高鸿业版西方经济学名词中英对照

1、Absolute advantage 绝对优势Absolute income hypothesis of consumption 绝对收入消费理论Acceleration principle 力口速原理Action lag政策时滞Active deposit 活期存款Adaptive expectation 适应性预期Adverse selection 逆向选择Aggregate analysis 总量分析Aggregate demand 总需求Aggregate demand curve 总需求曲线Aggregate supply 总供给Aggregate supply curve 总供给曲

2、线Allocation of resources 资源配置Antitrust law反托拉斯法Arc elasticity 弧弹性Asset资产Asymmetric information 信息不对称性Auctioneer 拍卖人Automatic stabilizer 自动稳定器Autonomous planned investment 自主投资Average cost平均成本Average fixed cost平均固定成本Average product 平均产量Average propensity to consume 平均消费倾向Average propensity to saving

3、平均储蓄倾向Average revenue 平均收益Average total cost 平均总成本Average variable cost 平均可变成本Balance of international payment 国际收支平衡Balanced of budget 平衡预算Balanced budget multiplier 平衡预算乘数Balanced-output 均衡产出Bank reserves银行准备金Barter物物交换Base year 基年Black market 黑市Bonds债券Breakeven point收支相抵点Budget deficit 预算赤字Budget

4、 surplus 预算盈余Budget line 预算线Built-in stabilizers 内在稳定器Business cycle 经济周期Business fluctuation 经济波动Capital 资本Capital deeping 资本深化Capital market 资本市场Capital widening 资本广化Capital-output ration 资本产出比Cardinal utility theory 基数效用论Cartel卡特尔Central bank中央银行Checking account 支票账户Classical economics 古典经济学Clear

5、ing market 市场出清Coase theorem科斯定理Cobweb model蛛网模型Collusion 串谋Commercial bank商业专艮行Common resource 公共资源Common stock普通股票Comparative cost theory 比较成本说Comparative static analysis 比较静态分析Compensated budget line 补偿预算线Competition 竞争Competitive market 竞争性市场Complement goods 互补品Complete information 完全信息Condition

6、 for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件Condition for efficiency in production生产的最优条件Constant cost industry 成本不变行业Constant returns to scale 规模收益不变Consumer price index 消费价格指数Consumer sovereignty 消费者统治Consumer surplus 消费者乘U余Consumer preference 消费者偏好Consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡Consumption demand 消费需求Consumpti

7、on function 消费函数Contract curve 契约曲线Corporate income tax 公司所得税Corporation 公司Cost function成本函数Cost-benefit analysis 成本收益分析Cost-push inflation成本推动的通货膨胀Cournot model古诺模型Credit信贷Cross price elasticity of demand 需求的交叉价格弹性Crowding out挤出效应Cyclical unemployment 周期性失业Decreasing cost industry 成本递减行业Decreasing

8、returns to scale 规模收益递减Deflation通货收缩Demand需求Demand curve需求曲线Demand for money 货币需求Demand function 需求函数Demand price需求价格Demand schedule 需求表Demand-pull inflation需求拉动的通货膨胀Depreciation 折旧Depression 萧条Derived demand 弓 I 致需求Devaluation 贬值Differentiated oligopoly industry 差另1J寡头行业Diminishing returns边际报酬递减Dis

9、count rate 贴现率Discounting 贝占现Discretionary 相机抉择Discretionary fiscal policy 斟酌使用的财政政策Disequilibrium 非均衡Disinvestment 负投资Disposable personal income 可支配收入Distribution 分配Distribution theory of marginal production边际生产率分配论需求向下倾斜规律Durable goods双头垄断Dynamic analysis 动态分析Dynamic models 动态模型Easy money policy扩张

10、性货币政策Economic development 经济发展Economic efficiency 经济效率Economic growth 经济增长Economic man 经济人Economic model 经济模型Economic profit 经济利润Economic rent经济租金Economic stabilization 经济稳定政策Economics of information 信息经济学Economies of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box埃奇沃斯盒Effective demand 有效需求Effects of fiscal policy 财政政策效果Ef

11、fects of monetary policy 货币政策效果Efficiency 效率Elastic demand有弹性的需求Elasticity 弹性Elasticity if demand 弹性需求Endogenous growth 内生增长Endogenous variable 内生变量Engels curve恩格尔曲线Engels law恩格尔定律Entrepreneur 企业家Entrepreneurship 企业家才能Envelope curve 包络曲线Equation of cost 成本方程Equation of exchange 交易方程Equilibrium 均衡Equ

12、ilibrium growth 均衡增长Equilibrium of capital market 资本市场的均衡Equilibrium output 均衡产出Equilibrium price 均衡价格Equilibrium quantity 均衡数量Euler theorem 欧拉定理Excess reserve超额准备金Excess reserves ratio 超额准备金率Exchange 交换Exchange contract curve 交换的契约曲线Exchange rate 汇率Exclusion principle 排他性原则Existence of general equi

