莫高窟 Mogao Caves 中英文介绍

1、5AGRADESCENICSPOTMogaoCavesPRODUCER:XINGXINENGLISHNAME:SISSINUMBER:26110032THECONTENTSRelevanceasatouristdestinationHistoryHeritageattributesSpecialLocalSnackAccommodationRelevanceasatouristdestinationTheMogaoCavesorMogaoGrottoes,alsoknownastheCavesoftheThousandBuddhas,formasystemof492temples25kmsou

2、theastofthecenterofDunHuang,anoasisstrategicallylocatedatareligiousandculturalcrossroadsontheSilkRoad,inGanSuprovince,China.ThecavesmayalsobeknownastheDunHuangCaves,however,thistermalsoincludeotherBuddhistcavesitesintheDunHuangarea,suchastheWesternThousandBuddhaCaves,andtheYuLinCavesfartheraway.Thec

3、avescontainsomeofthefinestexamplesofBuddhistartspanningaperiodof1,000years.北东西南Murals31ZThemuralsonthecavesspannedalongperiodofhistory,fromthe5thto/広、/“二乂一厂the14thcentury物馆；/居迂遗址./j7/Themuralsarelaa牙娥（画elyoI玉门关traditionaljmiythi阳关of/z,somBbweverareof:I/*AdistinctDunhuangtyle-NorthernWeiDynasty讒卑粵舊th

4、emes（传统（赞助人）庶遞不同的的敦煌风格）howeverbeganto_emeige（浮现）duringMuralsThemuralsonthecavesspannedalongperiodofhistory,fromthe5thtothe14thcentury.ThemuralsarelargelyofBuddhisttheme,somehoweverareoftraditionalmythicalthemesandportraitsofpatron.AdistinctDunHuangstylehoweverbegantoemergeduringNorthernHistoryThecon

5、structionoftheMogaoCavesnearDunHuangisgenerallytakentohavebegunsometimeinthefourthcenturyAD.AccordingtoabookwrittenduringthereignofTangEmpressWu,FokanJibyLiJunxiu,aBuddhistmonknamedLeZunhadavisionofathouBauddhasbathedingoldenlightatthesitein366AD,inspiringhimtobuildacavehere.Thestoryisalsofoundinoth

6、ersources,suchasininscriptionsonasteleincave332,anearlierdateof353ADhoweverwasgiveninanotherdocument.HewaslaterjoinedbyasecondmonkFaliang,andthesitegraduallygrew,bythetimeoftheNorthernLiangasmallcommunityofmonkshadformedatthesite.MembersoftherulingfamilyofNorthernWeiandNorthernZhouconstructedmanycav

7、eshere,anditflourisheintheshort-livedSuiDynasty.BytheTangDynasty,thenumberofcaveshadreachedoverathousand.DuringtheTangDynasty,DunHuanghadbecamethemainhubofcommerceoftheSilkRoadandamajorreligiouscentre.AlargenumberofthecaveswereconstructedatMogaoduringthisera,includingthetwolargestatuesofBuddhaatthes

8、ite,thelargestoneconstructedin695followinganedictayearearlierbyTangEmpressWuZetiantobuildgiantstatuesacrossthecountry.ThesiteescapedthepersecutionofBuddhistsorderedbyEmperorWuzongin845asitwasthenunderTibetancontrol.Asafrontiertown,DunHuanghadbeenoccupiedatvarioustimesbyothernon-HanChinesepeople.Afte

9、rtheTangDynasty,thesitewentintoagradualdecline,andconstructionofnewcavesceasedentirelyaftertheYuanDynasty.IslamhadconqueredmuchofCentralAsia,andtheSilkRoaddeclinedinimportancewhentradingviasea-routesbegantodominateChinesetradewiththeoutsideworld.DuringtheMingDynasty,theSilkRoadwasfinallyofficiallyab

10、andoned,andDunHuangslowlybecamedepopulatedandlargelyforgottenbytheoutsideworld.MostoftheMogaocaveswereabandoned,thesitehoweverwasstillaplaceofpilgrimageandusedasaplaceofworshipbylocalpeopleatthebeginningofthetwentiethcenturywhentherewasrenewedinterestinthesite.HeritageattributesThecaveswerecutintoth

11、esideofacliffwhichisclosetotwokilometerslong.AtitsheightduringtheTangDynasty,thereweremorethanathousandscaves,butovertime,manyofthecaveswerelost,includingtheearliestcaves735cavescurrentlyexistinMogao,thebest-knownonesarethe487caveslocatedinthesouthernsectionofthecliffwhichareplacesofpilgrimageandworship248caveshavealsobeenfoundtothenorthwhichwerelivingquarters,meditationchambersandburialsitesforthemonks.Thecavesatthesouthernsectionaredecorated,whilethoseatthenorthernsectionaremostlyplain.Thecavesareclusteredtogetheraccordingtotheirera,withnewcavesfromanewdynastybeingconstructedindifferentpart