地铁信号系统ATC系统

1、ATC System OverviewATC 系统概要Description and Introduction 说明与简介Designed for: Operation and Maintenance Managers培训对象： 操作和维护经理Duration: 1 Day培训时间： 1天Prerequisites: Training in applicable Rules and Procedures前提条件： 参与过适用规则及程序的培训Course Objectives 课程目标After completing this course a student will be able to:在

2、完成本课程培训后，学员将可以：Give an overview of the system and subsystem hardware structure对系统和子系统硬件结构有一个整体认识Describe the inter-relationships of the various assemblies and modules了解不同部件和模块的相互关系Describe preventive and corrective maintenance, including methods used for both Level 1 and Level 2了解预防性维护和安全纠正性维护 ，包括一线

3、和二线维护所使用的方法Describe in general terms the normal and failure management operations performed by Central Control and Train Operators使用常用术语描述由中央调度员和列车司机执行的正常管理操作和故障管理操作Course Outline 课程提纲Lesson 1.ATC Overview第一课ATC 概要Lesson 2.Central Equipment第二课中央设备Lesson 3.Wayside Equipment第三课轨旁设备Lesson 4.On-Board Eq

4、uipment第四课车载设备Lesson 5.Maintenance第五课维护Lesson 6.Operations Overview第六课操作概要Warning 警告Warning警告Rule books, operations manuals, bulletins or special notices which are more restrictive in the operation of the ATC system take precedence over the material covered in this course.在 ATC 系统运行中，规则手册、操作手册、公告牌及特

5、别通告较本课程中涉及的材料更为严谨，应以前者为准。Acronyms 缩写Acronyms:缩写：ACBAxle Counter Block ACB计轴区段ACEAxle Counter Evaluator ACE计轴评估器APAccess Point AP接入点ATCAutomatic Train Control ATC列车自动控制ATOAutomatic Train Operation ATO列车自动运行ATPMAutomatic Train Protection Manual ATPM列车人工自动防护ATSAutomatic Train Supervision ATS列车自动监控COCen

6、tral Operator CO中央调度员DCSData Communication System DCS数据通信系统DSUDatabase Storage Unit DSU数据储存储单元EBEmergency Brake EB紧急制动ESBEmergency Stop Button ESB紧急停车按钮FLMDFirst Line Maintenance Device FLMD一线维护设备Acronyms 缩写Acronyms:缩写：LMA Limit of movement Authority LMA 移动授权限制LRU Line Replaceable Unit LRU 线路可替换单元MA

7、U Movement Authority Unit MAU 移动授权单元MCCS Safe Control and Command MCCS 安全控制命令MEI Electronic Interlocking Module MEI 电子联锁模块MPU Main Processor Unit MPU 主处理单元MRU Mobile Radio Unit MRU 移动无线单元MTTR Mean Time To Repair MTTR 平均故障修复时间NCT Train Non-Communicating Tracked Train NCT列车 非通信跟踪的列车OBRU On-Board Radio

8、 Unit OBRU 车载无线单元PICC Peripheral Interface Communications PICC 外设接口通信和控制 and ControlPMI Poste de Manoeuvre Informatis PMI 计算机联锁 (Computer Interlocking) PPU Peripheral Processor Unit PPU 外设处理器单元Acronyms 缩略语Acronyms:缩略语：RMFRestricted Manual Forward RMF 限制人工前行RMRRestricted Manual Reverse RMR 限制人工倒车SAMM

9、aintenance Aid System SAM 维护辅助系统SCOMOperation and Communication Module SCOM 运行和通信模块SLMDSecond Line Maintenance Device SLMD 二线维护设备TITransponder Interrogator or TI 查询应答器或列车完 Train Integrity 整性TOTrain Operator TO 列车司机TODTrain Operator Display TOD 列车司机显示屏TZTransition Zone TZ 转换区VOBCVehicle On-Board Cont

