高考第二轮复习之名词性从句

1、高考第二轮复习之名词性从句什么叫复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。从句通常是用关联词来引导的。在这里关联词还起联系从句和主句的作用。主从复合句（Complex Sentences）一、从句的种类：主语从句（Subject Clauses）1、名词性从句表语从句（Predicative Clauses）Noun Clauses宾语从句（Object Clauses）同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）2、定语从句（Attributive Clauses）3、状语从句（Adverbial Clause

2、s）二、常用的关联词1、从属连词 that（无词义）；whether是否；if假如，是否 although(though)虽然；because因为 when当时候；before在前；after在后 since既然，自从；as正如，尽管，一边，由于；while在期间 as soon as一就；as long as只要；as if好像2、连接代词 who, whom, which, what, whose3、连接副词 when, where, why, how4、关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that5、关系副词 when, where, why1、主语从句That

3、he will come and help you is certain.（that在句首不可省去，没有意义）What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is still unknown.It is clear that the water in this river has been polluted(it作形式主语)Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.2、宾语从句：I believe(that) he is hone

4、st. We must never think(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. （that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。）I wonder whether he will come or not.He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day. （whether常与or not连用，不能用if代替。）We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the

5、law will be punished.（ 如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，将从句后置。）3、表语从句：The problem is(that) they cant get here early enough. It looks as if its going to rain.Thats just what I want. The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker. That is why he didnt come to the meeting.4、同位语从句：I have no idea whe

6、n he will come back home.The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. （同位语从句说明其前面名词的具体内容，常用的名词如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought,question, order, fear, doubt, word, proof， belief, story等。）The news that he had landed on the moon

7、 spread all over the world.（that在从句中没有充当成分，也没有具体意思）比较：The news (which/that)he told us was not true.(that引导一个定语从句作told的直接宾语，它就是the news的意思。)what从句：what所引导的名词性从句，通常可以与定语从句转化，what相当于“先行词+引导词”。what在从句中有充当成分：主语、宾语、表语。He is satisfied that what must be done has benn done(=all that ,what作主语)He is no longer

8、what he was.（the person who, what作表语）She is ,what is called ,a living dictionary （the person who, what作主语）The police got to what was once an old school.（the place that , what作主语）He heared what sounded like a gunshot. （something that , what作主语）2013年高考真题：1. 【2013北京31】_ makes the book so extraordinary

9、is the creative imagination of the writer. A. ThatB. WhatC. WhoD. Which1. B。 本题考查主语从句。is之前为主语从句。从句中缺少主语指事物，故选what。That只起引导作用，不充当成分，排除；Who指人；不符合语境，排除；Which充当定语，起修饰作用，也不符合上下文的语境，排除。【句意】让这本书如此不同寻常的是作者富于创造的想象力。2. 【2013北京33】 Experts believe _ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessa

10、ry. A. whyB. whereC. thatD. what2. C。本题考查宾语从句。动词believe之后为宾语从句，从句陈述一个事实，结构完整，不缺少成分，故选用that。why作原因状语；where做地点状语；what作主语或宾语。【句意】专家们相信人们只在必须的时候购物就会浪费更少的食物。3. 【2013湖南28】. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. howB. thatC. whichD. where3. A。本题考查宾

11、语从句。动词tell之后为宾语从句，宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来，修饰形容词close用how，故选A。that, which和where都不能引导感叹句。【句意】千万不要让失败打击你，你可能不知道自己距离成功有多近。4. 【2013江西30】_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A. WhoeverB. WhateverC. WhicheverD. Wherever4. C。本题考查主语从句。主句谓语为will have to pay，之前为主语从句，根据句意， whichever“无论哪一个”，作定语，修饰one，故选

12、C。Whoever作主语；Whatever指物，不符合题意；Wherever指地点，作地点状语，也不符合语境。【句意】无论你们当中哪个人弄坏窗子都必须赔偿。5. 【2013山东30】Its good to know_ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. A. what B. whoseC. which D. that 5. D。本题考查宾语从句。动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中意思完整，也不缺少成分，故用that表陈述一件实事。what作主语或宾语；whose作定语；which作定语，后面一般接of结构。【句意】知道当我们外出时这

13、这些狗狗将会得到精心的护理是一件好事。6. 【2013陕西20】It remains to be seen the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. A. that B. which C. what D. whether6. D。本题考查主语从句。it作形式主语，真正主语为横线后的主语从句。从句中结构完整，因此排除代词B和C两项；“有待被观察”的事情应是不确定的事而不是表陈述，排除表陈述的that，选用whether“是否”。【句意】这项新出炉的委员会的政策能否实施还得拭目以待。7. 【2013四川6】 _ you

14、 said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A. When B. How C. What D. That7. C。本题考查主语从句。此句谓语动词为describes，之前的部分即为主语从句。从句中缺少谓语said的宾语，故选用代词what作said的宾语引导主语从句； that在名词性从句中不做成分，只表陈述的语气；而when和how为副词，只能做状语，不能作主干成分。【句意】你在会议上所说的话描述了公司一个光明的前途。8. 【2013天津15】 I want to tell you is the deep lo

15、ve and respect I have for my parents.A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What8. D。本题考查主语从句。主句谓语为is，之前为主语从句，从句中缺少动词tell的直接宾语，指事物，故填what；而which意为“哪一个”，that、whether只起引导作用，均不做成分。【句意】我想对你说的是我对父母亲的深深的爱和尊重。9. 【2013新课标I卷26】Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.A. whichB. whereC. howD. what9. D。

16、本题考查宾语从句。动词found后所接为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语指事物，故填上代词what。Which表示在确定范围里的选择；where和how只能作状语。【句意】警察们已经发现看起来就是那尊失踪的雕像。10. 【2013浙江16】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A. how B. that C. which D. whether10. B。本题考查同位语从句。belief后所接的从

17、句对其内容进行解释说明，故为同位语从句，that表示陈述一个事实，所以答案B正确。how如何；which哪一个；whether是否；均不符合语境。【句意】通往最高水平的成功之路就是拥有坚定的信念：在运动场上你比任何人都更棒。11. 【2013重庆28】. _struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.A. That B. It C. What D. Which11. C。本题考查主语从句。主句谓语动词was之前为；主语从句中缺少主语指事物，故使用代词what；that表陈述，不做成分；which表示在确定范围内进行选择，译为“哪一个”。【句意】这部电影让我最感动的地