分析年8月录屏argument

1、Argument第三讲-递进式递进式1.观点对比型2.问题解决型3.预测盈利型观点对比型特点：类似GRE阅读中的观点对比型文中有两个观点通过批判老观点，来提出新观点做题步骤1.找到新老观点2.做题思路：必须证明老观点是正确的论证：1）argument必须证明题目的结论（即新观点）是错误的2）但这一类观点的reason就是老观点是错误的，新观点是正确的3）所以推翻题目的reason: 即证明老观点是正确的48Medical experts say that only one-quarter of Corporas citizens meet thecurrent standards for ad

2、equate physical fitness, even though twenty years ago,one-half of all of Corporas citizens met the standards as then defined. Butthese experts are mistaken when they suggest that spending too much timeusing computers has caused a decline in fitness. Since overall fitness levels arehighest in regions

3、 of Corpora where levels of computer ownership are alsohighest, it is clear that using computers has not made citizens less physically fit.Instead, as shown by this years unusually low expenditures on fitness-relatedproducts and services, the recent decline in the economy is most likely thecause, an

4、d fitness levels will improve when the economy does.Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.71重中之

5、重，超级高频The following is a letter to the editor of the Waymarsh Times. Traffic here in Waymarsh is ing a problem. Although just three years ago a state traffic survey showed that the typical driving commuter took 20 minutes to get to work, the commute now takes closer to 40 minutes, according to the s

6、urvey just completed. Members of the town council already have suggested more road building to address the problem, but as well as being expensive, the new construction will surely disrupt some of our residential neighborhoods. It would be better to follow the example of the nearby city of Garville.

7、 Last year Garville implemented a policy that rewards people who share rides to work, giving them coupons for free gas. Pollution levels in Garville have dropped since the policy was implemented, and people from Garville tell me that commuting times have fallen considerably. There is no reason why a

8、 policy like Garvilles shouldnt work equally well in Waymarsh. Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument. 例题讲解The following is a letter to the editor of the Waymarsh Times. Traf

9、fic here in Waymarsh is ing a problem. Although just three years ago a state traffic survey showed that the typical driving commuter took 20 minutes to get to work, the commute now takes closer to 40 minutes, according to the survey just completed. Members of the town council already have suggested

10、more road building to address the problem, but as well as being expensive, the new construction will surely disrupt some of our residential neighborhoods. It would be better to follow the example of the nearby city of Garville. Last year Garville implemented a policy that rewards people who share ri

11、des to work, giving them coupons for free gas. Pollution levels in Garville have dropped since the policy was implemented, and people from Garville tell me that commuting times have fallen considerably. There is no reason why a policy like Garvilles shouldnt work equally well in Waymarsh. Write a re

12、sponse in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.问题：Traffic here in Waymarsh is ing a problem. Although just three years ago a state traffic survey showed that the typical driving commuter took

13、20 minutes to get to work, the commute now takes closer to 40 minutes, according to the survey just completed. 老观点：Members of the town council already have suggested more road building to address the problem, but as well as being expensive, the new construction will surely disrupt some of our reside

14、ntial neighborhoods. 新观点：It would be better to follow the example of the nearby city of Garville. Last year Garville implemented a policy that rewards people who share rides to work, giving them coupons for free gas. Pollution levels in Garville have dropped since the policy was implemented, and peo

15、ple from Garville tell me that commuting times have fallen considerably. There is no reason why a policy like Garvilles shouldnt work equally well in Waymarsh.宏观思路1.问题是否存在？从过去推将来，从现在推将来差异范围草率推广2.老观点是否一定不好？3.新观点有没有缺点？711. The author assumes that the situation he cited is not an usual case. 2. The aut

16、hor unfairly assumes that the current siutation will continue in the future. 3.The assumption that the proposed construction will surely disrupt residential neighborhood is unwarranted without any evidence. 4. The author fails to fully demonstrate the effectiveness of building new roads on solving t

17、he traffic problem.5.The author hastily assumes the causal relationship between implementing the policy and the drop of pollution levels in Garville. 6.Those people are representative of all Garville residents. 7. Implementing the policy similar to Garvilles will be equally effective inWaymarsh. 8.

