人教版初二(下)英语：unit10语法篇(教师版)

1、第 页/共16页Unit10语法篇学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。现在完成时for，since用法表示在过去开始一直延续到现在（可能延续下去）的动作或状态时，时间状语有：for（twoyears）,since1990，since（twoweeksago）和since引导的状语从句。女口：Ihavebeenawayfrommyhometownforthirtyyears.（我离开家乡有30年了）UncleWanghasworkedinthefactorysinceitopened.（自从这家工厂开张，王叔叔一直在那儿工作）口语中havegot往往表示hav

2、e（有）的意思。如:Theyhavegotthousandsofbooksintheirlibrary.（他们图书馆有上万本书）havebeento与havegoneto的区别:havegoneto（“已经去了”）表示人不在这里，havebeento（“去过”）表示人在这里。如:-WhereisMrLi?-HehasgonetotheUK.（李先生在哪里？他去了英国。）-DoyouknowsomethingaboutBeijing?Yes,IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.（你知道北京的情况吗？是的，我去过那里三次。）在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词（一次性动作）不能与表示一

3、段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表：瞬间性动词的完成时延续性动词或状态动词的完成时have(already)goneto.havebeenin/at.for(twoyears)hascometo.hasbeenheresince(1990)(had)left.(had)beenawayfrom.arrived.beenin.diedbeendeadbegunbeenonendedbeenoverbought.had.borrowed.kept.joined.beenin.或者使用下面这个句型：Itis/hasbeen+（多久）+since+主语（人）+

4、谓语（过去时）+过去时间状语注意在其它的时态中也存在类似问题，记住，关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。女口：HowlongmayIkeepthebook?（这本书我能借多久？）（句子中keep取代了borrow）1.Theyhavebeenfriendsovertenyears.A.sinceB.inC.forD.with解析：现在完成时中和一段时间连用的介词为for，故选C。2.Howlonghaveyouthebike?Forthreeyears.A.borrowedB.lentC.boughtD.had解析：在现在完成时中，和for，since连用的谓语应该是延续性动词而不是

5、为点动词，故选D。3.Hehaslivedherehewassixyearsold.A.sinceB.forC.whenD.from解析：引导现在完成时的时间状语时，for+一段时间，since+时间点或句子，故选A。RosecametoBeijingin2019.Shehereforeightyears.A.waslivingB.liveC.willliveD.haslived解析：因为是for引导一段时间，同时根据题意可知此题为一般现在时，故选D。didyourbrotherleavehome?Hefornearlyhalfanhour.A.When；hasleftB.When；hasbe

6、enawayC.Howlong；hasleftD.Howlong；hasbeenaway解析：在问句中因为leave是点动词，因此是问你弟弟什么时候离开家，故用when，第二个句子因为是和for引导的一段时间，故为现在完成时，同时谓语应该为延续性动词，故选B。基础演练一、单项选择（共10小题；共10.0分）Wevelivedhere2019.Soyouvelivedhereaboutfiveyears.A.since；forB.for；sinceC.for；forD.since；sinceMissGaohastaughtusEnglishtwoyears.Ihavebeenheretwoyea

7、rsago.A.since；forB.since；sinceC.for；sinceD.for；forJoe,myclosefriend,movedtoBeijingyearsago,andIhimsincethen.A.dontseeB.didntseeC.haventseenD.wontseeThetrainherefortenminutesalready.A.hasbeenB.hascomeC.hasstoppedD.hasgoneTheSmithscametoShanghaiin2019.Theythereforthreeyearssincethen.A.liveB.livedC.hav

8、elivedD.willliveImyhometownforalongtime.Ireallymissit!A.leftB.wentawayfromC.haveleftD.havebeenawayfromShethisbookfornearlythreeweeks.A.hasborrowedB.haslentC.hasboughtD.haskept8.Howisyourgrandfather?Oh,heforhalfayear.Iamsorrytohearthat.A.hasdiedB.diedC.hasbeendeadD.dies9.SamChinesesincehecametoChina.

