惯用语如： (all) by oneself 独自地；一人地of oneself 自动地，自然而然地五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other(指两者之间) 和one another(指三者或三者以上之间)两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。如： They love each other.他们彼此相爱。 The three men distrusted one another.这三个人互不信任。六、 疑问代词有who，w

24、hom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）如： Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。 1） 用来构成疑问句。指人： who, whom, whose指物： what既可指人又可指物： which2） which 和 what 所指的范围不同：what所指的范围是无限 的，的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如： eg:Which teachers do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个老师？ eg: What teachers do you like best? 你

25、喜欢什么样的老师？3） what一般用来指物，指人时通常用来询问职业或身份；而 who多用来询问姓名或血缘关系等。 eg: -What is he? -He is a lawyer. -Who is he? -He is Tom/my father.七、 关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导定语从句的关联词。它们代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。如： He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。八、 没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词,常

26、用的不定代词如下: all, any, another, both, each, every, either, every, few, little, many, much, no, none, neither, one, other, some以及由 some, any, no, every 和 body, one, thing 构成的复合词。some和any的用法一般用法some, any（一些）可与复数可数名词或不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。He has some Chinese paintings.Some like sports, o

27、thers like music.Ask me if you have any questions.Do you have any questions to ask me?I dont know any of the students.特殊用法some用在单数可数名词前，表示某一You will be sorry for this some day.总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中，表示期望对方作出肯定回答，如：Would you like some bananas?Could you lend me some money?any用于肯定句表示任何的意思You m

28、ay take any of them.Any child can do that.some, any在句中还可作状语，此时它们为副词。some意为大约，相当于“about”，而any则表示程度，意为稍微、丝毫。There are some 3,000 workers working in the factory.Do you feel any better today?2、many, much many，much都意为许多， many + 可数名词，much + 不 可数名词可数名词。 How many people are there at the meeting? How much ti

29、me has we left? Many of the workers were at the meeting. Much of the time was spent on learning. 3、few, little, a few, a little (a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点few / little为否定含义，没有多少了。He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。典型例题:Although he s wealthy，he spends_ on clothes. A. little B. fewC. a little D. a few 答案： A. spend所指的是钱，不可数，只能用little或 a little. 本句为although引导的让步状语从句，由句意知后句为否定含义，因此应用little表示几乎不。 4、both, ei