13、librium 般均衡的存在性Exogenous variable 外生变量Expansion path 扩展线Expectation 预期Expected utility 期望效用Expenditure method 支出法Explicit cost显性成本Export 出口External diseconomies 夕卜部不经济External economies 夕卜部经济External effects or externalities 外部影响（外在性）Factor demand要素需求Factor demand curve 要素需求曲线Factor demand curve of

14、firm 厂商对要素的需求曲线Factor demand curve of market 市场对要素的需求曲线Factor market要素市场Factor supply要素供给Factors of production 生产要素Federal reserve system 联邦储蓄体系Final goods最终产品Financial derivatives 金融彳行生品Financial market 金融市场Firm厂商Fiscal budget财政预算Fiscal policy财政政策Fiscal restrain 财政紧缩Fixed cost固定成本Fixed exchange rat

15、e 固定汇率Fixed input不变投入Flexible exchange rate 浮动汇率Flow流量Foreign exchange 夕卜汇Foreign trade对外贸易Foreign trade multiplier 对外贸易乘数Free rider搭便车者Free trade自由贸易Frictional unemployment 摩擦性失业Full employment 充分就业Full employment budget surplus 充分就业预算盈余Functional finance 功能财政Future期货Galloping inflation奔腾的通货膨胀Game

16、theory 博弈论GDP deflator国内生产总值平减指数General equilibrium 一般均衡General equilibrium position 一般均衡状态Giffen goods吉芬商品Gini coefficient 基尼系数Golden rules of economic growth 经济增长的黄金率水平Government expenditure multiplier 政府支出乘数Government purchase 政府购买Government regulation 政府管制Gross domestic product 国内生产总值Gross inves

17、tment 总投资Gross national product 国民生产总值High-powered money 高能货币Hyperinflation超级通货膨胀h-o model h-o 模型ideal output理想的产量identity between saving and investment储蓄-投资恒等式imperfect competition不完全竞争implicit cost隐性成本imports 进口impossibility theorem 不可能定理income收入income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求的收入弹

18、性income method 收入法income theory 收入理论income velocity of money 货币的收入流通速度increasing cost industry 成本递增行业increasing returns to scale 规模收益递增index number 指数indifference curve 无差异曲线indirect taxes 间接税individual analysis 个量分析induced investment 弓 I 致投资industry 行业inefficiency of monopoly 垄断的彳氐效率inelasticity缺乏弹

19、性inferior good 抵档品inferior goods 劣等品inflation通货膨胀innovation 创新input投入input-output 投入-产出input-output analysis 投产出分析inside lag内在时滞instrument of fiscal control财政政策工具instrument of monetary control货币政策工具monetary policy tool 货币政策工具insurance 保险interest 利息interest rate 禾U率interest rate elasticity elasticity

20、 利率弹性intermediate cycle 中周期intermediate goods 中间产品international division of labor国际分工inventory investment 存活投资investment 投资investment demand 投资需求investment function 投资函数investment multiplier 投资乘数investment taxes credit 投资税抵免invisible hand theorem 看不见手定理involuntary unemployment非资源失业is curve is 曲线is-l

21、m analysis is-lm 分析isocost line等成本线isoquant line 等产量线Keynesian economics凯恩斯经济学Keynesian revolution 凯恩斯革命Keynesian trop凯恩斯陷阱Keynesianism凯恩斯主义Keynes s law凯恩斯定律Kinded demand curve 弯折的需求曲线Laspeyres formula拉斯拜尔公式Labor劳动Labor theory of value 劳动价值论Laissez faire 自 由放任Land 土地Land price 土地价格Law of diminishing

22、 marginal utility边际效用递减规律Least-cost production 最低成本生产Liabilities 负债Life cycle hypothesis 生命周期假说Life cycle hypothesis of consumption 消费的生命周期假说Liquidity preference 流动性偏好Liquidity trap流动性偏好陷阱Lm curve lm 曲线Long cycle长周期Long run 长期Long run consumption decision 长期消费决策Lorenz curve洛伦兹曲线Lottery ticket 彩票Low

23、inflation温和的通货膨胀Luxury奢侈品Macroeconomics宏观经济学Marginal cost边际成本Marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本Marginal efficiency of capital 资本边际效率Marginal efficiency of investment 投资的边际效率Marginal product 边际产量Marginal productivity 边际生产率Marginal propensity to consume 边际消费倾向Marginal propensity to save 边际储蓄倾向Marginal rat