10、roller VOBC 车载控制器WMWash Mode WM 洗车模式WRUWayside Radio Unit WRU 轨旁无线单元WSPWayside Signalling Protection WSP 轨旁信号防护ZCZone Controller ZC 区域控制器ATC Overview ATC 概要Lesson 1.第一课ATC OverviewATC 概要Phase 1 description:第一阶段说明：A fixed block wayside signalling control system固定闭塞的轨旁信号控制系统Trains operate under the re

11、sponsibility of the Train Operator based on signal indication and wayside signs列车司机根据信号机指示负责控制行车The PMI provides safe train separation based on ACB occupancyPMI 根据 ACB 占用情况给出安全行车间隔The ATS provides routing commandsATS 发出进路命令ATC Overview ATC 概要Train separation:列车间隔：At least one unoccupied block (two r

12、ed signals) separates trains列车间至少间隔一个未占用的区段（两个红色信号机）An equipped train in WSP mode EBs if it passes a red signal如果列车通过一个红色信号机，则列车处于 WSP 模式紧急制动Block区段Block区段Block区段Block区段Permissive aspect容许信号显示Stop aspect停车信号显示Travel Direction行车方向ATC Overview ATC概要Positioning:定位：Position of the train is established b

13、y the VOBC in RMF and WSP modes using transponders installed on the guideway and data from on-board devices (speed sensors and accelerometers)在 RMF 模式及 WSP 模式下，VOBC借助安装于轨道上的应答器及来自车载设备（速度传感器和加速度计）的数据信息来确定列车的位置。 The VOBC will have a guideway database containing permitted speeds, locations of transpond

14、ers and signals, etcVOBC 会有一个轨道数据库，包含许可速度、应答器位置及信号机等信息ATC Overview ATC概要Positioning:定位：Train establishes position after detecting two consecutive Type A transponders在检测到两个连续应答器后，列车确定位置Once position is established, the VOBC adjusts its position each time it detects a transponder一旦确定位置，VOBC 每检测到一个应答器就

15、会调整其位置Between transponders, the trains position is determined using the speed sensors在二个应答器之间，列车通过速度传感器来确定位置Operations continue if only one transponder is not detected如果只有一个应答器未被检测到，则列车继续运行ATC Overview ATC概要Positioning:定位：The VOBC EBs WSP mode trains if:如果出现以下情况， VOBC 在WSP 模式产生紧急制动 ：The actual dista

16、nce between transponders (using guideway database) differs from the measured distance (using speed sensors) by more than the tolerance应答器之间的实际距离（通过轨道数据库获知）与测量的距离（通过速度传感器测量获知）不符，且超出了容限Two consecutive transponders are not detected连续有两个应答器未被检测到An unexpected transponder is detected意外检测到应答器ATC Overview A

17、TC概要Central中央Trackside轨旁On-Board车载1. ATC Overview ATC概要道岔、站台门、紧停按钮、信号机、计轴区段道岔、站台门、紧停按钮、信号机、计轴区段应答器以太网Tier层级Subsystem子系统Safety level安全级别Management管理层ATSATSNon-vital非安全Operations运行层Zone Controller区域控制器Vital安全Activation激活层VOBCVital安全Activation激活层DCSNon-vital非安全Levels of control:控制级别：1. ATC Overview ATC

18、概要Quiz:小测试：In Phase 1 at least one unoccupied _ _ _ _ _ (two red signals) separates trains. 在第一阶段，列车间至少间隔一个未占用的_ _ _ _ _ （两个红色信号机间）How many transponders must the train detect before it can establish position? 列车必须检测多少个应答器，才可以确定其位置？1. ATC Overview ATC概要Summary:小结：Train separation列车间隔Train positioning

19、列车定位ATC block diagramATC 框图1. ATC Overview ATC概要2. Central Equipment 中央设备Lesson 2.第二课Central Equipment中央设备CentralTrackside轨旁On-Board车载2. Central Equipment 中央设备中央道岔、站台门、紧停按钮、信号机、计轴区段道岔、站台门、紧停按钮、信号机、计轴区段以太网应答器Automatic Train Supervision:列车自动监控：A non-vital system that provides the Central Operator with

