动词不定式练习题及讲解

1、动词不定式用法要点讲解一、作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：把不定式置于句首。如：Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：It+be+名词+todoItsourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.Ittakessb+sometime+todoHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?It+be+形容词+forsb+todoItisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecomposition

2、aquarterofanhour.It+be+形容词+ofsb+todoItisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.Itseems(appears)+形容词+todoItseemedimpossibletosavemoney.二、作宾语1不定式作宾语以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,longmanage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等

3、，这些词大咅E分可接that引导的从句。如：Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedtostartbackonfoot.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedthatwewouldstartbackonfoot.当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语+动词+it+木卜语+todo句式。Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.介词but,except,besides+todo(do)在这种句型中，如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式；如无do

4、,则接to不定式，即带do不带to,带to不带do。如：Theenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttogivein.2部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。如：begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等。在need,require,want后接-ing形式，表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但要用被动形式，如：Yourhandwritingneedsimproving(tobeimproved),hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件，接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为

5、。在下列情况下，一般要用不定式：hate,like,love前有would(should)时，如：Idliketohaveacupofcoffee.当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时，如：Thestudentsarestartingtoworkonthedifficultmathsproblem.begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时，如：Isoonbegantounderstandwhatwashappening.advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语，或带不

6、定式作宾语补足语。如：Ourteachersdontpermitour/usswimminginthelake.Ourteachersdontpermitustoswiminthelake.部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生。如：Weregrettotellyouthatallofyouarenotinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Theyregrettedorderingthesebooksfromabroad.meantodo打算做某事；

7、meandoing意味着trytodo设法尽力做某事；trydoing试着做某事stoptodo停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语)；stopdoing停止做某事canthelpdoing禁不住；canttodo不能帮助干goontodo做不同的事或不同内容的事；doing继续不停地做某事，指同一动作的继续leaveofftodo离开某地去干什么(目的状语)；leavedoing停下某事三、做表语Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.四、作定语不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：Haveyouanythingtobetakent

8、oyoursister?Wouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteon?不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：表示尚未发生的动作。与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词。与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主位关系。不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句。五、不定式作补足语1作宾语补足语一些及物动词除要求按宾语外，有时还需要有宾语补足语，说明宾语的行为、状态、特征，这时意思才相对完整。常要求不定式作宾补的动词有：allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive(强迫)，encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,wou

9、ldlike(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。如：Iexpectyoutounderstandthewholepassageclearly.部分动词后常接tobe+形容词、名词短语等形式，有时tobe可省略，如：consider,imagine,judge,prove,suppose等。Iconsiderhim(tobe)oneofthebestbiologyteachers.但当不定式是完成式时，to不能省略，如：Weconsiderhimtohavebeenfoolish.感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的

10、不定式须省略to。Ididnthearanyonesayanythingaboutit.Theymakethestudentsdotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.这种句式在变为被动语态时，to不能省略，如第句：Thestudentsaremadetodotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.部分短语动词后，常接不定式作宾补，如：ThePartycallsonustoincreaseproductionandpractiseeconomy.常这样用的短语动词有：askfor,carefor,callon,dependon,waitfor,longfor(渴望),prep

11、arefor等。2作主语补足语不定式作主语补足语，和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Hewasnotallowedtoentertheclassroomforbeinglate.Theyounguniversitystudentisconsideredtohavegreatpromise.六、不定式作状语1作目的状语Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.有时为了强调，不定式前可加inorder或soas。如：Bobtookdownmytelephonenumbersoas(inorder)nottoforgetit.有时为强调目的状语可把inorderto或不定式

12、置于句首，但soasto不能这样用。在这种句式中不定式部分可转换为sothat,inorderthat,成为目的状语从句，如：Istayedtheresothat（inorderthat）Icouldseewhatwouldhappen.（3）在部分表示感情色彩的形容词、过去分词或动词之后可接不定式，如：astonished,glad,happy,laugh,pleased,sad,smile,sorry,surprised等。Wearegladtohearthenews.Iwassurprisedtoseethatathree-year-oldbabycouldwritesowell.在部分

13、形容词后接不定式，用主动形式表示被动意义，这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。如:Thequestionraisedbythestudentisdifficulttoanswer.Theroomisreallycomfortabletolivein.常这样用的形容词有:comfortable,easy,dangerous,difficult,expensive,fit,impossible等。2作结果状语Wecamehomeafterourholidaytofindourgardenneatandtidy.不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中。如：soasto；suchastoImnotsost

14、upid（afool）astoputitinwriting.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。enoughtoThespeedishighenoughforustocatchupwiththefirstliner.onlytoJanehurriedbackonlytofindhermotherdyinginthehospital.tootoImtootiredtostayuplonger.但在下列结构中，too-to并非是“太而不能”之意。如：Imonlytoogladtohavepassedtheexam.考试及格我太高兴了。（too修饰gladtohave，相当于very）3.不定式短语还可作独

15、立成分，用于句首、句中或句末。如：Totellthetruth,theplaywasagreatdisappointmenttome.常见的短语有tobeexact（确切地说），tobeginwith（首先），tobesure（真的）等等。七、动词不定式的其它用法1疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如：Whenandwheretogohasnotbeendecidedyet.以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider

16、,decide,discover,explain,findout,forget,hear,know,learn,observe,understand,wonder等。2.动词不定式的时态、语态时态一般式：动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后，有时表示同时发生。如：Ireturnedhometofindmyhousebrokenin.完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。如：Theypretendedtobethinkingdeeply,whenIcameback.完成进行时：表

17、示的在谓语动作之前一直进行的动作。SheissaidtohavebeenwritingthenovelaboutNewYorkforyears.语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：Itwasimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.（不定式作主语）Canyoutellmewhichisthecartoberepaired?（不定式作定语）在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：Therearestillmanythingstotakecareof（tobetakencareof）.但有时两

18、种形式表达的意思不同，如：Theseisnothingtodonow.（Wehavenothingtodonow.）Thereisnothingtobedonenow.（Wecandonothingnow.）3在口语中，为避免重复，常用to代替不定式结构，有时甚至可以把to省略。如：DidyougotovisittheGreatWall?No,Iwanted（to）,buttherewasntenoughtime.另外，begoingto,oughtto,usedto等也常用于这一结构中。在why引起的问句中，省略to。如：Whydontwespendsuchalotofmoneybuying

19、things?Whynotwaitforacoupleofdays?当两个或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用时，只在第一个不定式前加too如：Itsquitenecessaryforustoreadmoreandhavemorepractice.to在下列短语中是“介词”，后接动名词或名词形式。如：devote-to,lookforwardto（盼望），objectto（反对），taketo（养成习惯，对感兴趣；开始从事某种活动）,beusedto（习惯于）,bedevotedto,pay/drawattentionto,getdownto,treat-to,beaddictedto,makeco

20、ntributionsto,oweto,lookupto,relateto,等。不定式专题：l.IsnecessarytochangetrainsatBeijing?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he2.iseasierthantodo.A.SayingB.TosayHefounditimportantthesituationallovertheworld.A.studyB.tostudyC.SaidC.studiesD.TohavingsaidD.tobestudiedlateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.D.himtoleaveATosleepB

21、SleepingCSleepDHavingslept5.Itwasfoolishhiscarunlocked.A.forhimtoleaveB.ofhimtoleaveC.forhimleaveTheboyrefusedforclimbingthetalltree.A.topayB.tobepaidC.beingpaidIhappenedthearticlewhenheaskedmeaboutit.A,havingreadB.tohavereadD.payingC.tobereadTalkingaboutthefuturecareer,IdpreferateacherD.readingbeas

22、ecretary.A.being,toB.tobe,toC.tobe,ratherthanD.being,morethanTheyoungmanpersuadedhisfathersmokingA.togiveupB.givingupC.beinggivenupD.giveupTheywouldnotallowhimacrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoingBelieveitornot,hewasseenupstairsjustnow.A.togoB.togoingC.havinggoneD.goP

23、auldoesnthavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.D.learningA.learnB.tolearnC.learnedHiswishadoctorcametrue.A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeD.becameTherearefivepairs,butIamatalosswhichtobuy.AtobechosenBtochoosefromCtochooseDforchoosingThedoctordideverythinghecouldthepatient.A.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.savedIwasjustab

24、outtheofficewhenthephonerang.A.leavingB.leaveC.toleaveD.toleavingAtlasttheenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttheirguns.A.tolaydownB.liedownC.layingdownD.laydownDoletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearseverything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentoldWhenandwheretobuildthenewpowerstationyet.A.isnotd

25、ecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecidedAllIdidwashimalittlepush.Ididntmeantoharmhim.A.giveB.givenC.givingD.togivingThelibraryneeds,butitllhavetowaituntilSunday.A.tocleanB.tobecleanedC.cleanD.beingcleanedHemadealongspeechhisignorance(无矢口)ofthesubject.A.onlytoshowB.onlyshowingC.showingD.e

26、noughtoshowrveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.AexpectedBtoexpectCtobeexpectingDexpectsTomwhentheyspokeillofhim.A.happenedtobepassedB.happenedtobepassingbyC.happenedpassingbyD.happenedtopassedTomasteraforeignlanguage,.A.alotofpracticeisneededB.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedofD

27、.oneneedsalotofpractice26Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?Oh,excellent.Itsworthasecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingreadThespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldntmakehimself(NMET9134)A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heardOnafternoon,MrsGreenwenttothemarket,somebananasandvisitedhercousin.(NMET9123)A.boughtB.buy

28、ingC.tobuyD.writing-Iusuallygotherebytrain.-Whynotbyboatforachange?(NMET9214)A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoingareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(MET9239)A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.HavingnotreceivedHowaboutthetwoofuswalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobe

29、takingdowntheradiothebabysasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.TurnCharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented-Imustapologizeforaheadoftime.Thatsallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknowRatherthanonacrowdedbus,healwaysprefersabicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride；rideB.riding；rideC.ride；torideD.toride；ridingThemissingboyswerelastseenneartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.pla