24、e of substitution of commodities 边际商品替代率Marginal rate of technical substitution边际技术替代率Marginal revenue 边际收益Marginal revenue product 边际收益产品Marginal tax rate 边际税率Marginal utility 边际效用Market市场Market failure 市场失灵Market structure 市场结构Menu cost菜单成本Mercantilism重商主义Microeconomics微观经济学Misery index痛苦指数Mixed e

25、conomy混合经济Model模型Monetarism货币主义Monetary base基础货币Monetary illusion 货币幻觉Monetary policy 货币政策Monetary-fiscal policy mix 政策的混合使用Money货币Money markets货币市场Money multiplier 货币乘数Money supply货币供给Monopolistic competition 垄断竞争Monopoly 垄断Monopoly卖方垄断Monopsony买方垄断Moral hazard道德风险Moral suasion道义上的劝告Mortgage credit

26、 抵押贷款Multiplier 乘数Multiplier effect 乘数效应Multiplier theory乘数利率Multiplier-acceleration interaction乘数加速数相互作用Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡National income 国民收入Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural rate of unemployment 自然失业率Natural supply 自然供给Necessity必需品Net domestic product 国内净生产值Net exports 进出口Net investment 净投资New-clas

27、sic school 新古典学派New-classical growth model 新古典增长模型Nominal GDP 名义 GDPNormal goods正常物品Normal profit正常利润Normative economics 规范经济学Okun S law奥肯定律Oligopoly寡头垄断Oligopoly market 寡头市场Open market operation 公开市场操作Opportunity cost 机会成本Optimality of general equilibrium 一般均衡最优性Optimum plant size最优生产规模Option期权Ordi

28、nal utility theory 序数效应论Outside lag外在时滞Paasschds formula 帕煦公式Parameter 参数Pareto criterion帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托最优Partial equilibrium 局部均衡Payment or expenditure 支出Perfect competition market 完全竞争市场Perfect elasticity 完全弹性Perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性Perma

29、nent income hypothesis 永久收入假说Permanent income hypothesis of income 永久收入消费假说Personal disposable income 个人可支配收入Personal income 个人收入Personal income tax 个人所得税Philips curve菲利普斯曲线Point elasticity 点弹性Positive economics 实证经济学Potential GDP 潜在 GDPPrecautionary demand 预防需求Preference 偏好Present value 现值Price dis

30、crimination 价格歧视Price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性Price elasticity of supply 供给的价格弹性Price expansion path 价格扩展线Price index价格指数Price rigidity 价格刚性Price stabilization 价格稳定Price theory价格理论Price-consumption curve 价格消费曲线Principal-agent 委托-代理Prisoner s dilemma 囚徒困境Private cost私人成本Private goods私人物品Producer

31、生产者Producer surplus生产者剩余Product differentiation 生产差另1JProduct function 生产函数Product markets 产品市场Production market产品契约曲线Production group 生产集团Production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线Productivity 生产率Profit利润Progressive tax 累进税Proportional tax 比例税Prosperity 繁荣Public choice公共选择Public debt 公债Public goods公共物品Pu

32、rchasing power parity 购买力平价Pure oligopoly industry 纯粹寡头行业Quantity equation of exchange 货币数量交易方程Quantity theory of money 货币数量论Quasi-rent 准租金Quotas配额Rate of rediscount policy 再贴现率政策Rational expectation 理性预期Rational man 理性人Real business cycle实际经济周期Real GDP 实际 GDPReal interest rate 实际利率Real wages实际工资Rec

33、ession 衰退Regressive tax 累退税Relative income hypothesis 相对收入假说Relative income hypothesis of consumption 相对收入消费理论Rent租金Rent-seeking 寻租Replacement investment 重置投资Reputation 信誉Required reserves or legal reserve 法定准备金Reserve准备金Reserve rate 准备率Revenue 收益Rigid price刚性价格Risk风险Risk averter风险回避者Risk lover风险爱好者

34、Risk neutral风险中立者Saving储蓄Say S law萨伊定律Scarcity 稀缺Second best 次优Security market 证券市场Service 劳务Short cycle 短周期Short run 短期Single rule 单一规则Social cost社会成本Social walfare function 社会福利函数Speculative demand 投机需求Supply-side economics 供给学派Stability of general equilibrium一般均衡的稳定性Stagflation 滞胀Staggered contra

35、cts 交错合同Static analysis 静态分析Static model静态模型Sticky price黏性价格Sticky wages黏性工资Stock股票Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀Structural unemployment 结构性失业Subprime lending crisis 次贷危机Subsidy 津贴Substitutes 替代品Substitution effect 替代效应Supply供给Supply curve供给曲线Supply curve of capital 资本供给曲线Supply curve of factor 要素供给曲线Supply curve of labor劳动供给曲线Supply curve of land 土地供给曲线Supply economics供给经济学Supply fu