建筑行业术语

1、BUILDINGMATERIALWORDSANDPHRASES建筑材料词汇及短语1.ARCHITECTURE建筑专业DESIGNBASIS设计依据计划建议书planningproposals设计任务书designorder标准规范standardsandcodes条件图informationdrawing设计基础资料basicdatafordesign工艺流程图processflowchart工程地质资料engineeringgeologicaldata原始资料originaldata设计进度scheduleofdesignSTAGEOFDESIGN设计阶段方案scheme,draft草图sk

2、etch会谈纪要summaryofdiscussion谈判negotiation可行性研究feasibilitystudy初步设计preliminarydesign基础设计basicdesign详细设计detaildesign询价图enquirydrawing施工图workingdrawing,constructiondrawing竣工图asbuiltdrawingc.CLIMATECONDITION气象条件日照sunshine风玫瑰windrose主导风向prevailingwinddirection最大(平均)风速maximum(mean)windvelocity风荷载windload最大

3、(平均)降雨量maximum(mean)rainfall雷击及闪电thunderandlightning飓风hurricane台风typhoon旋风cyclone降雨强度rainfallintensity年降雨量annualrainfall湿球温度wetbulbtemperature干球温度drybulbtemperature冰冻期frostperiod冰冻线frostline冰冻区frostzone室外计算温度calculatingoutdoortemperature采暖地区regionwithheatingprovision不采暖地区regionwithoutheatingprovisio

4、n绝对大气压absoluteatmosphericpressure相对湿度relativehumidityGENERALROOMNAME常用房间名称办公室office服务用房serviceroom换班室shiftroom休息室restroom(breakroom)起居室livingroom浴室bathroom淋浴间shower更衣室lockerroom厕所lavatory门厅lobby诊室cliniczhen工作间workshop电气开关室switchroom走廊corridor档案室archive电梯机房liftmotorroom车库garageku清洁间cleaningroom会议室(正式

5、)conferenceroom会议室meetingroom衣柜间wardrobe暖风间H.V.A.Croom饭店restaurant餐厅canteen,diningroom厨房kitchen入口entrance接待处receptionarea会计室accountantroom秘书室secretaryroom电气室electricalroom控制室controlroom工长室foremanoffice开关柜室switchgear前室antecabinet(Ante.)生产区productionarea马达控制中心Mcc多功能用房utilityroom化验室laboratoryroom经理室man

6、agerroom披屋(阁楼)penthousepT警卫室guardhouseROOFINGANDCEILING屋面及天棚女儿墙parapet雨蓬canopypens屋脊roofridgejT坡度slope坡跨比pitch分水线water-shed二毡三油2layersoffelt&3coatsofbitumastic附加油毡一层extraplyoffelt檐口eaveyan挑檐overhangingeave檐沟eavegutter平屋面flatroof坡屋面pitchedroof雨水管downspout,rainwaterpipe)(R.W.P)汇水面积catchmentarea泛水flash

7、ing内排水interiordrainage外排水exteriordrainage滴水drip屋面排水roofdrainage找平层levelingcourse卷材屋面built-uproofing天棚ceiling檩条purlin屋面板roofingboard天花板ceilingboard防水层water-proofcourse检查孔inspectionhole人孔manhole吊顶suspendedceiling,falseceiling檐板(窗帘盒)corniceWALL(CLADDING)墙体(外墙板)砖墙brickwall砌块墙blockwall清水砖墙brickwallwithou

8、tplastering抹灰墙renderedwall机器磨平混凝土地面防火门firedoor石膏板墙gypsumboard,plastermachinetrowelledconcretefloor(大门上的)小门wicketboard水磨石地面terrazzoflooring门框doorframe空心砖墙hollowbrickwall马赛克地面mosaicflooring门扇doorleaf承重墙bearingwall瓷砖地面ceramictileflooring门洞dooropening非承重墙non-bearingwall油地毡地面linoleumflooring结构开洞structura

