初中英语语法八大时态归纳总结

1、中学英语语法八大时态 一一般现在时 1. 结构 确定句式 : 主语+动词原形 /动词的第三人称单数 +其他 否定句式 : 主语+（助动词） dont/doesnt +动词原形 +其他 一般疑问句式 : Do/Does+主语 +动词原形 +其他 简略回答 : 肯Yes,主语 +do/does 否No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式 : dont = do not doesnt = does not 例句： He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2. 用法

2、1）表示经常的,习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的副词连用； 常用的频度副词有： always,often, usually,seldom,never,sometimes, every week day, year, month , onceaweek,onSundays频. 度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词,助动词之后； 例如 : He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格,特点和才能等； 例如： All my family l

3、ove football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3表示客观真理,客观存在,自然现象；例如： The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按方案或支配好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来； 但只限于 start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take plac等e ； 例如： The tr

4、ain leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将 来要发生的动作； 例如： Ill tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二一般过去时态 1. 结构 确定句式 : 主语+动词过去式 +其他 否定句式 : 主语+（助动词） didn t动+词原形 +其他 一般疑问句式 :

5、Did+ 主语+动词原形 +其他 简略回答 : 肯Yes,主语 +did 否No,主语 +did not 基本结构 否定句 一般疑问句 第 1 页 共 9 页 第 1 页,共 9 页Be 动词 was/were+not was/were 提前,放于句首 行为动词 didnt+do动词原形） Did+ 主语+do（动词原形） 2. 用法 1）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情形；常和表示过去的时间状语 yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before

6、 yesterday, last weekyear, night, month , at the age of 5, one day, onceupona t等 im连例如： Where did you go just now. After a few years, she started to play the piano. 2）表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作；常与 often,always 等表示频度的副词连用； 例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在大路上踢足球； 3）一般过去

7、式也可与 today,this week,this month,this year 等表现在的时间状语连用,但这些时间状 语须指过去的时间,决不包含 “现在 ”“此时此刻 ”的意思； 例如： Did you see him today.今日你观看他了吗？ 三一般将来时 1. 结构 结构 1： 确定句式：主语 +助动词 will+ 动词原形 +其他 否定句式：主语 +助动词 will+ 动词原形 +not+其他 一般疑问句式：助动词 Will+ 主语 +动词原形 +其他 简洁回答：在口语中, will 在名词或代词后常缩为 ,llwii not 常简缩为 won；t 在疑问句中,主语为第一人称时

8、（ I 和 we）时,常用助动词 shall； 例如： Shell go to play basketball. Shall we go to the zoo. 结构 2： 确定句式：主语 否定句式：主语 一般疑问句式： +be going to +动词原形 +其他 +be not going to +动词原形 +其他 Be+主语+going to+动词原形 +其他 简略回答：（肯） Yes,主语 +be 2. 用法 （否） No,主语 +be not 1）表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 tomorrow, next dayweek, month, year , soon, i

9、n a few minutes, by , the day after tomo等 rro连w例如： Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. 2）,表示说话人对于将来的看法,假设和估量,通常用于 等后面的从句或与副词 perhaps,possibly,maybe 等连用； 例如： I think she ll go back home for supper. Maybe she ll go to the gym. 将来时其他表示法 1）be going to 表示将来 第 2 页 共 9 页 be afraid, be/feel su

10、re, hope, know, think 第 2 页,共 9 页表示说话人的预备,方案,支配或依据迹象判定必定或很可能发生的事情； 例如： What are you going to do tomorrow. The playisgoing to beproduced next month； 留意： be going to 和 will 之间的区分； 在时间上： be going to 通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情；而 间,可以指遥远的将来； will 不指明任何具体时 He is going to be better. He will be better. 方案/临时：两者都表

11、示意图时, 考或方案,是临时的一种准备； be going to 含有预先方案,预备的意思； will 就指未经过预先思 What are you going to do next Sunday. will 就意指说 Im going to go fishing. Where is the telephone book. Ill go and get it for you. 两者都用于推测时, be going to 意指有迹象说明某件事将要发生,属客观的估量； 话人认为 /信任某件事将要发生,属主观的估量； 在条件状语从句中, be going to 表将来 ,will 表意愿； 例如： I

12、f you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. 2）“ beto+动词原形”表示客观支配或受人指示而将要做某事； 例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 3）be about to + 动词原形,意为马上做某事；不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间 状语连用,多于 when 引导的时间状

13、语连用； 例如： He is about to leave for Beijing. 四现在进行时 1. 结构： am/is/are+动词的现在分词 2. 用法： 1）表示现在 （指说话人说话时） 正在发生或进行的动作； 常与 now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days 等时间状语连用 ；注：假如句首有警示性动词 进行时连用； 例如： We are waiting for you now. Listen. The bird is singing in the tree. look,listen 等,主句的动词也与现在 2）.

14、表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内）,始终在进行的活动；说话时动作未必正在进行； 例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说；（说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状 态；） He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他始终在考虑这个问题； 3）.表示反复发生的动作或连续存在的状态,常与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用,往往带有说 话人的主观颜色； 例如： You are always changing your mind. 第 3 页 共 9 页 第 3 页,共 9 页4）.表示尚未

15、完成的渐变过程,这样的动词有： 例如： The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等； 5）,表示移位的动词,如 go,come,leave,start,arrive 等,其现在进行时可表将来； 例如： Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了； The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了； 注：不能用进行时态的动词 类别 举例 感官类 感觉 See,look,smell,hear,taste,noti

16、ce,feel 类 认知类 存 Love,agree,like,hate,want,fear,wish,prefer 在类 占有,Believe,think,understand,forget,remember 从属类 短暂 Appear,exist,lie,remain 动作类 Have,own,contain,belong,possess,consist of Accept,receive,admit,decide,promise,give,finish 五现在完成时 1. 结构： 确定句 ：主语 +助动词 have（has）+动词过去分词 -ed 否定句： 主语+助动词 have（has

17、）+nothaven t,hasn动词t过+去分 词 一般疑问句： HaveHas+ 主语 +动词过去分词 -ed+？ 特殊疑问 句： 疑问词 +havehas+ 主语 +动词过去分词 -ed+？ -ed 2. 用法 含义：现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系 说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在仍存在； , 也就是 1）现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 , 如 already, yet, just, before, recently, lately 等 Mr. Wang has just come back from America.王先

18、生刚从美国回来； I haven t seen much of him recently lately. We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet. 现在完成时中的时间状语： already 通常用于确定句中,意为已经,位于行为动词之 前 问句句尾,表示诧异； , be 动词,助动词之后；有时可放在 疑 例如： We have already cleaned the classroom. yet 用于疑问句中表示已经；用于否定句中,表示仍 Have you finished it already？

19、没； 例如： Hashefoundhiswatch ye？t 他仍没找到他的表吗？ No, not yet. 是, 仍没有； ever 意为曾经, 常用于疑问句或否定句中,位于助动词和过去分词之间,表示从过去到目前为止 的 时间； 例如： Haveyoueverbeen ther？e你曾经去过那里吗？ Nothing has ever happened here.这里未曾发生过什么事； ever 与否定词 never 意为（曾经）从未,没有 , 是否定副词,在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间； not 连用相当于 never；例如： 第 4 页 共 9 页 第 4 页,共 9 页I haven t

20、 everspoken to her. = I haveneverspoken to her我. 从未跟她讲过话； just 意为刚刚 , 用于现在完成时 , 表示行为刚刚过去 , 位于助动词与过去分词之间； e.g. Hehas just comeback from schoo他l. 刚从学校回来； just now 意为刚才 , 表示过去某时 , 用于一般过去时 , 位于句首或句尾均可； e.g. Hecame from school just now他 . 刚才从学校回来； for 和 since 的用法及区分； for 与一段时间连用, since 与时间点连用；留意： since 后

