宾语从句的知识

1、 宾语从句 the object clause 宾语从句命题趋势（中考）引导宾语从句的连词和代词的选择宾语从句的语序宾语从句的时态 重点和难点： 1. 由不同连接词引导的宾语从句 2. 宾语从句中的陈述语序 3. 宾语从句中时态的呼应 4. 宾语从句的 否定转移问题一: 什么是宾语?宾语表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象,常由名词或相当与名词的词担任,置于及物动词或介词后。I love you.I am fond of reading books in the sun.He bought me a pen.How is he getting along with his English

2、teacher?We keep it a secret.I will arrange my holiday as follows.问题二: 什么是宾语从句?在复合句中作宾语的从句就叫作宾语从句，放在及物动词,介词后面。作及物动词的宾语I think (that) your clothes fit well. He couldnt tell me where his home was.作介词的宾语He always pays attention towhatever the teacher says.He talked of how he helped the old man.宾语从句的三要素：

3、连接词陈述句语序时态呼应 引导词关系代词：what,which,who,whose,whom关系副词：when时间,where地点,why原因,how方式If/whether从属连词that从属连词 宾语从句的连接词当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导She was a good girl,the teacher told us.=The teacher told us that she was a good girl. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，构成宾语从句用whether/if(是否）连接，句尾的标点符号取决于主句。（在引导否定概念的宾语从句时只能用if)Eg. He asked me i

4、f I hadnt finished my work.Are you from Japan?he asked me.He asked me if/whether Im from Japan.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，连接词就用原来的疑问词，但从句一定要注意用陈述语序。When did he leave forJapan ?could you tell me?=could you tell me when he left for Japan? 语序宾语从句无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律要用陈述语序，即主语，谓语的顺序Do you know what Kates e-mail address

5、 is?He asked me whose book this is.The doctor asked me what was wrong. 时态呼应主句与从句时态一致若主句是现在的某种状态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，）那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。I remember he gave me a book yesterday.He has told me that he will leave for New York tomorrow.若主句是过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，）那么从句一定要用过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）He tol

6、d me that he would take part in the high jump.He asked me if I had taken his soap.注意若宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，即使主句是过去式，从句也用一般现在是。He told me that the earth goes round the sun.(真理）He said that YaoMing is much taller than him.（事实） 否定转移在主从复合句中，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，例如I dont th

7、ink he will come with you.I dont believe you are right.若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移 I hope it doesnt rain. 我希望不要下雨。 I hope you dont mind my saying it. 我希望你别介意我说这些话。 I dont remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语 having) Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange chara

8、cters on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。) 按英语习惯，anyone只能出现在否定词之后，不能出现在否定词之前。Dont tell anyone, will you? 你可不要告诉任何人哟。I dont know anyone at this party. 这晚会上我一个人也不认识。 I dont want to waste anyones time. 我不想浪费任何人的时间。比较下面的正误句：谁也不知道将来会发生什么事。Anyone doesnt know what will happen i

9、n the future. No one knows what will happen in the future. 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。如： The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。(否定状语) He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。(否定because状语) risttl She had not been married many weeks w

10、hen that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. 她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。(否定状语many weeks) 宾语从句的简化的 六种方法 方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide，wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。 Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We de

11、cided that we would help him. We decided to help him. 方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn，remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式

12、”结构。 Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？ 方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。 The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once. 方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其

13、他形式简化。 He insisted that he shouldgo with us. He insisted on going with us. The poor boy doesnt knowwhen and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the Time and the place of his birth. 方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。 Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping

14、 found a wallet lying on the ground. 方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。 It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。 I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well. Soon we found that the ground was

15、 covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy. I dont remember that I haveEver seen such a man. I dont remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人 宾语从句的连接词：类别 关联词 特 点. 从属连词that, whether/if只起连接作用，

16、不充当从句成分。.连接代词who, whom, what，which,whose起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语或宾语或定语.连接副词when, where, how，why起连接作用外，还在从句中充当状语。引导词引导词的作用例句That本身无意义，起连接作用，可省略He said(that)kate was good at swimming.What,which,who,whose,whom在从句中做一定的成分，如主语，宾语，定语等I dont know what they are going to do.When,where,why,how在从句中作状语Could you tell me

17、where you are from?If/whether是否，不做句子成分，但不能省略He asked me if Miss Wei is a teacher.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句:that无实际意义，不作句子成分，可以省略。1.他对我们说他不舒服。2.我知道他已经回来了。He told us that he felt ill.I know he has returned.有时宾语从句可以用引词it作形式宾语。He made it clear that he preferred to study English.I find it hard that we can finish

18、the work on time. 他明确地说他宁愿学英语。我发现我们能按时完成这项工作很难。由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句1. I wonder _. （他是否跟我们一起去公园）2. I dont know _. （是否要下雨）3.I wonder _ it doesnt rain. ( whether / if ) if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether it is going to rain or not注意：1. whetheror not是固定结构； 2.宾语从句是否定句，只能用if。if 1.Coul

19、d you tell me we get to the place? Ahow Bwhether Cwhere Dwhat 2.The teacher saysshe will leave a message on the headmasters desk. Aif Bwho Cthat Dwhat 3.I am not sure _ he will come tomorrow. A. that B. if C. what D. who 4.-Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. tha

20、t D. ifAC解题指导一：判断语义，选择连接词Exercises:BA5.Do you know how much hot water?AMum is neededBdoes Mum needCMum needs Ddid Mum need6.Can you tell me?Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is where Dwhat is he7.I want to know how long.Ahas he been backBhas he come backChe has been backDhe has come backCAC解题指导二：语序正常：连接

21、词后紧跟主语+谓语，即宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。8.I thought he _to see his mother if he _time.Awill gohasBwill go will haveCwould go would haveDwould go had9.Do you know?A. what the news areB. what is the newsC. what the news is D. what are the news解题指导三: 时态呼应若主句时态是现在时态，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定；若主句是过去时态，宾语从句的时态要用过去的某个时态，客观真理除外。8.

22、I didnt know how to London?Awould they goBare they goingCthey would goDthey are goingC注意一: I wish 后的宾语从句:翻译:1.我多希望我是一只小鸟。2.我希望我昨天能去看那场电影。3.我希望明年我就能大学毕业。(graduate)1. I wish (that) I were a little bird.2. I wish (that) I could have gone to see the movie yesterday.3. I wish (that) I could graduate from

23、 college next year.I wish.1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望,宾语从句中谓语动词形式为 were / did2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望,宾语从句中谓语动词形式为 had done 或 could/would have done3.表示与将来事实相反的愿望,宾语从句中谓语动词形式为 should/ would/might do注意二:在动词insist(坚持), order ,command (命令)advise, propose, suggest (建议),demand(要求), request, require (请求)等后面的宾语从句中谓语动词要用(should) d

24、o1.他坚持我们应该在9:00之前完成作业。2.经理要求每人每天要按时上班。3.老师建议我们每天早上听英语。Answers:1.He insisted that we (should) finish thehomework before 9:00.2.The manager demands that everyone(should) go to work on time every day.3.The teacher suggests that we (should)listen to English every morning.当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose

25、, expect等时，从句的否定要转移到主句中。I dont think she is right.我认为她不对。我相信他不会通过考试。注意三：否定转移I dont believe he will pass the exam. ExerciseThe radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return

26、) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk)I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be)Will begoeswere playinghave returnedhad beenwere doingtravelsAre talkingwere10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the ea