20、 a human machine interface是一个向中央调度员提供人机接口的非安全系统。Provides a graphical display of trains and guideway elements提供列车和轨道构成的图形显示2. Central Equipment 中央设备Automatic Train Supervision:列车自动监控：The ATS Control Centre is located in a building close to North Xi Zang Road stationATS 控制中心位于靠近西藏北路站的大楼中Local ATS equi

21、pment is located in equipment rooms at stations containing with zone controllers本地 ATS 设备放置于拥有区域控制器的各个车站的机房中2. Central Equipment 中央设备Automatic Train Supervision functions:列车自动监控功能：Receive positional and status reports from each train接收每辆列车的位置和状态报告Monitor and display the health status of ATC componen

22、ts监控和显示 ATC 设备的状态Send route requests to the zone controllers for each train对于每辆列车都向区域控制器发送进路请求Collect data for management reports, maintenance and operational analysis采集数据，用于管理报告、维护和运行分析Record events (i.e. data logging)记录事件（即数据记录）2. Central Equipment 中央设备Automatic Train Supervision functions:列车自动监控功

23、能：The ATS is supervisory in natureATS 的本质作用就是进行监控Any commands from the ATS to trains, switches or other vital subsystems will never compromise safety从 ATS 发送到列车、道岔或其他重要子系统的所有命令都不会危及安全。The vital subsystems prevent any unsafe actions from being performed重要的子系统不会执行任何不安全的操作。 2. Central Equipment 中央设备The

24、 main components of the ATS equipment are:ATS 设备的主要组成：ATS Server computersATS 服务器计算机ATS workstationsATS 工作站Dataloggers数据记录器Network Management computers网络管理计算机Printers打印机Rear Projection Interface背投接口Certificate Authority认证授权Data Recorders数据记录器Training/simulation server+ workstation培训/模拟服务器+ 工作站Schedu

25、le Compiler 时刻表编辑器2. Central Equipment 中央设备ATS server computers:ATS 服务器计算机：There are two servers有两台服务器If the “active” server fails the system automatically switches to the “standby” server如果“主用”服务器出现故障，系统会自动切换到“备用”服务器Both servers are connected to the Wayside Ethernet Backbone Network两台服务器都连接到轨旁以太网骨干

26、网2. Central Equipment 中央设备ATS workstations:ATS 工作站：Central operator interacts with the ATC system via the workstations中央调度员通过工作站与 ATC 系统实现人机接口Interface is menu and mouse driven界面是由菜单组成并可由鼠标进行操作 Workstation operator must log on and enter a valid access ID and password before gaining access to command

27、s调度员必须登录并输入一个有效的访问 ID 及密码才可有权使用命令Remote workstations provide system status at some stations, the depot and the test track (the ATS workstation from the test track shows only the test track)远端工作站提供在一些车站、车辆段和试车线的系统状态（试车线的 ATS 工作站仅显示试车线） 2. Central Equipment 中央设备Dataloggers:数据记录器：These PCs log all alar

28、ms, events, and CCO commands这些 PC 记录所有报警、事件和 CCO 命令2. Central Equipment 中央设备Network management computers:网络管理计算机：These PCs are used to monitor the status of all devices of the Data Communication System这些 PC 用于监控数据通信系统所有设备的状态 2. Central Equipment 中央设备Printers打印机：Used to print reports用于打印报告A colour A3

29、 laser printer and is used to draw the train graphs detailing train performance彩色 A3 激光打印机，用于绘制显示列车性能详细信息的列车图 2. Central Equipment 中央设备Rear projection interface:背投接口：Used to interface with the rear projection display, in order to display the status of all subsystems用于与背投显示屏接口，以显示所有子系统的状态Provides the

