初中宾语从句及练习题

1、宾语从句概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。结构：主句+连词(引导词)+宾语从句。主要内容：1.由that引导的宾从：当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句)，连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。例句：LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.(林涛觉得他自己的队伍越来越好了。)Hesaid(that)hewouldliketolookafterhismother.(他说他想去照顾他的妈妈。)在带有复合宾语的结构中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。例句:

2、Ithinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone.(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)(3)在主句为动词be加某些形容词(如sorry,sure,afraid,glad，pleased，happy等)作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。例句：我们确信我们队会赢这场比赛。Weresure(that)ourteamwillwin.(4)有些介词，如at,with,expect等，可带that引导的宾语从句。2.if/whether引导的宾语从句当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if),因为if/whether翻译成：“是

3、否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略。Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if可以替换。例句：Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试.在以下情况下，whether和if不可以替换：在whetherornot结构中不能用if替换。例句：Idontknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.我不知道那个电影明星是否回来。在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导。例句：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.所有的事情取决于我们是否拥有足

4、够的时间。和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.例句：Wedecidedwhethertowalkthere.我们决定是否走过来。在动词后面的宾语从句时例句：Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingnextweek.我们讨论是否在下周开运动会议。有些形容词，如sure等，可用whether引导从句，不用if.例句：Wearenotsurewhethertheywillcomeornot.我们不能肯定他们是否会来。3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)或连接副词(when,where,how,why)引导，因为

5、连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。例句：Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?你知道他刚才说了什么吗？Idontrememberwhenwearrived.我不记得我什么时候到的。Idontknowwhyhelookssosad.我不知道他为什么看起来如此悲伤。IaskedhimwhereIcouldborrowsomuchmoney.我问他我从那儿可以借到这么多钱。Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.请告诉我，我必须去看谁。CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHaina

6、n?你能告诉我们飞到海南要花费多少吗？Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?你能告诉我们你多久去国外度一次假？二、时态如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，(包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等)。例句：我知道他住在那里。Iknowheliveshere.我知道他十年前就住在那里了。Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.我已经听说他明天会来。Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时，过去进行时

7、)，那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。我知道谁住在那里。Iknewhelivedhere.我看见她正在跟她妈妈谈话。Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.他说他已经见过她了。Hesaidthathehadseenher.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。老师说太阳围绕着地球转动。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.否定前移若主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose

8、,expect,imagine等后面宾语从句的否定要前移。例句：Idontthinkhewillcomewithyou.我觉得他不会和你一起来的。宾语从句的反义疑问句：(1)主句主语为第一人称谓语为suppose,think,believe,expect,imagine等词，与从句保持一致，并且要注意否定转移谓语为其他动词，与主句保持一致Isupposefatherssleeping,isnthe?Idontthinkyouareright,areyou?IsaidthatIwouldcomebacksoon,didntI?主句主语为其他称，与主句保持一致Hesaidhewantedtogot

9、othezoo,didnthe?四宾语从句的虚拟语气“wish”后的宾语从句，虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态一律用“were”，宾语从句中的“that”通常可以省略。（a）表示对现在事实的假设愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时。主语+wish+从句（主语+过去式+.）IwishIwereasyoungasyou.（真希望我能和你一样年轻。）HowIwishitwerentraining!（现在要是不下雨该多好啊！）（b）表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时。主语+wish+从句（主语+had+过去分词+.）IwishIhadbeenherelastnight.（我要是昨

10、晚在这儿就好了。）Hewisheshehadntspentsomuchmoney.（他后悔不该花那么多钱。）IwishIhadlearnedmore.（我多么希望我以前多学一些啊！）（c）表示对将来的不太可能实现的愿望，从句谓语用过去将来时。主语+wish+从句（主语+would/could/might+动词原形）IwishIcouldflytothemoononeday.（我希望有一天可以飞到月球上去。）Howshewisheshereyeswouldseeagain!（她多么希望双眼能重见光明啊！）wish&hopewish+从句，表示的是很难不可能实现的愿望，从句必须用虚拟语气。hope

11、+从句，表示的是有可能实现的事实，从句不能用虚拟语气。e.g.Hewisheshissonwouldwinthecompetition.他真希望他的儿子在竞赛中能够获胜。（可惜获胜不了）Hehopesthathissonwillwinthecompetition.他希望他儿子在竞赛中能够获胜。（有可能获胜）表要求、建议、命令的宾语从句一个坚持（insist）两个命令（order,command）三个建议（suggest,propose,advise）（）2.WedontknowItissaidthathewasborninCanada四个要求（ask,demand,require,reques

12、t）在这些动词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用（should）+do（动词原形）。在这类句型中只能用should，不可以用would，could，might等别的词代替。而在现代英语中，should常被省略。特殊：动词insist和suggest后接宾语从句时若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气。insist坚持要求；suggest建议若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。insist坚持认为；suggest表明，认为e.g.HeinsistedthatIhadreadhisletter.（他坚持说我看过他的信。）HeinsistedthatI（sh

13、ould）readhisletter.（他坚持要我看他的信。）Hesuggestedthatwe（should）stayfordinner.（他建议我们留下吃饭。）Hisfacesuggestedthathewasangry.（他的脸色表明他生气了。）wouldrather后的宾语从句wouldrather引导的的宾语从句，表示“宁愿、宁可”，语气较为委婉。wouldrather/wouldsooner/hadratherthat过去发生过去完成时现在发生一般过去时将来发生一般过去时Iwouldratheryouhadntsaidit.（我真希望你没有这样说过。）Iwouldratherweh

14、adarestnow.（我希望我们现在休息一下.）Iwouldratheryoumetherattheairporttomorrowmorning.（但愿你明天早上能在机场见到她.）宾语从句练习题练习一：_.IhavesomegoodnewsforhimB.wheredoesRobertliveD.wheredidRobertlive（）1.Pleasetellme_whereRobertlivesC.whereRobertlivedAwhatheisBwhenhewasbornCwherehecomesfromDifheliveshere（）3.MayIcomein?ImsorryIamla

15、te.TOC o 1-5 h zComein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme?A.whyyouarelateagainB.whatwereyoudoingthenC.whoyoutalkedwithD.howdoyoucametoschool（）4.Couldyoutellme?A.WhenwillMarycomebackB.WhenMarycomesbackC.WhenMarywillcomeback（2008青海省）（）5.Whatdidyousayjustnow?Iasked.A.thatIcouldopenthedoorB.couldIopenthedoo

16、rC.howcouldIopenthedoorD.howIcouldopenthedoor（）6.Doyouknow,Mike?OnMay12th,2008A.whentheearthquaketookplaceinWenChuanwhendidtheearthquaketakeplaceinWenChuanwhentheearthquakewilltakeplaceinWenChuan练习二：Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscience,butnoneofthemcantell.A.whenUFOswillappearnexttimeB.whydohorses

17、knowthewayC.wherewasthiskindofplantfoundD.howdoelephantscommunicate-WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?Sorry.Idontknow.A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad-Couldyoupleasetellme.?BusNo.32willtakeyourightthere.A.whereisHenanMuseumB.whatHenanMuseumislikeC

18、.howcanIgettoHenanMuseumD.whichbusIshalltaketoHenanMuseumPetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknows.A.wheretheyhavebeenB.wherearetheyC.wherearetheyfromD.wheretheyhavegone-Doyouknow.theCapitalMuseum?-NextFriday.A.whenwilltheyvisitB.whentheywillvisitC.whendidtheyvisitD.whentheyvisitedHewantedtok

19、now.theEnglishparty.A.whenwillwehaveB.whenwewillhaveC.whenwouldwehaveD.whenwewouldhaveIwanttoknow.A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat-David,lookatthemaninwhiteoverthere.Canyoutellme.?Heisadoctor.A.whoisheB.w

20、hoheisC.whatisheD.whatheis-Couldyoutellme.?Heiswantedbytheheadteacher.-Sorry,Ivenoidea.Butheherejustnow.A.whereTim;wasB.whereisTim;wasC.whereTimis;wasD.whereTimis;is-DidMrs.Kingleaveamessage?-Yes.ShewantedtoknowthisSunday.A.whoyouwouldgoshoppingB.ifyouwouldgoshoppingwithherC.thatyouwillgoshoppingD.w

21、henwillyougoshoppingwithher-Imateenagersmother.SometimesIdontknow.Loveandunderstanding.A.whatmysonneedsmostB.whatdoesmysonwanttogetC.whymysongetsannoyedveryoftenD.whydoesmysongetannoyedveryoften.-Iwonder.withoutwaterAboutaweek.A.howlongmancanliveB.howlongcanmanliveC.whenmancanliveD.whencanmanlivel3.

22、Idontknow_theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.wherel4.Idontknowhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when练习三：一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。lTheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.HesaidtheseflowersfromGuangdong.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldmelightfasterthansou

23、nd.Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidntknow.Jackdidntknowthereameetinginfivedays.4CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.IwanttoknowFrench.5Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellmethechildrengames.6Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang_homeworkyet.7Howmanypeoplecanyouseeint

24、hepicture?Whoknows?Whoknowsinthepicture?8Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknowhercar?二、用合适的连接词填空。Jimtoldmehedidntgofishingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）Doyouknowelseisgoingtobeondutytoday？（who,whom）Shesaiditwouldntmattermuch.（that,if）Healwaysthinkshecandobetter.（how,who）Ireallydontknowthebridgewil

25、lbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）Theydontknowtogoorwait.（if,whether）Wearetalkingaboutwellgobacktomorrow.（whether,if）IwasreallysurprisedatIsaw.（where,what）Idontknowsomanypeoplearelookingathim.（how,why）Doyouknowyouarestudyingfor?（why,what）三、句型转换。“Doyouwanttotryit?”Tomsmotheraskedhim.（同义句）fTomsmotheraskedh

26、imtotryit.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改为否定句）fIthisagoodidea.Lucycanntdecidewhichbagstobuy.（改为反义疑问句）fLucycanntdecidewhichbagstobuy,IdontknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改为简单句）fIdontknowtothehospital.Idontsupposetheywillcome,?（改为反意疑问句）四、用所给动词的正确形式填空。Wearesurethathe(go)toschooltomorrow.Doyouknowwho(be)thefirstm

27、antowalkonthemoon?Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice(is)?Ourfathersaidthathe(will)buyanewcomputer.Ihearthathe(swim)intheseayesterday.参考答案：练习一参考答案：1.A2.C3.A4.C5.D6.A练习二考参考答案1.参考答案A.我的一些朋友对自然科学感兴趣，但他们谁也讲不出下次不明飞行物出现的时间。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。参考答案D.布朗先生什么时候回中国？抱歉。我不知道他会在国外待多久。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。参考答案D.你能告诉我怎样到河南博物馆(我坐几路车能到河南博物馆)吗？宾语从句应该用陈述语序。