21、接过去时的 时间状语或过去时的句子； e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.I haven t seen her since she left Shanghai. I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her. have/hasgone t,ohave/hasbeen to 和 have/hasbeenin的区分； have/ has gone to 去了 ,在去某地的路上或在某地 , 人仍未回来 have/ has been to 曾经去过 , 人已经回来了 have/

22、 has been in 已经在 , 常与一段时间连用 e.g. She has been to Shanghai before.她以前曾去过上海； She has been in Shanghai for ten years.她在上海 10 年了； Has he gone to Qingdao.他去青岛了吗？但不能说 Have you gone to Qingdao. 2）,现在完成时仍可用来表示过去发生的动作始终连续到现在,常带有 for 或 since 等表示一段时 间的状语； 如： Mr Wang has lived here since 1983. I havent seen muc

23、h of him recently lately. We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet. 3）,现在完成时瞬时动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用； 常见终止性动词与连续性动词 或状态动词 的对应关系如下 : come / go / arrive / get / reach / move- be in/at open - be open die - be dead close - be closed become -beborrow - keep put on - wear buy -

24、 have leave - be away from begin / start - be on fall asleep - be asleep end/finish - be over catch a cold - have a cold join the army - be in the army, be a soldier join the Party- be in the Party , be a Party member 例：吉姆买这支已有两年了； Jim bought this pen two years ago.Jim has had this pen for two years

25、. Jim has had this pen since two years ago. Jim has had this pen since 2022 It is two years since Jim bought this pen. 4）.在表示 “最近几世纪 / 年/ 月以来 ”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时； in the past few years/months/weeks/day；s over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuri

26、es; throughout history 等 5）.表示 “第几次做某事, ”或在 “ It is the best worst, most interesting +名词 that ”后 面跟现在完 成时； 例： This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 第 5 页 共 9 页 第 5 页,共 9 页That is the only book that he has written. 6）have / has been to +

27、地点 意为 “曾去过某地 ”,暗含目前已不在该地仅表示当事人的一种经受而已； have / has gone to +地点 “到了某地去了 ”,暗含 “已离开原地去了某地 ”之意,但是否到达了某地尚不确 定； 如： He has gone to Shanghai.他去了上海； He has been to Shanghai.他去过了上海； 六过去完成时 1. 结构： 助动词 had动词过去分词 2. 用法： 1）,表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态；即发生的时间是过去的过去；常 与 “by the end of/by/before+ 过去时间 ”构成的短语连用； 例如： Th

28、e train had already left before we arrived. He said that he had learned some English before. By the end of last term, we had learned five English songs. 2）表示在过去某一动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作；常用 when,before,after 等引导的从句作为 动作发生时间先后的对比,先发生的动作用过去完成时,后发生的动作用一般过去时； When I got to the railway station, the train had alr

29、eady left. 当我到达火车站时,火车已经开走了 His father had worked in a TV factory for five years before he came here. 爸爸来这之前,在一家电视机厂工作了 5 年； 3）表示过去未曾实现的方案, 愿望等； 这种用法中常用的动词为 hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等； 例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.那时我们期望你能来,但是你没有来； I had thoug

30、ht that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢； 七过去进行时 1. 结构： was/were+动词的现在分词 -ing 2. 用法： 1）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作；动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时 间状语从句来说明,如： at this time yesterday ,at 7:00 yesterday , last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time 以 when 或 while 引导的时间状语从句等； My family were watching TV at that time yest

31、erday. When I arrived,Tom was talking on the phone. What wereyoudoing at 9:00oclockyesterdaymorning.留意：（1）以 when 引导的时间状语从句中,从句动作,主句用过去进行时,表示一个动作发生时, 另一个动作正在进行； 第 6 页 共 9 页 第 6 页,共 9 页When he called me , I was having dinner . （ 2）以 while 引导的时间状语从句中,从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行, while 常 译为“当 的时候,同时”； Tom was d

32、oing his homework while his sister was watching TV . 2）,表移动的动词,如 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 等词的过去进行时,可以表示过 去将要发生的动作； 例如： She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 八过去将来时态 表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作；但这个 将来 时间绝不会延长到现在；而仅限于过去时间 区域内； 由此可以看出, 含这个时态的句子常带一个表示过去某个时间点的状语； 这个状语或是一 个短语

33、,或是一个句子；这个时态常用于： 1.结构 awould/should+动词原形 bwas/were going to+动词原形 2. 用法 1）,表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态；常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句或间接 引语中； 例如： He said that he would finish his work before 9 o clock. 他说他会在九点之前完成工作； When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时,我想知道他们的反应是什么； 2）,表示过去的某种习惯性

34、动作,只能用 would； 例如： Whenever he has been in trouble, we would give him a hand. 每当他遇到困难时,我们总会伸出救济之手； 3）表示过去情形中的愿望,倾向,多用于否定句； No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多难,他总会坚持不懈地把它干完； They knew that we would never permit such a thing.他们知道我们绝不会答应发生这

35、样的事； Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在讲座终止之后,听众仍不愿离去； 选择 1. The population of the worldstillnow.（ 2022甘肃兰州） A. has; grown B. is; growing C. will; grow D. is; grown 2. -Good evening. I to see Miss Mary. （ 2022甘肃兰州） -Oh, goodevening. I m sorry, but sheis not in.A. have c

36、ome B. come C. came D. had come 3. It s time for dinner.Whereisyour father, Emma. Hehisbikein the yard. （ 2022新疆阜康） A. clean B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean 4. If you carefully, you thereportwell.（ 2022广州） A. will listen; will be understood B. will listen; understand C. listen; will understa

37、nd D. listen; understand 第 7 页 共 9 页 第 7 页,共 9 页5. They abouteighthundredEnglishwordsby the end of last term. （2022广州） A. will learn B. had learned C. are going to learn D. have learned 6. Howdid the accidenthappen.（2022广州） You know, it difficult to see the road clearly because it . A. was; was rain

38、ing B. is; has rained C. is; is raining D. will be; will rain 7. Attention, please. There a football game between China and Korea this evening. A. is going to be B. has been C. has D. will have 8. What does your sister like doing in her spare time？ She watching TV. （2022湖北武汉） A. likes B. liked C. ha

39、s liked D. had liked 9. When Jessy to New York ？ Yesterday. （ 2022湖北武汉） A. does; get B. did; get C. has; got D. had; got 10. Howclean the bedroom is. （2022湖北武汉） Yes, I am sure that someone it. A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned 11. My friendme. I have to leavenow.（2022河北） A. waits fo

40、r B. waited for C. is waiting for D. was waiting for 12.Besure to let Tom know the noticeassoonashe. 2022河北） A. will arrive B. was arriving C. arrives D. arrived 13. I the wrongthing.Can I useyoureraser.（ 2022河北） A. write B. wrote C. am writing D. will write 14. -Are yougoing to helpJohnwithhisChine

41、se this evening.-NO, He to England. He will be back next month. （ 2022山东威海） A. returned B. has returned C. returns D. will return 15. -Who s won the first prizein the competition.（ 2022山东烟台） -Henry . He has it for a week. A. is, won B. is, got C. has, had D. has, been given 16. -Is this the place th

42、at you.（ 2022四川成都） -No. I veneverbeenthere before. A. have visited B. will visit C. are visiting visit （2022江苏南京） 17. It outside.Youd better take anumbrellawith you. （2022江西） A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. has rained 18.-Can I helpyou.（ 2022江西） -I bought this watch here yesterday, but it work. A. wont B. didnt C. doesnt D. wouldnt 19. I used to love this filmwhen I wasyoung, but I it that wayany more. A. dont feelB. didnt feelC. havent felt D. hadnt felt 20.-Howwasyourtrip to the ancientvillage.（2022湖北宜昌） -Fantastic. We to a museum of strange stones. A. go B. went C. ar