9、HespeaksChinesewellnow.A.learnsB.learnedC.haslearnedD.willlearn10.Hurryup!Theplayfortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began二、翻译（根据中文提示完成句子）（共5小题；共5.0分）你做了多长时间的作业了?两个小时了。Howlongyouyourhomework?twohours.詹姆斯自从2019年就在北京做外教。JamesaforeignteacherinBeijing2019.这本书你已经借了一个星期了。请尽快还回来。Youthisbookforaw

10、eek.Pleasegiveitbackassoonaspossible.从2019年开始,他就离开了家乡。Heawayfromhishometown2019.他奶奶生病了，已经住院一个月了。Hisgrandmotherinhospitalforamonth.答案一、单项选择A2.C3.C4.A5.CD7.D8.C9.C10.C二、翻译（根据中文提示完成句子）have；done；Forhasbeen，sincehavekepthasbeen；sincehasbeenill巩固提高根据汉语意思翻译句子（每空一词）1.我还没有完成作业。Imyhomework.上周我妈妈去美国了，到现在还没有回来。

11、MymothertoAmericalastweek，andshebackyet.3你喂小狗了吗？喂了。我刚刚喂了它。youthelittledog?Yes，Iitjustnow.4他已经看了两个小时的电视了。HeTVfortwohours.5他离开家乡三年了。threeyearshelefthometown.Susan两个月前离开了学校。TwomonthsSusanleftschool.我去过北京两次了。IBeijingtwice.8.你读过小妇人吗？不，我还没有。youLittleWomanyet?No，.9你决定英语课要写的书了吗？youyetwhichbookaboutforEnglis

12、hclass?10.我选了金银岛，但是我还没有读完它。IchoseTreasureIsland，butIreadingit.haventfinished；yetwent；hasntcomeHave；fed；fedhasalreadywatchedIthasbeen；sincehaspassedsincehavebeentoHave；read；IhaventHave；decided；towritehaventfinished；yet一、用动词的正确形式填空1she(water)theflowersyet?2He(leave)thecountryandgonetoIndia.3Ihave(be)h

13、ereforthreemonths.4Ialready(buy)anewcar.5I(have)nonewsfromhimforalongtime.二、将下列句子改为现在完成时，每空一词6.Hecamebacktwohoursago.Hebacktwohours.7Shejoinedthemusicclublastweek.Shethemusicclubtwoweeks.8Theycameherein2019.Theyhere2019.9.Janeborrowedthebooklastmonth.Janethebooktwomonths.10.Tomboughtthecarin2009.Tom

14、thecar2009.1.Has；watered2.hasleft3.been4.have；bought5.havehad6.hasbeen；for7.hasbeenin；for8.havebeen；since9.haskept；for10.hashad；since、完型（171中学期中考试题）Youngpeopleareoftenunhappywhentheyarewiththeirparents.Theysaythattheirparentsdont1them.Theyoftenthinktheirparentsaretoostrictwiththem,andtheyarenevergiv

15、ena2hand.Parentsoftenfind3difficulttowintheirchildrenstrustandtheyseemtoforgethowtheythemselves4whentheywereyoung.Forexample,youngpeopleliketodothingswithoutmuchthinking.Itsoneoftheirwaysto5thattheygrowupandtheycandowithanydifficultthings.Olderpeopleworrymoreeasily.Mostofthemplanthingsaheadanddontli

16、ketheirplanstobechanged.Whenyouwantyourparentstoletyoudosomething,youwillhavebettersuccess6youaskbeforeyoureallystartdoingit.Youngpeopleoftenmaketheirparentsangrybyclothestheywant,themusictheyenjoyandsomethingelse.Butthey_7tocauseanytrouble.Theyjustfeelthatinthiswaytheycanbecutofffromtheoldpeopleswo

17、rldandtheywanttomakeanewcultureoftheirown.Andiftheirparentsdontliketheirmusicorclothesortheirmannerofspeech,theyoungpeoplefeelvery8.Sometimesyouevendontwantyourparentstosay“9”towhatyoudo.Youwanttostayathome10anddowhatyoulike.Ifyouplantocontrolyour11,youdbetterwinyourparentsoverandtrytogetthemtounder

18、standyou.Ifyourparentsseethatyouhavehighsenseofresponsibility，theywillcertainlygiveyoutherighttodo12youwanttodo.1.A.rememberB.cookmealsforC.understandD.know2.A.helpfulB.usefulC.freeD.strong3.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it4.A.thoughtB.wantedC.neededD.felt5.A.learnB.seeC.findD.show6.A.sinceB.ifC.becauseD.after

19、7.A.dontmeanB.meanC.dontlikeD.like8.A.lonelyB.unhappyC.interestingD.strange9.A.YesB.NoC.SorryD.Thatsright10.A.aloneB.lonelyC.evenD.though11.A.lifeB.workC.studyD.health12.A.thatB.whatC.howD.whenCCDDDBABAAAB二、单项选择31.Hi，guys.Whereareyouheadingnow?Home.Weallourmoney,sowehavetowalkhomenow.A.spendB.spentC

20、.havespentD.arespending32.IsJackathome?No，hethebookshop.Hethereafewminutesago.A.hasgoneto；wentB.hasgoneto；hasbeenC.hasbeento；wentD.hasbeento；hasgone33.ItisnoisyhereIcanthearyouclearly.A.very；becauseB.too；toC.very；thatD.so；that34.itrainedheavily，nooneinourclasswaslateforschool.A.BecauseB.EventhoughC.

21、AssoonasD.Until35.OurheadteacheroftenusEnglish.A.encourage；tolearnB.encourages；tolearnC.encouraged；tolearnD.encourages；learn36.Mr.GreenhislessonswhenIwentintohisoffice.A.preparesB.preparedC.ispreparingD.waspreparingYoulooktired.Youshouldbeoutforawalkworkingindoors.A.aheadofB.insteadofC.infrontofD.in

22、steadHowlonghaveyoulivedShenzhen?tenyears.in；Forin；Sinceat；Foron；SinceYouwontpasstheexambecauseB.ifIfyouwanttosucceedinyoustudyhard.unlessD.thoughthistest，youshouldworkhard.passB.topassHaveyoufinishedyourworkYes,Ivedoneit.already；yetC.yet；yetCouldIgoboatingthisweekend，Dad?Yes,you.ButyouC.passedD.pas

23、sing,Jane?B.yet；alreadyD.already；alreadycomebackbeforelunch.A.could；mustB.can；must43.Igetananswerfromhim，A.WhenB.While44.Intheexam，theyouare,carefully；littleC.morecareful；fewerC.could；shouldD.must；shouldIllringyouup.C.AssoonasD.Eventhoughthemistakesyoullmake.B.morecarefully；fewestD.morecareful；less4

24、5.Whydidntyouenjoythefilm?ItwasfilmthatIhadeverseen.themostinterestingtheleastinterestingmoreinterestinglessinteresting三、完形填空Mobilephonesarebecomingmoreandmorepopularnotonlywithgrown-upsbutalso46students.Meanwhile,theyalso47aproblemformiddleschoolsinthepastfewyears.SomechildrenhavegotmobilephonesasC

25、hristmasorbirthdaygifts,andmorewill48wantthem.ManylikeSMS（ShortMessageService）becauseitiseasyand49.Someparentsfelthappybecausetheycouldgetintouch50theirchildren.Someteacherssaidmobilephoneusewasadistraction（分心的事）tostudentsduringschoolhoursanditalsogavethemmuch51intheirclassrooms.Sometimesstudentsmig

26、htusephonemessagestocheat（作弊）duringexams.Anewstudyfoundthatsometeenagerswhosendmessagesinclassevenhurttheirfingersbecausetheycant52usingSMS.Manyteacherssuggestedthatstudentsshouldnothavephonesatschool,53iftherewasagoodreason,theycould54theirphonesatschooloffice.Manypeoplethinktheyunderstand55parents

27、wouldwanttheirchildrentohavethem,buttheyagreeschoolsshouldletthestudentsknowwhentheycanusetheirmobilephones.46.A.withB.ofC.forD.in47.A.becameB.hadbecomeC.havebecomeD.becomes48.A.stillB.yetC.alreadyD.just49.A.importantB.quickC.boringD.relaxing50.A.againstB.onC.withD.to51.A.businessB.troubleC.informat

28、ionD.problem52.A.stopB.keepC.continueD.decide53.A.andB.butC.thoughD.however54.A.missB.leaveC.lieD.take55.A.whetherB.becauseC.whyD.when四、阅读理解ALotsofpeoplemakeitastheiraimtogettothetopofMountEverest.Markisoneofthem.ThedifferencebetweenMarkandotherclimbersisthathelostbothhislegswhenclimbingNewZealandsh

29、ighestmountain,MountCook.Hewascaughtinabigiceholeandhehadtohavehislegscutbelowthekneesafterhewassaved.ButthatcouldntmakeMarkloseheart,whohasbecomethefirstpersonwithman-madelegstoreachthetopofMountEverest.Fromthetopoftheworldshighestmountain,Markcalledhiswifetosayhemadeit.Hiswife,Annegotthephonewhens