18、Negative effects that may result from the proposed reward policy. 问题解决型问题解决型1.problem2.solution3.根本原因4.直接原因5.goal 问题解决型9 Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encourages students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega pro

19、fessors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by 30 percent. Potential employers looking at this dramatic increase in grades, believe that grades at Omega are inflated and do not accurately reflect students achievement; as a resul

20、t, Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should terminate student evaluation of professors.宏观思路The grades are inflatedThe evaluation of professors The low employment

21、of graduates compared with Aphal University The dramatic increase of grades问题直接原因根本原因2Terminate the evaluation措施To enable its graduates to secure better jobs 目的1345论证思路1.问题是否存在2.是不是根本原因造成直接原因3.是不是直接原因导致问题4.能否解决问题5.能否实现goalThe grade-average increase is the result of the evaluation procedure-rather th

22、an some other phenomenon.（ plete thought）考虑问题不完整Inflated grades are the only reason to explain the lower employment rate of Omega University graduates. （ plete information ）信息不完整The elimination of the evaluation will secure Omega graduates better jobs. 充分性TSLacking any evidence, the argument assumes

23、 unfairly that the grade-average increase is the result of the evaluation procedure-rather than some other phenomenon. (根本原因）Even if the evaluation is the cause of the grade increase, the author cannot falsely assume that the grade increase leads to the impression that grades are inflated without an

24、y evidence.Even if the evaluation procedure has resulted in grade inflation at Omega, without any evidence, the deans claim that grade inflation explains why Omega graduates are less successful than Alpha graduates in getting jobs is unjustified.Even if all of the assumptions above are true, the aut

25、hor could not reach the conclusion that the termination of the evaluation is the only effective way to solve the problem without providing any evidence.Finally, even if the dean can substitute all of the foregoing assumptions, failing to provide any evidence, the deans assertion that Omega must term

26、inate its evaluation procedure to enable its graduates to find better jobs without any negative effect is still unwarranted. （措施）Argument18The following is a memorandum from the business manager of a television station. Over the past year, our late-night news program has devoted increased time to na

27、tional news and less time to weather and local news. During this period, most of the complaints received from viewers were concerned with our stations coverage of weather and local news. In addition, local businesses that used to advertise during our late-night news program have canceled their adver

28、tising contracts with us. Therefore, in order to attract more viewers to our news programs and to avoid losing any further advertising revenues, we should expand our coverage of weather and local news on all our news programs.预测盈利类预测类1. 结论Should be quite popular and profitable2. 理由Reason 1 :群众很感兴趣Re

29、ason 2: 消费潜力很大Reason 3:尚未有人开发这个市场25. A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Currently, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, the proposed new jazz club in Monroe, the C-Note, would have the local market all to itself. Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Mon

30、roe: over 100,000 people attended Monroes annual jazz festival last summer; several well-known jazz musicians live in Monroe; and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is Jazz Nightly, which airs every weeknight at 7 P.M. Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan spends clo

31、se to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment.Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.预测盈利类25. “A jazz music club in Monroe would be a tremendously profitable enterprise. Curren

32、tly, the nearest jazz club is 65 miles away; thus, the proposed new jazz club in Monroe, the C-Note, would have the local market all to itself. (市场潜力) Plus, jazz is extremely popular in Monroe: over 100,000 people attended Monroes annual jazz festival last summer; several well-known jazz musicians l

33、ive in Monroe; and the highest-rated radio program in Monroe is Jazz Nightly, which airs every weeknight at 7 P.M.（群众兴趣） Finally, a nationwide study indicates that the typical jazz fan spends close to $1,000 per year on jazz entertainment.“(消费潜力大） 论证结构1. 有没有兴趣2.有没有消费潜力3.成本问题39. A recent sales study

34、indicates that consumption of seafood dishes in Bay City restaurants has increased by 30 percent during the past five years. Yet there are no currently operating city restaurants whose specialty is seafood. Moreover, the majority of families in Bay City are e families, and a nationwide study has sho

35、wn that such families eat significantly fewer home-cooked meals than they did a decade ago but at the same time express more concern about healthful eating. Therefore, the new Captain Seafood restaurant that specializes in seafood should be quite popular and profitable.Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence