01++2023高考英语一轮复习高考真题长难句精析一点通(句子成分+句子的基本类型)

1、专题01句子成分一高考真题例句句子成分： 主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，补语，表语，同位 语一、主语主语：是执行句子的行为或动作的主体，是句子中的陈述对象。（一般位于句 子的开头，但有时侯在特定句式中可能省略或倒装。充当：名词（短语），代词，数词，动名词（短语），动词不定式（短语）， 主语从句等。A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.一门外语是生活奋斗中的一个武器。Who is speaking,piease?This is Lily speaking. 请问，谁在讲话？我是丽丽。Three will be enough.

2、三个就够了。Living in that island country for three months was an unforgettable experience for me. 住在岛上三个月对我而言是一次难忘的经历。Whether we 11 go depends on the weather.我们是否会去取决于天气。真题例句：（2022 全国乙卷）In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwoodtraveled

3、to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains toteach in a one-room schoolhouse.（名词短语做主语）（2020 全国卷 H 总分值作文）Taking part in a fruit picking activity on a farm is meaningful and rewarding.（动名词短语作主语）（2022 全国乙卷）By using （he latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railway

4、s, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.（名词短语做主语）（2022 全国乙卷总分值作文）What benefits most to their study is reading English books. （主语从句作主语）（2022 全国甲卷）Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK* s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardi

5、ff s oldest surviving traditional theatre.（名词作主语）（2022 全国甲卷）This exhibition of sonic sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London.（名词短语做主语）二、谓语谓语：是对主语动作状态或特征的陈述或说明一般在主语之后。充当：谓语经常用动词或动词词组来充当。.简单谓语：由一个实意动词或动词短语构成。.复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词

6、加动词原形构成。由系动词加表语构成。真题例句：（2022 全国甲卷）This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, conies to London.（实义动词做谓语）（2022 全国乙卷）By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways,

7、detecting faults in （he rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.（情态动词+实义动词做谓语）（2022 全国乙卷总分值作文）It can easily be seen that the percentage of students whose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%.（情态动词+实义动词作谓语，并列句系动词做谓语）（2022 全国甲卷）In human

8、s, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age.（情态动词+实义动词作谓语）（2022 全国甲卷）The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues （线索），or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.（系动词作谓语）（202

9、0 全国卷 II）Failure to provide enough chaperones （监护人）will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.（情态动词+实义动词作谓语）（2022 全国乙卷）A special low entrance charge of f 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with tea

10、chers.（ 系 动词作谓语）三、宾语宾语是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类。充当：名词（短语），代词宾格，数词，动名词（短语），动词不定式（短语）， 宾语从句等。真题例句：（2022 全国乙卷 ）. drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.（动名词短语 做宾语）（2022 全国乙卷）Scottish

11、 National Portrait （肖像画）Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public.（名词短语做宾语）（2020 全国卷 II） Many young people don t even realize it s new.（宾语从句做宾语）（2022 新高考全国卷 II ）As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins（企鹅）longing to say

12、hello.（代词做宾语）（2022 全国甲卷）Then I turned the page and continued.（名词做宾语）（2020 全国乙卷）What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?（名词短语 做宾语）四、表语表语：跟在be动词或系动词后面，用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状 态。充当：名词，形容词，数词，分词，动词不定式（短语），方位副词，介词短语表 语从句等。系动词：be, become, get, grow, turn, seem, look, sound, taste, feel,sm

13、ell 等真题例句：（2022 全国乙卷）Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance.（介词短语作表语）（2022新高考全国卷II ） For them, it s just normal.（形容词作表语）（2020 新课标山东卷）Needless to say, they were deeply moved.（分词作表语）（2020 全国卷 II） That is partly because people are driving more, but Mar

14、k Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted （分心、）driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.v（表语从句作表语）（2020 全国乙卷）It is also helpful for you lo be a friendship keeper.（形容词作表语）五、定语定语：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。充当：形容词、数词、名词、形容词性物主代词、介词短语、非谓语动词或定语 从句等充当。位置：前

15、置和后置两种情况。非谓语短语，定语从句，介词短语，形容词短语等 作定语时，常置于被修饰词之后。（2022 全国乙卷）Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax.（名词，非谓语分词作定语）（2022 新高考全国卷 II ） Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.（定语从句做后置定语）（2020 全国甲卷）Throughout her career（职业）as a professional d

16、ancer, she toured in theUK.（介词短语作后置定语）（2022 全国乙卷）To perform these tasks, drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead.（代词，介词作后置定语）（2022 全国乙卷）With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. ,代词，非谓语分词作定语） 六、状语状语：用来说明事情发生的地点、

17、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、 方式或伴随等，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫作状语。充当：副词、介词短语、动词不定式，、非谓语、状语从句等充当。位置：行踪飘忽不定，却对动词“情有独钟”。修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个 句子。通常在句子后，强调时放在句首。修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰词之前。表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。地点 状语一般放在时间状语之前。一些表示频度的副词（如。ften, almost等）作状语通常位于be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后、实义动词之前。真题例句：（2022 新高考全国卷 II ） Road accidents, which

18、 had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. （副词做状语）（2020 全国甲卷）Throughout her career（职业）as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK（介词短语作状语）（2022 全国乙卷）To perform these tasks, drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead. （动词不定式短语作目的状语）（2022 全国乙卷）With their ability to see ahead, they could si

19、gnal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.（介词短语，状语从句作状语）（2020 全国卷 II） His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures （hat come alive when you poke them.（副词，介词短语，时间状 语从句做状语）（2022 全国甲卷）If you arc looking for the bes

20、t comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.（条件状语从句做状语）七、补语（宾语补足语）补语：在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整。还需要有一个其他的句 子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简称宾补。充当：由名词，形容词，副词，不定式短语，分词，介词短语或从句充当。位置：位于宾语之后。（2022 高考全国甲卷）Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful. （形容词做宾补）（2020 浙江卷）We sincerel

21、y wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China.（名词 短语作宾补）（2019 江苏卷）Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better known to British students. （过去分词短语作宾补）（2022 高考全国乙卷）This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, co

22、mes to London.（2019 天津卷总分值作文）Im Li Jin, a student at Chenguang High School.（名词作同位 语）句子的基本类型（按结构）一简单句只有一个主谓或并列主谓结构的句子称之为简单句。（2022 全国甲卷）Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UKs touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiffs oldest surviving traditional theatre.（2022 全国甲卷）This exh

23、ibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating （he life and work of Scotlands best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London.简单句的基本句型（一）主语+谓语.A1I of us laughed.The telephone rang.We all breathe, drink and eat.（二）主语+谓语+宾语missed my grandma.He is watching TV.You can sing the song.（三）主语+系动词+表语am

24、 a teacher.The plan sounds perfect.This material feels soft.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语.She made herself a new dress.My mother bought me a dictionary.Please show me your ticket.The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.主语+谓语+宾语补足语.We have proved him wrong.What make you think so?.He found the child fast asleep.You should keep the room clean and tidy.He likes to watch the boy