30、hewassleeping.Shecouldnthearhimclearlyonthephone.Shewasunabletosaywhenhereachedthetopbutthoughtitwasaroundmidday.Shealsosaidhislegsdidntworkwellsometimes，soherhusbandwascarryingasparelegandrepairtools.Markusedtobeamountainguidebeforehisaccident.Hesaiditwasnotimportantthatnoonelikehimhadeverreachedth

31、e8850-metermountain.Imnotdoingthistobethefirst.IhavebeenclimbingmostofmylifeandIjustfeelMountEverestisreallyagreataim.IwanttosendamessagethatIcandoanythingbetter.WhatwasthedifferencebetweenMarkandotherclimbers?Hewentmountain-climbingwithhiswife.Heclimbedmountainswithman-madelegs.Hewasthefirsttoclimb

32、MountEverest.Hewasthebestguideoftheworld.MarkswifethoughtitwasA.noonB.morningC.midnight58.WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderinMarksstory?onMountEverestwhenMarkreacheditstop.eveningLosingbothofhislegs.Workingasamountainguide.FallingintoaniceholeonMountCook.ReachingthetopofMountEverest.cabdB.cadbMar

33、ksstorymakesusbelievethatheisapoliteB.braveMarktoldusthathecaredmuchabout_C.bcadD.bacdman.C.kindD.cleverbeingthefirstclimbinghigherkeepinghealthybeingaguideBJustlikeanyrelationship，bestfriendshipsdependontrust，promise，respectandinterests.Whenanyoftheseelements（要素）ismissing,thefriendshipwillbehardtog

34、oon.Ifthetrustistotallybroken,youmaynotbeabletoforgivehim/her.Sometimesafriendshipendsbecauseeitheryouoryourfriendgetstiredofputtingtheheartintoit.Thiscanhappenwhenoneofyoufindsanewfriendorevenanewhobbythattakesupmuchtime.Or，perhapsyoufindtherelationshipisalwaysgoinginanunhealthywayandyouwantsomedis

35、tance.Othertimes，yousimplychangeandwanttoleaveeachother.Sure，itseemssadatthetime，butitscompletelynormal.Notallfriendshipsaremeanttolastforever.So，whatshouldyoudoifsomethinglikethishappenstoyou?Readonforsomefriendlyadvice.Whateverthereasonyourebreakingupwithyourbestfriend，alwaysrememberthathe/shewaso

36、ncesuperimportanttoyou.Takethetimetositdownprivatelyandtellhim/herwhatsgoingonandwhy.Dontsendhim/heranunpleasante-mailorjuststartignoring（不理睬）him/her.Infact,maybehe/shehasknowntheresaproblemandwouldbewillingtohaveaheart-to-heartchat.Ifyourenotsureaboutwantinganendforever，youcouldsuggestyoutwotakeabr

37、eakfromeachother.If，afterawhile，yourealizewhyyoubecamethebestfriendsinthebeginning，youcantrygettingbacktoyourformerbehaviors.Whateveryoudo，behonestaboutyourfeelingswhilehavingrespectforhis/hers.AndifyoubothagreetheBFFthingisover,makesurenottobeenemies.WhatisNOTtheusualcauseofendingafriendship?Gettin

38、gtiredofputtingyourheartintoeachother.Findinganewhobbythattakesupmuchtime.Realizingtherelationshipgoinginanunhealthyway.Livingtoofarawayfromeachother.TheunderlinedlettersBFFprobablymeans.A.永远的朋友B.永久的隔阂C.终结的友谊D.暂时的误解Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?FourBasicElementsofFriendshipFriendlyAdviceonRead

39、ingWhattoDowithFriendshipinTrouble?WhentoBeFriendsorEnemies?Whatshouldyoudowhenbreakingupwithyourbestfriends?Rememberhisorheroncebeingimportanttoyou.Trytohaveaheart-to-heartchatwithhimorher.Behonestandrespectfultoeachother.Sendanunpleasante-mailandignorehimorher.Suggestnotgettingalongwitheachotherfo

40、rawhile.A.1234B.2345C.1345D.1235Growingkidsneedsleep，asdopeopleofallages.Indeed，researchshowsthathealthandsafetybothsufferwhenwetrytogetbywithtoolittleshuteye.Soitsfortunatethatourbodiesdosuchagoodjobofwarninguswhenitstimetohitthesack.Likehumans，otheranimalsalsotaketimeouttorest.Youveprobablyseenali