9、lopening纵墙longitudinalwall预制水磨石地面precastterrazzo单扇门singledoor横墙transversewallflooring双扇门doubledoor外墙external(exterior)wall硬木花地面hard-woodparquet疏散门emergencydoor内墙internal(interior)wallflooring纱门screendoor填充墙fillerwall搁栅joist门槛doorsill防火墙firewall硬木毛地面hard-woodrough门过梁doorlintel窗间墙wallbetweenwindowfloo

10、ring上冒头toprail空心墙cavitywall企口板地面tonguedandgrooved下冒头bottomrail压顶copingflooring门边木stile圈梁gird,girt,girth防酸地面acid-resistantfloor门樘侧料sidejumb玻璃隔断glazedwall钢筋混凝土楼板槽口notch防潮层damp-proofcourse(D.P.C)reinforcedconcreteslab(R.C木窗woodenwindow遮阳板sunshadeSlab)钢窗steelwindow阳台balcony乙烯基地面vinylflooring铝合金窗aluminum

11、alloywindow伸缩缝expansionjoint水磨石嵌条dividerstripforterrazzo百叶窗(通风为主)sun-bind,louver沉降缝settlementjoint地面做2坡floorwith2%slope(louver,shutter,blind)抗震缝seismicjoint集水沟gully塑钢窗plasticsteelwindow复合夹心板sandwichboard集水口gulley空腹钢窗hollowsteelwindow压型单板corrugatedsinglesteel排水沟drainagetrench固定窗fixedwindowplate沟盖板tre

12、nchcover平开窗side-hungwindow外墙板claddingpanel活动盖板removablecoverplate推拉窗slidingwindow复合板compositepanel集水坑sumppit气窗transom轻质隔断light-weightpartition孔翻边holeupstand上悬窗top-hungwindow牛腿bracket电缆沟cabletrench中悬窗center-pivotedwindow砖烟囱brickchimney勒脚(基座)plinthh.DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS&下悬窗hopperwindow活动百叶窗adjustablelo

13、uverg.FLOORANDTRENCHIRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件天窗skylight老虎窗dormerwindow地面及地沟木(钢)门wooden(steel)door密封双层玻璃sealeddoubleglazing地坪grade镶板门panelleddoor钢筋混凝土过梁reinforcedconcrete地面和楼面groundandfloor夹板门plywooddoorlintel素土夯实rammedearth铝合金门aluminumalloydoor钢筋砖过梁reinforcedbricklintel炉渣夯实tampedcinder卷帘门rolle

14、rshutterdoor窗扇casementsash填土filledearth弹簧门swingdoor窗台windowsill回填土夯实tampedbackfill推拉门slidingdoor窗台板windowboard垫层beddingcourse,blinding平开门side-hungdoor窗中梃mullion面层covering,finish折叠门foldingdoor窗横木mutin结合层bonding(binding)course旋转门revolvingdoor窗边木stile找平层levelingcourse玻璃门glazeddoor压缝条covermould素水泥浆结合层密闭

15、门air-Tightdoor窗帘盒curtainboxneatcementbindingcourse保温门thermalinsulatingdoor合页(铰链)hinge(butts)混凝土地面concretefloor镀锌铁丝网门galvanizedsteelwire转轴pivot水泥地面cementfloormeshdoor长脚铰链parliamenthinge闭门器doorcloser地弹簧floorcloser插销bolt门锁doorlock拉手pull链条chain门钩doorhanger碰球balllatch窗钩windowcatch暗插销insertbolt电动开关器electr

16、icopener平板玻璃plateglass夹丝玻璃wireglass透明玻璃clearglass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃)groundglass(frostedglass)防弹玻璃bullet-proofglass石英玻璃quartzglass吸热玻璃heatabsorbingglass磨光玻璃polishedglass着色玻璃pigmentedglass玻璃瓦glasstile玻璃砖glassblock有机玻璃organicglassI.STAIRCASE,LANDING&LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯楼梯stair楼梯间staircase疏散梯emergencystair旋转梯

17、spiralstair(circularstair)吊车梯craneladder直爬梯verticalladder踏步step扇形踏步winder(wheelstep)踏步板tread档步板riser踏步宽度treadwidth防滑条non-slipinsert(strips)栏杆railing(balustrade)平台栏杆platformrailing吊装孔栏杆railingaroundmountinghole扶手handrail梯段高度heightofflight防护梯笼protectingcage(safetycage)平台landing(platform)操作平台operatingp

18、latform装卸平台platformforloading&unloading楼梯平台stairlanding客梯passengerlift货梯goodslift客/货两用梯goods/passengerlift液压电梯hydrauliclift自动扶梯escalator观光电梯observationelevator电梯机房liftmortarroom电梯坑liftpit电梯井道liftshaftj.BUILDINGMATERIALWORDSANDPHRASES建筑材料词汇及短语BricksandTiles砖和瓦红砖redbrick粘土砖claybrick瓷砖glazedbrick(ceram

19、ictile)防火砖firebrick空心砖hollowbrick面砖facingbrick地板砖flooringtile马赛克mosaic陶粒混凝土ceramsiteconcrete琉璃瓦glazedtile脊瓦ridgetile石棉瓦asbestostile(shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦corrugatedasbestoscementsheetLime,SandandStone灰、砂和石石膏gypsum大理石marble汉白玉whitemarble花岗岩granite碎石crushedstone毛石rubble蛭石vermiculite珍珠岩pearlite水磨石terrazzo卵石co

20、bble砾石gravel粗砂coursesand中砂mediumsand细砂finesandCement,MortarandConcrete水泥、砂浆和混凝土波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥)Portlandcement硅酸盐水泥silicatecement火山灰水泥pozzolanacement白水泥whitecement水泥砂浆cementmortar石灰砂浆limemortar水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆)cement-limemortar保温砂浆thermalmortar防水砂浆water-proofmortar耐酸砂浆acid-resistantmortar耐碱砂浆alkaline-resist

21、antmortar沥青砂浆bituminousmortar纸筋灰paperstripmixedlimemortar麻刀灰hempcutlimemortar灰缝mortarjoint素混凝土plainconcrete钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete轻质混凝土lightweightconcrete细石混凝土fineaggregateconcrete沥青混凝土asphaltconcrete泡沫混凝土foamedconcrete炉渣混凝土cinderconcreteFacingAndPlasteringMaterials饰面及粉刷材料水刷石graniticplaster斩假石artifi

22、cialstone刷浆limewash可赛银casein大白浆whitewash麻刀灰打底hempcutsandlimeasbase喷大白浆两道sprayedtwicewithwhitewash分格抹水泥砂浆cementmortarplastersectioned板条抹灰lathandplasterAsphalt(Bitumen)andAsbestos沥青和石棉沥青卷材asphaltfelt沥青填料asphaltfiller沥青胶泥asphaltgrout冷底子油adhesivebitumenprimer沥青玛啼脂asphalticmastic沥青麻丝bitumasticoakum石棉板asb

23、estossheet石棉纤维asbestosfiberTimber木材裂缝crack透裂split环裂shake干缩shrinkage翘曲warping原木log圆木roundtimber方木squaretimber板材plank木条batten板条lath木板board红松redpine白松whitepine落叶松deciduouspine云杉spruce柏木cypress白杨whitepoplar桦木birch冷杉fir栎木oak榴木willow榆木elm杉木cedar柚木teak樟木camphorwood防腐处理的木材preservative-treatedlumber胶合板plywoo

24、d三(五)合板3(5)-plywood企口板tonguedandgroovedboard层夹板laminatedplank胶合层夹木材glue-laminatedlumber纤维板fiber-board竹子bambooMetallicMaterials金属材料黑色金属ferrousmetal圆钢steelbBar方钢squaresteel扁钢steelatrap型钢steelsection(shape)槽钢channel角钢anglesteel等边角钢equal-legangle不等边角钢unequal-legangle工字钢I-beam宽翼缘工字钢wideflangeI-beam丁(之)字钢

25、T-bar(Z-bar)冷弯薄壁型钢lightgaugecold-formedsteelshape热轧hot-rolled冷轧cold-rolled冷拉cold-drawn冷压cold-pressed合金钢alloysteel钛合金titaniumalloy不锈钢stainlesssteel竹节钢筋corrugatedsteelbar变形钢筋deformedbar光圆钢筋plainroundbar钢板steelplate薄钢板thinsteelplate低碳钢lowcarbonsteel冷弯coldbending钢管steelpipe(tube)无缝钢管seamlesssteelpipe焊接钢

26、管weldedsteelpipe黑铁管ironpipe镀锌钢管galvanizedsteelpipe铸铁castiron生铁pigiron熟铁wroughtiron镀锌铁皮galvanizedsteelsheet镀锌铁丝galvanizedsteelwire钢丝网steelwiremesh多孔金属网expandedmetal锰钢managanesesteel高强度合金钢highstrengthalloysteelNon-FerrousMetal有色金属金gold白金platinum铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze银silver铝aluminum铅leadAnti-Corrosion

27、Materials防腐蚀材料聚乙烯polythene,polyethylene尼龙nylon聚氯乙烯PVC(polyvinylchloride)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate聚苯乙烯polystyrene丙烯酸树酯acrylicresin乙烯基酯vinylester橡胶内衬rubberlining氯丁橡胶neoprene沥青漆bitumenpaint环氧树脂漆epoxyresinpaint氧化锌底漆zincoxideprimer防锈漆anti-rustpaint耐酸漆acid-resistantpaint耐碱漆alkali-resistantpaint水玻璃sodiumsilicate树脂

28、砂浆resin-bondedmortar环氧树脂epoxyresinBuildingHardware建筑五金钉子nails螺纹屋面钉spiral-threadedroofingnail环纹石膏板钉annular-ringgypsumboardnail螺丝screws平头螺丝flat-headscrew螺栓bolt普通螺栓commercialbolt高强螺栓highstrengthbolt预埋螺栓insertbolt胀锚螺栓cinchbolt垫片washerPaint油漆底漆primer防锈底漆rust-inhibitiveprimer防腐漆anti-corrosionpaint调和漆mixed

29、paint无光漆flatpaint透明漆varnish银粉漆aluminumpaint磁漆enamelpaint干性油dryingoil稀释剂thinner焦油tar沥青漆asphaltpaint桐油tungoil,Chinesewoodoil红丹redlead铅油leadoil腻子puttyk.OTHERARCHITECTURALTERMS其它建筑术语Discipline专业建筑architecture土木civil给排水watersupplyanddrainage总图plotplan采暖通风H.V.A.C(heating、ventilationandairconditioning)电力供应

30、electricpowersupply电气照明electriclighting电讯telecommunication仪表instrument热力供应heatpowersupply动力mechanicalpower工艺processtechnology管道pipingConventionalTerms一般通用名词建筑原理architectonics建筑形式architecturalstyle民用建筑civilarchitecture城市建筑urbanarchitecture农村建筑ruralarchitecture农业建筑farmbuilding工业建筑industrialbuilding重工业

31、的heavyindustrial轻工业的lightindustrial古代建筑ancientarchitecture现代建筑modernarchitecture标准化建筑standardizedbuildings附属建筑auxiliarybuildings城市规划cityplanning厂区内withinsite厂区外offsite封闭式closedtype开敞式opentype半开敞式semi-opentype模数制modularsystem单位造价unitcost概算preliminaryestimate承包商constructor,contractor现场site扩建extension改

32、建reconstruction防火fire-prevention防震aseismatic,quake-proof防腐anti-corrosion防潮dump-proof防水water-proof防尘dust-proof防锈rust-proof车流量trafficvolume货流量freighttrafficvolume人流量pedestrianvolume透视图perspectivedrawing建筑模型buildingmodelArchitecturalPhysics建筑物理照明illumination照度degreeofillumination亮度brightness日照sunshine天

33、然采光naturallighting光强lightintensity侧光sidelight顶光toplight眩光glaze方位角azimuth辐射radiation对流convection传导conduction遮阳sun-shade保温thermalinsulation恒温constanttemperature恒湿constanthumidity噪音noise隔音sound-proof吸音soundabsorption露点dewpoint隔汽vapor-proofNameOfProfessionalrole职务名称项目经理projectmanager(PM)设计经理designmanage

34、r首席建筑师principalarchitect总工程师chiefengineer土木工程师civilengineer工艺工程师processengineer电气工程师electricalengineer机械工程师mechanicalengineer计划工程师planningengineer助理工程师assistantengineer实习生probationer专家specialist,expert制图员draftsman技术员technicianDrafting制图总说明generalspecification工程说明projectspecification采用标准规范目录listofsta

35、ndardsandspecificationadopted图纸目录listofdrawings平面图plan局部放大图detailwithenlargedscale平面示意图schematicplanof.平剖面图sectionalplanof.留孔平面图planofprovisionofholes剖面section纵剖面longitudinalsection横剖面cross(transverse)section立面elevation正立面frontelevation透视图perspectivedrawing侧立面sideelevation背立面backelevation详图detaildra

36、wings典型节点typicaldetail节点号detailNo.首页frontpage图纸目录及说明listofcontentsanddescription图例legend示意图diagram草图sketch荷载简图loaddiagram流程示意图flowdiagram标准图standarddrawing布置图layoutof.地形图topographicalmap土方工程图earth-workdrawing展开图developeddrawing模板图formworkdrawing配筋arrangementofreinforcement表格tables工程进度表workingschedul

37、e技术经济指标technicalandeconomicalindex建、构筑物一览表listofbuildingsandstructures编号coding序列号serialNo.行和栏rowsandcolumns备注remarks等级grade直线straightLine曲线curves曲折线zigzagline虚线dottedline实线solidline影线hatchingline点划线dotanddashline轴线axis等高线contourLine中心线centerLine双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola切线tangentLine尺寸线dimensionLine园形r

38、ound环形annular方形square矩形rectangle平行四边形parallelogram三角形triangle五角形pentagon六角形hexagon八角形octagon梯形trapezoid圆圈circle弓形sagment扇形sector球形的spherical抛物面paraboloid圆锥形cone椭圆形ellipse,oblong面积area体积volume容量capacity重量weight质量mass力force米meter厘米centimete毫米millimeter公顷hectate牛顿/平方米Newton/squaremeter千克/立方米kilogram/cu

39、bicmeter英尺foot英寸inch磅pound吨ton加仑gallon千磅kip平均尺寸averagedimension变尺寸variabledimension外形尺寸overalldimension展开尺寸developeddimension内径insidediameter外径outsidediameter净重netweight毛重grossweight数量quantity百分比percentage净空clearance净高headroom净距cleardistance净跨clearspan截面尺寸sectionaldimension开间bay进深depth单跨singlespan双跨

40、doublespan多跨multi-span标高elevation,level绝对标高absoluteelevation设计标高designedelevation室外地面标高groundelevation室内地面标高floorelevation柱网columngrid坐标coordinate厂区占地sitearea使用面积usablearea辅助面积servicearea通道面积passagearea管架piperack管廊pipelinegallery架空管线overheadpipeline排水沟drainditch集水坑sumppit喷泉fountain地漏floordrain消火栓fir

41、ehydrant灭火器fireextinguisher二氧化碳灭火器carbondioxideextinguisher卤代烷灭火器halonextinguisherSTRUCTURE结构专业Load荷载拔力pullingforce标准值standardvalue残余应力residualstress冲击荷载impactload,punchload残余变形residualdeflection承压bearing承载能力bearingcapacity承重bearing,loadbearing承重结构bearingstructure脆性材料brittlematerial脆性破坏brittlefailur

42、e抵抗力resistingpower,resistance吊车荷载craneload分布荷载distributedload风荷载windload风速windvelocity,windspeed风压windpressure风振windvibration浮力buoyance,floatage符号symbol,mark负弯矩negativemoment,hoggingmoment附加荷载additionalload附加应力additionalstress副作用sideeffect,by-effect刚度rigidity刚度比ratioofrigidity刚度系数rigidityfactor刚接rig

43、idconnection刚性节点rigidjoint恒载deadload荷载传递transmissionofload固端弯矩fixed-endmoment活荷载liveload积灰荷载dustload集中荷载concentratedload加载,加荷loading剪力shear,shearingforce剪切破坏shearfailure剪应变shearstrain剪应力shearstress简支simplesupport静定结构staticallydeterminatestructure截面模量modulusofsection,sectionmodulus静力staticforce静力分析st

44、aticanalysis局部压力localpressure,partialpressure局部压屈localbulkling绝对值absolutevalue均布荷载uniformlydistributedload抗拔力pullingresistance抗剪刚度shearrigidity抗剪强度shearstrength,shearingstrength抗拉强度tensilestrength抗扭torsionresistance抗扭刚度torsionalrigidity抗弯bendingresistance抗弯刚度bendingrigidity抗压强度compressivestrength,co

45、mpressionstrength可靠性reliability可靠性设计reliabilitydesign拉力tensileforce拉应力tensilestress,tensionstress拉应变tensilestrain,tensionstrain临界点criticalpoint临界荷载criticalload临界应力criticalstress密度density离心力centrifugalforce摩擦力frictionforce摩擦系数frictionalfactor挠度deflection内力internalforce,innerforce扭矩momentoftorsion,tor

46、sionalmoment疲劳强度fatiguestrength偏心荷载eccentricload,non-centralload偏心距eccentricdistance,eccentricity偏心受拉eccentrictension偏心受压eccentriccompression屈服强度yieldstrength使用荷载workingload水平力horizontalforce水平推力horizontalthrust弹塑性变形elastoplasticdeformation弹性elasticity,resilience,spring塑限plasticlimit弹性变形elasticdefor

47、mation塑性变形plasticdeformation弹性模量modulusofelastic,elasticmodulus体积volume,bulk,cubature,cubage土压力earthpressure,soilpressure弯矩bendingmoment,moment弯曲半径radiusatbent,radiusofcurve位移displacement温度应力temperaturestress温度作用temperatureaction系数coefficient,factor雪荷载snowload压应变compressionstrain压应力compressionstress

48、应力集中concentrationofstress预应力prestressingforce,prestress振动荷载vibratingload,rackingload支座反力supportreaction自重ownweight作用action,effect作用点pointofapplication,applicationjointGroundBaseandFoundation地基及基础板桩sheetpile,sheetingpile板桩基础sheetpilefoundation饱和粘土saturationclay冰冻线frostline,freezinglevel不均匀沉降unequalse

49、ttlement,differentialsettlement残积土residualsoil沉积物deposit,sediment沉降settlement沉降差differenceinsettlement沉降缝settlementjoint沉井sinkingwell,sunkwell沉箱caisson持力层bearingstratum冲积alluviation锤夯hammertamping档土墙retainingwall,breastwall底板baseslab,baseplate,bedplate地板floorboard地基groundbase,ground地基承载力groundbearin

50、gcapacity地基处理groundtreatment,soiltreatment地基稳定basestabilization地梁groundbeam,groundsill地漏floordrain地下工程substructurework,understructurework地下室basement,cellar地下水groundwater地下水位groundwaterlevel,watertable地下水压力groundwaterpressure地质报告geologicreport垫层bedding,blinding独立基础isolatedfoundation,individualfoundat

51、ion端承桩end-bearingpile筏式基础raftfoundation粉砂silt,rockflour粉质粘土siltyclay粉质土siltysoil扶壁式档土墙buttressedretainingwall腐蚀corrosion覆土earthcovering刚性基础rigidfoundation沟盖板trenchcover固结consolidation灌注桩cast-in-placepile,castinsitepile护坡slopeprotection,revetment护桩guardpile环墙ringwall灰土limeearth回填backfill,backfilling回

52、填土backfill,backfillsoil混凝土找平层concretescreed火山灰水泥trasscement基槽foundationtrench基础foundation,base基础底板foundationslab基础埋深embeddeddepthoffoundation基础平面图foundationplan地基勘探siteexploration,siteinvestigation基坑foundationpit集水坑collectingsump阶形基础steppedfoundation结合层bindingcourse,bondingcourse井点wellpoint井点排水wellpointunwatering开挖excavation,cutting勘测explorationandsurvey勘测资料explorationdata沥青bitumen,asphalt,pitch联合基础combinedfoundation卵石cobble,pebble埋置embedment毛石基础rubblefoundation锚筋anchorbar锚桩anchorpile密实度compactness,density,denseness摩擦桩frictionpile,floatingpile