30、 systems related information of the main line 提供正线系统相关信息2. Central Equipment 中央设备Certificate authority:认证授权：This PC manages and distributes the required information to the security devices 该 PC 管理和分发安全设备所需信息2. Central Equipment 中央设备Data recorders:数据记录器：These PCs are used to register all network mess

31、ages这些 PC 用于记录所有网络信息2. Central Equipment 中央设备Training/Simulation server + workstation:培训/模拟服务器 + 工作站：These PCs are used, together with the VOBC+wayside simulator, for the simulation /training 这些 PC 与 VOBC+轨旁模拟系统共同用于模拟/培训2. Central Equipment 中央设备Schedule compiler:时刻表编辑器：This PC is used for creating a

32、nd modifying schedules 该 PC 用于创建和修改时刻表2. Central Equipment 中央设备Quiz:小测试：Which of the following is not an ATS function? 下列哪一项不属于 ATS 的功能？a.Monitor and display the health status of ATC componentsa. 监控和显示 ATC 设备的设备状态b.Send route requests to the zone controllers for each trainb.对于每辆列车均向区域控制器发送进路请求c.Dete

33、rmine Limit of Movement Authority for trainsc.确定列车移动授权限制d.Collect data for management reportsd.采集数据，用于管理报告2. Central Equipment 中央设备Summary:总结：ATSATS equipmentATS 设备2. Central Equipment 中央设备3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Lesson 3.第三课Wayside Equipment轨旁设备Central中央TracksideOn-Board车载3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备

34、道岔、站台门、紧停按钮、信号机、计轴区段道岔、站台门、紧停按钮、信号机、计轴区段轨旁应答器以太网Zone Controller (ZC):区域控制器（ZC）：Controls switches and performs interlocking functions based on routing requests received from the ATS控制道岔，并根据从 ATS 接收的进路请求执行联锁功能Provides status of wayside devices to ATS向 ATS 提供轨旁设备状态3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备ZC PMI:Superv

35、ises and controls:监督和控制：Wayside signals轨旁信号机Switches道岔Supervises:监督：Platform screen doors站台屏蔽门Floodgate doors防淹门Platform emergency stop buttons站台紧急停车按钮Axle counter blocks计轴区段3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备PMI consists of:PMI 包括：Electronic Interlocking Module (MEI)电子联锁模块（MEI）Watchdog relay rack, also calle

36、d CDG Relay Rack看门狗继电器机架，也称作 CDG 继电器机架Operation and Communication Module (SCOM)运行和通信模块（SCOM）Maintenance Aid System (SAM)维护辅助系统（SAM）3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备MEI moduleMEI 模块Each MEI consists of two Safe Control and Command (MCCS) racks每个 MEI 包括两个安全控制和命令（MCCS）机架3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备MCCS:Both MCCSs

37、 receive the status of field devices (e.g. switches, signals, ACBs)两个 MCCS 接收现场设备（如道岔、信号机、计轴区段）状态信息Both MCCSs communicate with SCOM两个 MCCS 都与 SCOM 进行通信Both MCCSs are active (one is primary and one is secondary)两个 MCCS 都激活（一个主用，一个备用）Each MCCS contains two industrial PCs (one master and one slave)每个 M

38、CCS 都包含两台工业PC（一台主机，一台辅机）Each MCCS contains MIRETs that house up to 16 I/O boards每个 MCCS 都包含 MIRET，容纳多达 16 块 I/O 板卡3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备主用备用主机主机辅机辅机Watchdog Relay Rack:看门狗继电器机架：In case of a failure or a disagreement between the two MCCSs, the Watchdog Relay Rack disconnects一旦出现故障，或两个MCCS 出现不一致，看门

39、狗继电器机架就会断开以下连接All outputs of the failed MCCS有故障的 MCCS 上的所有输出Power supply for the failed MCCS有故障的 MCCS 上的电源3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Operation and Communication Module (SCOM):运行和通信模块 （SCOM）：Consists of industrial PC hardware, an optical fiber Ethernet network and application software running in a Wind