41、ondozingatthezoo，ormaybewatchedourdogsnoozeawaylyinginitsbed.Infact，sleepisanecessityforeveryanimalthatseverbeenstudied.Howlonganimalssleep，though，varieswidely.Elephantsandgiraffessleeponlyabout2to4hoursaday，whilebatsmaynodoffforupto20hours.Duckssleeptogether，andthebirdsontheedgeofthegroupsleepwitht

42、heoutsideeyeopenandhalfoftheirbrainawakeprobablytokeepwatchingwhiletheotherhalfoftheirbrainsnoozes.Somebirdsmayevensleepwhileflying.Thefactthatallanimalsmaketimeforsleeping，evenunderverydangeroussituations，suggeststhatsleepisveryimportant.Andindeed，somefactssuggeststhatsleepisimportantforlearningand

43、formingpermanentmemories.Butsleepmayalsobeprimarilyawayforanimalstosaveenergyandstayoutofharm.Thismayhelpexplainwhymeat-eatingcreaturessleepmorethanherbivores，whichareanimalsthatliveonlyonplants.Herbivores，likecowsandzebras，needtospendmoretimesearchingforandgrazingonfoodthanmeateatersdo，suchaslionsa

44、ndotherbigcats.Soabigcatmightbebetteroffsleepingforawhileafteriteats，ratherthanprowlingaroundandriskinginjury.Butthatsjustaguess.Scientistsneedtostudyotheranimalsaswellbeforetheycanfullyunderstandthebenefits（好处）ofsleepandknowwhichbenefitsaremostimportantforaparticularspecies（物种）.Onethingiscertain:en

45、oughsleepisimportanttohealthandlearning.Sogiveinwhenastrongwishtosleephits，andcatchplentyofZZZs.Theunderlinedphrasetohitthesackmeans.A.toeatsomethingB.todrinksomethingC.togetupD.togotosleepFromthelastparagraph,wecaninfer.enoughsleepmayimproveyourlearninginclassifyoufeelsleepyinclass，youcanfallasleep

46、immediatelyyouareeasytogiveinifyouhaveplentyofsleepifyouhaveastrongwishtosleep，youareperhapsillWhichofthefollowingisNotTrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Differentanimalssleepindifferentways.Sleepmaysaveenergyandstayoutofharm.Scientistshavestudiedthebenefitsaboutsleep.Animalsalsoneedtohavetimetorest.Themai

47、nideaofthepassageisabout.whereanimalsfindaplacetosleephowanimalssleepintheopenairwhyanimalsneedsleepwhenanimalsfeelsleepy五、短文7选5Jimwasabookseller（书商）.Hedidntlikepaying（付钱）foranything.Oneday,abigboxofbooksfellonhisfoot.Gotoseethedoctor.saidhiswife.No.hesaid.thenIllaskhimaboutmyfoot.IfIgotoseehim,Illh

48、avetopayhim.Thenextday,70.WhenJimwasgettingthemready,hetoldthedoctorabouthisbadfoot.Thedoctorcheckeditover.Yes.saidthedoctor,71.Howmucharethebooks?saidthedoctor.$2.answeredJim.Good.saidthedoctor.72.Why?askedJiminsurprise.Itoldyouaboutyourfoot.saidthedoctor.73.Goodbye.youmustputthatfootinhotwaterever

49、ynightIwant$2forthatIshallnotpayyouanythingIllwaituntilthedoctorcomestotheshopnexttimethedoctorcametotheshopandboughtsomebooks六、阅读与表达（问答式）Today，rollerskatingiseasyandfun.Butalongtimeago，itwasnteasyatall.Before1750，theideaofskatingdidntexist.ThatchangedbecauseofamannamedJosephMerlin.Merlinsworkwasmak

50、ingmusicalinstruments.Inhissparetimehelikedtoplaytheviolin.JosephMerlinwasamanofideasanddreams.Peoplecalledhimadreamer.OnedayMerlinreceivedaninvitationtoattendafancydressball（化妆舞会）.Hewasverypleasedandalittleexcited.Asthedayofthepartycamenear，Merlinbegantothinkhowtomakeagrandentranceattheparty.Hehada

51、nidea.Hethoughthewouldgetalotofattentionifhecouldskateintotheroom.Merlintrieddifferentwaystomakehimselfroll.Finally，hedecidedtoputtwowheelsundereachshoe.Thesewerethefirstrollerskates.Merlinwasveryproudofhisinventionanddreamedofarrivingatthepartyonwheelswhileplayingtheviolin.OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewasastonishedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadnowaystostophisrollerskates.Herolledonan