亚洲巨灾保险基金-国外经验正文

1、GlossaryTAOS - The Arbiter of Storms, which is the m RMSs Regional Meteorological Serviyou are looking at now (the TAOS RTFS)MM5 Meso-scale M5, this is just the name of the mt CCRIF is usingWRF Weather Regional Forecast m巨灾保险基金概况（学术研究，现实发展简介）加勒比地区巨灾保险基金2.1.基金简介2.1.1.成立缘由（缘起于加勒比地区一次巨灾造成巨大损失，在世行下组建，出资

2、筹建）CCRIF is themulti-country risk poolhe world, and is also theinsuranceinstrument to sucsfully develop parametric policies backed by both traditional andcapital markets. It is a regional catastrophe fund for Caribbeanernments, designed tolimit the finanl impact of devasing hurricanes and earthquake

3、s by quickly providingfinanl liquidity when a policy is triggered. CCRIF operates as a public-privatepartnership, and is set up as a-profit mutual insurance entityhe Cayman Islands.The CCRIF idea was prompted by Hurricane Ivan in 2004, which caused billions of dollars of losses across the Caribbean.

4、 In both Grenada and the Cayman Islands, losses were close to 200% of the national annual GDP. Following the passage of Ivan, the CaribbeanCommunity ( critical i e members.) Heads ofernment held an emergency meeting to discussrrounding the need for the proviof catastrophe risk insurance for itsIn 20

5、07, the Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility was formed as themulti- sfullycountry risk poolhe world, and was theinsurance instrument to sucdevelop parametric policies backed by both traditional and capital markets. It wasdesigned as a regional catastrophe fund for Caribbeanernments to limi

6、t the finanlimpact of devasing hurricanes and earthquakes by quickly providing finanl liquiditywhen a policy is triggered.CCRIF was developed under the technical leadership of the World Band wigrantfrom theernment of Japan. It was capitalised through contributions to a multi-donorTrust Fund by theer

7、nment of Canada, the European Union, the World B, theand theernments of the United Kingdom and France, the Caribbean Development Bernments of Ireland and Bermuda, as well as through membership fees paid byparticipatingernments.2.1.2.成员国Sixteen Caribbeanernments are currently members of the facility:

8、 Anguilla, Antigua &Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Haiti,Jamaica, St. Kitts & Nevis, SaLu, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Trinidad & Tobago andTurks & Caicos Islands. Nicaragua is the CCRIF member.Central Americanernment toe aCCRIF is open to However,e

9、rnments only and, currently, specifically tomembers.ernments cso be considered for participation.o a segregated portfolio company (SPC) toIn 2014, the facility was restructuredfacilie expanproducts and geographic areas and is now named CCRIF SPC.The new structure, in which products are offered throu

10、gh a number of segregated portfolios, allows for total segregation of risk. In April 2015, CCRIF signed an MOU with COSEFIN - the Council of Ministers of Finance of Central America, Panama and the Dominican Republic - to enable Central American countries to formally johe facility.和其他保险公司的关系What is t

11、he relationship betn CCRIF and other insurance providershe region interms of influencing company policies provided at the national level?There is no relationship betn CCRIF and other insurance companies. CCRIF is a regionalinsurance fund for the erruption coverage fernments and it is specificallyed

12、at providing businessovernments. It is a parametric insurance instrument which isnot similar to indemnity type products which are usually offered by the traditional insurance companies. It also operates at a very different level from insurance companiesbecause the CCRIF, as indicated, is a regional

13、institution and it is specifically ernments.ed at2.1.3.目标（地区性的再保险，提供性应对巨灾冲击）CCRIF was developed to help mitigate the short-term cash flow problems small develoeconomieffer after major natural disasters. A critical challenge is often the need forshort-term liquidity to maain essentialernment serviunt

14、il additional resoure available. Although ext disaster funding from bilateral and multilateralagencies can be an important component of aernments catastrophe risk managementstrategy, over-reliance on this approach has obvious limiions.CCRIF is committed to building partnerships will stakeholdershe p

15、ursuit ofimproving management of the catastrophe risks faced by the Caribbean region through riskreduction and risk transfer. In fact, parametric catastrophe coverage is onlyay inwhich the Facility is assisting the Caribbean region toe disaster resint.CCRIFs strategic objectives are designed to enab

16、le the Facility to fulfill its misand 2.2.组织模式CCRIF SPC is registeredhe Cayman Islands and operates as a virtualanisation,supported by a network of service providers covering the areas of risk management, riskmling, captive management, reinsurance, reinsurance brokerage, asset management,technical a

17、ssistance, corporate communications and information technology.合作企业Evaluacon De Riesgos Naturales (ERN) / Risk Engineering and Design (RED), RiskManagement SpelistFor CCRIF, ERN/RED provides the serviof risk management, finanl planning,catastrophe mling and coordination of reinsurance placement. The

18、 ERN/REDconsortium team members include catastrophe and risk management spelists,catastrophe mling spelists and climate change spelists. Dr. Paolo Bazzurro is theteam leader for CCRIF.KineticKineticysis Corporation, Hazard and Risk Assessment Spelistysis Corporation (KAC) is a leaderulti-mrisk asses

19、sment and impactforecasting for extreme weather, earthquakes and other catastrophic events. Kineticysis produaccurate, site-specific assessments of the potential impact of naturalhazards and resulting loss for events around the globe. Kineticysis conducts hurricaneand earthquake hazard and risk asse

20、ssments and provides rainfall estimatest underthe catastrophe insurance products offered by CCRIF. Dr. Jan Vermeiren and Mr. StevenStichter are KACleaders for CCRIF.Sagicor Insurance ManagersSagicor Insurance Managers, Insurance Manager(SIM) is a member of the Sagicor Finanl Group, which islisted on

21、 the Barbados, Trinidad & Tobago and London Stock Exchanges. Formed originallyas Barbados Mutual in 1840, Sagicor hase the leading indigenous finanl servianisationhe Caribbean, wipresence in 21 countries across the Caribbean, theUnited Kingdom, in 41 ses of the United Ses and the District of Columbi

22、a. SIMprovides insurance management servihe Cayman Islands, and provides regulatory,accounting and corporate secretarial support to CCRIF. Paul Anderson is Sagicorsappoee to CCRIF.London & Capital, Asset ManagerLondon & Capital is a spelist asset management company. With moren 20 yearsexpertise and

23、experience, the company focuses on capital preservation and wealthmanagement. William Dalziel is London and Capital Limitedleader for CCRIF.Butterfield Asset Management- Asset ManagerButterfield Asset Management is a fullyegrated group business, operating across 4jurisdictions Bermuda, The Cayman Is

24、lands, London and Guernsey and has been an investment manager for primary insurance and captive insurance companies in Bermudaand the Cayman Islands for over 25 years. Butterfield BCayman was incorporated in1967 as a wholly-owned subsidiary and is regulated by the Cayman Islands MonetaryAuthority. A

25、ndrew Baron is Butterfielde for the Group.Guy Carpenter, Reinsurance Brokerleader for CCRIF and is Head of FixedGuy Carpenter & Company, LLC joined the CCRIF Team as the new Placing Broker for theFacilityarch 2011. Guy Carpenter is the worlds leading risk and reinsuranpelistand a member of Marsh & M

26、cLennan Companies. With over 50 offiworldwide, GuyCarpenter creates and executes reinsuranolutions and delivers capital market solutionsfor cnts across the globe. Aidan Pope is Guy Carpenterleader for CCRIF.Sustainability Managers, Corporate Communications and Technical Assistance ManagerSustainabil

27、ity Managers, a consultancy company based in Jamaica, is a multi-disciplinaryteam of profesalst offers a range of servito public and private sector entities aswell asernational and regionalanisations. As Communications Manager,Sustainability Managers provides CCRIF with the following servi: publicat

28、ionsdevelopment; events planning; public relations and media relations management;advertising management; strategic planning; and training & faciliion. Elizabeth Emanueland Gina Sanguinetti Phillips are Sustainability Managers team leaders for CCRIF.CCRIFs operations are laid out in an Operations Ma

29、nual and are executed by a number ofservice provider companies under the guidance of a Chief Executive Officer:Risk Management SpeInsurance ManagerReinsurance BrokerlistAsset Manager (there are two asset management companies)Corporate Communications and Technical Assistance Manager2.3.操作层面2.3.1.主要险种

30、CCRIF has offered parametric insurance productst provide coverage for hurricanes(tropical cyclones) and earthquakes since 2007 and began offering coverage for ex rainfall in June 2013.Hurricane coverageEarthquake coveragesExs rainfall coverageCCRIF has, in itsthree years of operation, offered separa

31、te hurricane (wind) andearthquake policies. Caribbeanernments may purchase coverage which triggers for aone-in-15-year hurricane and a one-in-20-year earthquake, withum coverage ofUS$100M available for each peril. The cost of coverage is a direct function of the amount ofrisk being transferred, ensu

32、ring no cros field for all participants.bsidisation of premiums and a level playing-CCRIF exs rainfall coverage is available during the 2010/11 policy year. Thedevelopment began with many CCRIF participating countries and stakeholdartnersexpressing a strongerest in being able to contract for catastr

33、ophic flood coverage. Inresponse to these needs, CCRIF, using the World Bs Global Fund for Disaster RiskMitigation, partnered with the Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH)to determine the feasibility of this coverage for memberernments.CCRIF is also considering develoa product fo

34、r the agriculture sector or utilitycompanies CCRIF is currently collaborating with the Caribbean Electric Utility ServiceCorporation (CARILEC) in develoan insurance programme to provide parametric windcoverage to electric utilitieshe region to enable cost-effective protection of their highlyvulnerab

35、le overhead transmisand distribution systems.Why does CCRIF not offroducts to companies or private individuals?CCRIF was not set up to compete with the current insurance marketshe Caribbean.Parametric policies similar to those offered by CCRIF are available to companies, and would not be suitable fo

36、r purchase by individuals. Where the private sector insurance markets areclearly lacking and a particular segment of the commerl activities of the region is of vitalimportance tot-disaster national recovery, CCRIF can provide support, both technicaland finanl, to develop parametric insuranolutions.S

37、houldernments consider other financing mechanisms as part of their disastermanagement framework or is CCRIF enough?CCRIFs policies do not obviate the need for Caribbeanernments to continue to invest inmitigation activities and in other financing mechanisms to cover relatively small losses occur more

38、 frequently, such as flash floods, tropical storms and heavy rainfall. CCRIF provides a cost-effective solution for just one part of the larger comprehensive disastertmanagement (CDM) pros.The Facility does not obviate the need for Caribbeanernments to set up a NationalDisaster Fund. Those funds wil

39、l be useful in recovery effortsore frequent events flash floods, tropical storms, heavy rainfall which do not cause catastrophic loss, but doimpact on the smoond effective operation of a country. One of the main iesCaribbeanernments must contend with is properly budgeting for each fiscal year;natura

40、l disasters, which are inevitable, must be properly planned for if economicssuch as GDP growre to be met.2.3.2.精算模型CCRIF helps to mitigate the short-term cash flow problems small develoeconomiessuffer after major natural disasters. CCRIFs parametric insurance mechanism allows it toprovide rapayouts

41、to help members finance their initial disaster response and maainbasicernment functions after a catastrophic event.Since CCRIF was tasked with the goal of providing liquidity quickly, a parametric insurance programme was developed. This allows the Facility to estimate the loss on the ground byusing

42、data from the National Hurricane Centre (NHC)he case of hurricanes and theUnited Ses Geological Survey (USGS)he case of earthquakes, and a pre-agreed proxyrelationship developed within a catastrophe risk m.There are four main reasons CCRIF was designed as a parametric facility:1.Payouts can be calcu

43、lated and made very quickly because loss adjusters do nothave to be red on to estimate damage after a catastrophe event, which can takemonths or years;ernments do no2.ve to provide detailed asset values and other informationprior to the insurance programme commencing, and have just one form to signd

44、uring the entire claims pros;3.Calculation of payouts is totally objective, based on a few simple input parameterspublished widelyhe publicfrom the globally-mandated bodyresponsible for estimating those particular parameters, and a set of formulae which form part of the policy; andThe risk, which dr

45、ives policy pricing, is uniformly defined (i.e. there is no4.subjectivityhe definition of the risk)CCRIFs second-generation hazard and loss mling framework has been developed toassist CCRIF in develonew policy formulations and in develoregional technicalcapacity in catastrophe risk mling. It will en

46、able a new approach to policy formulation -one of mled loss instead of index parametric, the latter being the current basis forpolicies. This meanst the new policy will be able to reduce the basis riskheparametric loss estimates by mling each loss as ippens, rathern reducing theloss estimation metho

47、dology to a series of equations.建模时考虑的具体，如何估计损失How does CCRIF fit in wiCCRIF provides a working mcountrys hazard risk management framework?of an innovative risk management mechanismtprovides cost effective risk transfer as part of a holistic disaster risk managementframework withhe Caribbean.Are los

48、ses calculated primarily focused on the built environment? What is the level ofsignificance given to the losseshe natural physical environment?Losses calculated are primarily focused on the built environment. However, CCRIF has some damage functions for the main crops in countries where agriculture

49、plays a big role and therefore adds to the overall loss. It is important to remember what the CCRIFinsurancheme is designed for: it is designed to helpernmentse atemporary squeeze on their finanimmediay after a disaster.Is tourism included, since tourism is the main industry of many islands which is

50、 heavily dependent on environment?Yes, tourism is included withhe loss m. One of the main drains onernmenternmentaccounts after a disaster is the factt tourism drops or disappears and theno longer can count on the tourism tax. Since CCRIF ms the damage to physicalinfrastructure, including tourism in

51、frastructure, and since this tourism infrastructure is located on the coastline it will be affected by not only the wind but also the storm surge andwave action; allt is incorporatedhe overall damage estimatet is done.Are the risks tailored for countries based on individual country hazard assessment

52、s?CCRIF uses the entire history of hurricanes since the 1850s to determine the susceptibilityof an island being hit by certain hurricane hazard for. Islands more to the south likeGrenada and St. Vincent are lessceptiblen the islandshe main Hurricane Belt likeAntigua and Barbuda so their risk level i

53、s lower and their premium, comparatively speaking, will be lower because their risk is lower. Thus, every island is assessed as to itsown individual risk level and this is the basis for pricing of the insurance product for island.tWhere are the base numbers for population from and what is the accura

54、cy of the system for trials?The population data is taken from the LandScan1 data source. The LandScan is a salite-derived database together wisistical database which is compiled by several of the USagencies and it provides the total population count by country as well as the distribution of t popula

55、tion over the terrain of the country in each 1 km grid cell.erms of impact by the wind, what consideration is given to structure? Are the buildings wooden or concrete?he Beaufort scale which is used as a measure for impact, CCRIF uses a genericrepresenion of a structure. It is based more on damage f

56、unctionn structure. For thedamage potential layers, the damage functions are based on the damage experiencedheCayman Islands as a result of Hurricane Ivan to average single family residential structures and this being correlated with specific hazard parameters. It is a hybrid damage function.模型Given

57、t it is the duty of NMO to forecast localised conditions, has the linear regresequation for storm surge by Conner et al been tested by CIMH or NHC?No CIMH has not conducted any regresysis on storm surge. The CIMH has beenlookingo storm surge mling but this is something which will be an initiative fo

58、r thefuture as we are stillhe initial stages.Do the disaster managers design their action plan from the NHC forecasts and graphics orfrom the local adapion of the forecast?It is amedt disaster management teams already have their action plan andt itincorporates local adap What CCRIF tries toto suppor

59、t those discusion of the forecasts drawing on meteorological office expertise. s provide the information from the NHC and incorporate the RTFSs.Is there really such a term as a good (hurricane) forecaster?Good is relative.xpectt we will not get it correct all the time but we should get itrighIleast

60、90 95% of the time.s been suggestedt it is a good idea to plan for a hurricane of a category one moren is forecast, does this meant we could do our ownysis as forecasters, oftropical depress and determine if there will be tropical storm effects inNo. Given the errors inherent in forecasting, it is b