Unit 1 (WRITING WORKSHOP - READING CLUB 2)词汇课件-高中英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

1、单词课堂A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. Vygotsky版本：新北师单元：选择性必修一 Unit 1 (WRITING WORKSHOP READING CLUB 2)本单元词汇梳理1.invitationinvite + -aniseorgan (器官 / 人体组织) + -ise (使化) 使有组织地运行，引申为“组织”词族：organ, organise, organiser, organisation3.topic词块：a hot / sensitive topic, on topic4.innovatio

2、nin- (进入) + novus (new 新的) + -ation 进入新的领域 创新petitor词族：compete, competence, competition, competitive, competitor6.fluencyfluent gressionprogress progression8.engagementengage engagement9.sincerely词族：sincere, sincerely, sincerity10.belong词块：belong to，不能用于进行时态和被动语态派生词：belonging (a sense of

3、 belonging)belongings (personal belongings)11approval构词法：approve approval12.defendde- (from, away 离开) + -fend (hit, strike 打击) 击挡开 防御派生词：defence13. principle 一词多义，基本义：原理、原则词块：in principle, against sbs principles 14.unmotivatedmotivate motivated unmotivated15. contrastcontra (against 相对) + -st (to st

4、and 站) 相对而站进行比较 对比词块：by / in contrast, in contrast with / to, make a contrast with, contrast between and 16.motivationmotivate motivation motivate：mot (to move 移动) + -ate (使具有特性) 使有动机 激发重难点词精讲organise词源义一词多义defend一词多义辨析义behalf搭配义抽象名词belong搭配义contrast搭配义take upprinciple一词多义一词多义organize / organise来自or

5、gan (器官) + -ize (使)，即使器官有组织地运行，引申词义组织、安排。organorganise器官使有组织化组织organisation使役动词后缀-ize / -ise： modernmodernize / modernise使现代化real realize / realise使成为现实-ize / ise后缀意为“使具有某种特性”；通常加在名词或形容词后。national使国有化nationalize/ nationalise vt 组织；筹备 to plan an event, activity, etc.：I knew nothing about organizing a

6、ny big event. 2012 天津 vt 整理；分配 to put or arrange things into a system or logical order：When writing an article, we should read the topic carefully and organize our ideas. 2009 福建改 vorganize / organiseorganise语义网络图组织organise基本义“组织”活动“组织”想法、时间等，使之有序组织；筹备整理；分配 organized / organised 只用于名词前 有组织的；有安排的：I w

7、ant to work with a well organized team. 有序的；有条理的：a very organized person【词汇拓展】 organizer / organiser n C 组织者 organisation / organization n C 组织；团体；机构form / set up an international organization the World Health Organization (WHO) U 组织工作 (planning)：He is engaged in the organization of a new club.【文化拓展

8、】 希波克拉底（古希腊文：，前460年前370年）为古希腊伯里克利时代的医师，被西方尊为“医学之父（Father of medicine）”，西方医学奠基人。 为了抵制“神赐疾病”的谬说，希波克拉底积极探索人的肌体特征和疾病的成因，提出了著名的“体液学说”。那时，尸体解剖为宗教与习俗所禁止，希波克拉底勇敢地冲破禁令，秘密进行了人体解剖，获得了许多关于人体结构（body structure）的知识。 希波克拉底誓言（Hippocrates：The Oath of Medicine）是希波克拉底警诫人类的古希腊职业道德的圣典，他向医学界发出的行业道德倡议书，是从医人员入学第一课要学的重要内容，也是

9、全社会所有职业人员言行自律的要求。高考链接根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成句子。_（代表）everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.（2013 辽宁）behalf我代表在座的各位，祝你们回国旅途愉快。On behalf of behalf R1 n用于以下惯用语：on behalf of sb / on sbs behalf 代表：I, on behalf of our class, welcome you warmly and sincerely. 2014 天津书面表达 为了某人；因为某人：They w

10、rite letters of recommendation on behalf of students. Dont worry on my behalf. in behalf of sb / in sbs behalf 为了某人；为了某人的利益：We collect money in behalf of the homeless. take uptake up为高频多义短语动词，take和up的字面意义组合是“拿起”，也是其根义，不过这层意思现在已经很少使用。up1. After he retired from office, Rogers took up painting for a wh

11、ile, but soon lost interest. 2. If you want to take up this job, you should first be trained for three months. 3. The desk takes up a lot of room. 4. Helen always helps her mother even though going to school takes up most of her day. 5. Rick took up the challenge and cycled alone for 250 miles. 根据 t

12、ake up 的基本义到衍生义，写出下列句子中 take up 的汉语意思。（尤指为消遣）学着做；开始做开始（从事；担任）占据空间占用时间接受拿起take up（基本义）“拿起”某项活动“拿起”工作或职位“拿起”时间或空间“拿起”建议或其他得到的东西take up 语义网络图 （尤指为消遣）学着做；开始做 开始从事；开始担当 占用 接受belongVictory belongs to the most persevering. 胜利属于最坚忍的人。 Napoleon拿破仑波拿巴（1769年8月15日1821年5月5日），即拿破仑一世（Napolon I），出生于科西嘉岛，十九世纪法国伟大的军事

13、家、政治家，法兰西第一帝国的缔造者。拿破仑于1804年12月2日加冕称帝，把共和国变成帝国。在位期间称“法国人的皇帝”，也是历史上自查理三世后第二位享有此名号的法国皇帝。belong vi 属 (于)；应在 (某处)：Put the chair back where it belongs. belong to 属于；是的成员；应归入：Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are his and hers. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dre

14、ams. Mike belongs to the English club. Lions and tigers belong to the cat family. 注：belong to 不能用于进行时态和被动语态。 belonging n U 归属：a sense of belonging belongings n C 复数 所有物；财产；财物 (possessions)：Look after your personal belongings. 2008 四川defend“我不同意你说的每一句话，但我誓死捍卫你说话的权利。”这句话来自英国女作家伊夫林比阿特丽斯霍尔所作的伏尔泰的朋友们(The

15、 Friends of Voltaire)。伏尔泰（Voltaire，16941778），18世纪法国启蒙思想家、文学家、哲学家 ，是十八世纪法国资产阶级启蒙运动的泰斗，被誉为“法兰西思想之王”“法兰西最优秀的诗人”“欧洲的良心”，主张开明的君主政治，强调自由和平等。 vt & vi 防护；防御；保卫：All our officers are trained to defend themselves from / against knife attacks. vt 为辩护；为辩解：Students should be ready to explain and defend their view

16、s.The law allows people to defend themselves against a charge. vt & vi（比赛中）防守；防卫：What are the forwards doing attacking or defending?defend v防护；防御；保卫defend防护（基本义）武力“防护”为辩护；为辩解(比赛中) 防守；防卫比赛中“防护”言语“防护”defend 语义网络图defend, guard, protect 辨析三者都含有“保护”之意。defend 指“保卫”“防御”，指抵御或击退外来的攻击。When the dog attacked me

17、, I defended myself with a stick. guard 指“守护”“看守”，指保持警惕或注意来防止危险发生。The dog was guarding its owners tect 语义范围广，指“保护”，以免遭受危险、伤害等。Were doing whatever we can to protect our environment from pollution. 在体育运动中，defend 和 guard 均指“防守”。the Murphys law 墨菲定律Newtons third law 牛顿第三定律Archimedes principle

18、 阿基米德定律Paretos principle 帕累托法则（二八定律）Butterfly Effect 蝴蝶效应 catfish effect 鲶鱼效应 我们读到的“定律”、“原理（原则）”和“效应”principle principle n C 原理；原则 the basic idea that a plan or system is based on：Excellent customer service should be our guiding principle. C & U 道德准则；行为准则 a moral rule or belief about what is right a

19、nd wrong, that influences how you behave：I refuse to lie about it; its against my principles. Shed never ask to borrow money, on principle. C（机器等的）工作原理；（自然界的）定律；法则 a general or scientific law that explains how sth works or why sth happens：Archimedes principleArchimedes principle阿基米德定律它是流体静力学的一个重要原理，

20、它指出，浸入静止流体中的物体受到一个浮力，其大小等于该物体所排开的流体重量，方向竖直向上并通过所排开流体的形心。这结论是阿基米德首先提出的，故称阿基米德定律。阿基米德（公元前287年公元前212年），古希腊哲学家、百科式科学家、数学家、物理学家、力学家，静态力学和流体静力学的奠基人，并且享有“力学之父”的美称。阿基米德和高斯、牛顿并列为世界三大数学家。阿基米德曾说过：“给我一个支点，我就能撬起整个地球。”principle 语义网络图 原理；原则（基本义）（机器等的）工作原理；（自然界的）定律 道德准则；行为准则行为的基本原则事物运作的科学原则in principle 理论上；原则上：I ag

21、ree with it in principle but I doubt if it will happen in practice. 大体上；基本上：We agree with it in principle but we still need to discuss the details. contrast 词源解读contrast 由 contra “against” + stare “to stand” 构成，即“相对而站进行比较”。contrast vt & vi (使) 形成对照；(使) 形成对比：In his book, the writer contrasts good wit

22、h evil.His actions contrast sharply with his promises. n C & U 差异；对比；对照：the economic and social contrasts between the poor and the rich by / in contrast 相比之下：By contrast, Mrs Young was much more outsopken. in contrast with / to 与对比；与相反：In contrast to his wife, Bush has little appetite for foreign tr

23、avel.make a contrast with 与形成对比：The white walls make a contrast with the black carpet.辨析compare: 侧重比较两个或更多东西的异同优劣，强调相同或类似之处，实际为求同而比较。Shakespeare compared the world to stage.contrast: 侧重比较两个或更多东西之间的差异，强调不同点。实际为求异之对比。Incontrast,thelivesofchildreninwell-to-do families were often very sheltered.行为抽象名词由动词派生而来的抽象名词叫作行为抽象名词。 写出下列动词的名词形式。vnengageimpressapprovesurviveintendpresentmotivateengagementimpressionapprovalsurvivalintentionpresentationmotivation用方框中