40、ows NT environment包括工业 PC 硬件、光纤以太网及运行在 Windows NT 环境中的应用软件Configured as a redundant hot standby配置为冗余热备系统Performs some operation and maintenance functions such as alarms management and data recording执行一些运行和维护功能，如报警管理和数据记录Acts as a bridge between the MEI and external subsystems such as the ATS 用作 MEI

41、和外部子系统（如 ATS）间的桥梁3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备MCCS and SCOM:MCCS 和 SCOM：3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备SAM:Consists of a PC, keyboard and mouse located in the SCOM rack位于SCOM机架中，由一台PC机、键盘和鼠标组成。 Communicates with SCOM and allows the operator to access archived data or to play back与 SCOM 进行通信并允许操作员读取存档的数据或进行回放3

42、. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Wayside Data Communication System:轨旁数据通信系统：Wayside radios/Access Points (APs)轨旁无线单元/接入点（AP）Wayside antennas轨旁天线3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Data Communication System:数据通信系统：The DCS conveys information between the following devices:DCS 在以下设备间传输信息：ATS and ZCsATS 和 ZCATS and VOBCATS

43、 和 VOBC3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Wayside Radio Units (WRUs)/Access Points (APs):轨旁无线电单元（WRU）/接入点（AP）：Transmit/receive information between trains and other subsystems在列车和其他子系统间发送/接收信息Strategically located such that at any point on the guideway a train is capable of communicating with at least two WRUs

44、WRU可以战略性的分布，只要保证列车在轨道上的任一点可至少与两台WRU进行通信即可 Housed in a weather protective enclosure装于箱内3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备接入点（轨旁无线电）单向天线指向左天线（2）的同轴电缆单向天线指向右左天线水平覆盖区域右天线水平覆盖区域AP1AP2AP3AP4AP5AP6ZCZCPlatform A站台 APlatform B站台 BPlatform C站台 C3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备AP1AP2AP3AP4AP5AP6ZCZCP

45、latform A站台 APlatform B站台 BPlatform C站台 C3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Wayside antennas:轨旁天线：Elevation-mount model QD-2402装置型号 QD-2402Provided with a quick mount U-bracket for ease of installation and tilt mast mount option for wide area coverage提供快速安装 U 型支架以便于安装，并提供倾斜桅杆安装选件以实现较大的覆盖范围Mounted on masts on

46、the guideway or on structures at stations 安装于轨道桅杆上或车站的建筑物上3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Transponders (tags):应答器（信标）：Devices located on the track bed 安装于道床上的无源设备Type A (Positioning) tagsA 型（定位）信标Pairs of two specially coded tags are used for wheel calibration专门有两对特殊号的信标用于车轮校准Type B tagsB 型信标Signal B-tags信

47、号机 B 信标Route B-tags进路 B 信标3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Type A transponders:A 型应答器：Used to establish train position用于确定列车位置When a train goes over a transponder it receives a message which identifies the transponder当一辆列车驶过应答器，它会收到一条标识应答器的消息3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Type B transponders:B 型应答器：Same as Type A

48、 except they are powered externally via wires与 A 型应答器相同，只是 B 型应答器通过电线实现外部加电Signal B-tags信号机 B 信标Associated with wayside signals与轨旁信号机相关联An equipped train in WSP mode EBs if it passes a red signal如果一辆列车驶过一个红色信号机，则列车处于 WSP 模式紧急制动Train must detect a permissive Signal B-tag before WSP mode becomes avail

49、able在可以切换到 WSP 模式前，列车必须检测到一个允许信号机 B 信标Route B-tags进路 B 信标Installed in the approach to switches安装于接近道岔的前方Indicate whether turnout speed of 25 km/h is required (i.e. switch is in turnout position)指示是否需要侧向速度（即道岔位于侧向）3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Signal locations:信号机位置：Entry/exit to transition zones转换区的入口/出口

50、Switches道岔Entry/exit to stations车站入口/出口On approach to floodgate doors接近防淹门3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Interlocking signals:联锁信号机：Found at switch locations安装于道岔区May also be interlocked with the status of wayside devices (e.g. platform doors and platform emergency stop buttons)也可与轨旁设备的状态联锁 （如站台门和站台紧急停车按钮

51、）Can display one of four aspects:有以下四种显示：Green Proceed with normal speed (i.e. switch is in tangent position)绿色 以正常速度行车（即道岔处于正向位置）White Proceed with reduced speed (i.e. switch is in turnout position)白色 减速行车（即道岔处于侧向位置）Red and White This is known as a “Call On” aspect and indicates the train can proce

52、ed in RM mode only红色和白色 这叫“引导”信号显示，指出列车只能以 RM 模式运行Red Stop红色 停车3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Some interlocking signals are found at axle counterlocations and can display one of two aspects:在一些计轴位置安装一些联锁信号机，有以下二种显示：Green Proceed 绿色 继续行车Red Stop红色 停车3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Repeater signals are installed a

53、s necessary to “repeat”the indication of a main body signal and can display one oftwo aspects:复示信号机用以“复示”主体信号机，有以下二种显示：Green Displayed when the main signal is showing a green or white aspect绿色 当主信号机显示绿色或白色信号时，复示信号机显示为绿色Yellow Displayed when the main signal is showing a red or Call On aspect黄色 当主信号机显

54、示红色或引导信号时，复示信号机显示为黄色3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Depot signals:车辆段信号机：Depot signals are not controlled by the ATC system but by the Depot interlocking车辆段信号机是由车辆段联锁系统而不是 ATC 系统控制Blue Prohibitive蓝色 禁止White Permissive白色 许可Yellow/Double Yellow Permissive黄色/双黄 许可3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Axle Counter Blocks (

55、ACBs):计轴区段（ACB）：Sections of the guideway are split into blocks线路轨道可分成区段Trains enter and leave a block by passing over axle counter heads列车驶过计轴磁头就视为进入及离开一个区段Signals from these heads are counted and the block occupancy is determined by the Axle Counter Evaluator从这些计轴磁头发出的信号被“计数”，由计轴评估器来确定区段的占用The bloc

56、k occupancy status is then reported to the ZC区段占用状态就会报告给 ZC3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Axle counter head:计轴磁头：3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Axle Counter Evaluator (ACE):计轴评估器（ACE）：ACE RackACE 机架EAK enclosure boxEAK 接线箱3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Platform Emergency Stop Buttons (ESB):站台紧急停车按钮（ESB）：Two ESBs are

57、located on each platform of each station每个车站的每侧站台上都装有两个紧急停车按钮A third ESB for each platform is located in the Station Control room每个站台的第三个 ESB 安装于车站控制室The three ESBs are connected in series to provide one status per platform这三个 ESB 串联连接，为每个站台提供同一个状态When an ESB is activated当一个 ESB 被激活时The platform ent

58、ry signal will not display a permissive aspect站台入口信号机就不会显示允许信号The platform exit signal will not display a permissive aspect站台出口信号机就不会显示允许信号3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Train departure indicator display:列车发车指示器：A device connected to the network连接到网络上的设备Used to provide the TO with a countdown to the sched

59、uled departure用于向 列车司机 提供计划的列车发车倒计时There is one display located at each end of each platform, for a total of four train departure indicators每个站台的每一端都有一个显示器，总共有四个列车发车指示器3. Wayside Equipment 轨旁设备Floodgates:防淹门：PMI receives status of floodgatesPMI 接收防淹门状态信息The floodgate doors are normally open防淹门正常状态为打

60、开In Phase I, the closing of the floodgate doors will be handled manually and external to the ATS and PMI在第一阶段，需要手动关闭防淹门，且防淹门属于ATS 和 PMI 的外部设备When the PMI detects that a floodgate door is no longer fully open and locked, the PMI prevents the signal which controls train approach to the floodgate door