不定式知识点 讲义-高三英语一轮复习

1、高中英语不定式知识点Grammatical forms: do or !to do / be or to beA summary of the situations in which the bare infinitive is used. It is used to follow: 不带to的动词不定式使用情况总结The modals 情态助动词之后 must, need, dare令 Semi-auxiliaries 半助动词之后 had better, happened to令 Modal idioms 情态成语之后 would rather, would sooner令 Rather

2、than and sooner than令 A main verb to form some fixed combinations 主动词+主动词固定搭配后 make believe令 causative verb + object” 使役动词+宾语之后let, make, have令 “sense verb + object” 感觉动词+宾语之后 hear, watch, observe令 “have known + object”令 help or “help + object”令 the preposition except/but令 why./why not.令 idiomatic e

3、xpressions, after go, come, try.不定式的性质：1）保存了动词的性质，构成不定式短语Vt. + object; Linking v. + predicate; v + adverbial有不同的时态和语态形式2）具有名词，形容词和副词的性质.动词不定式的语法功能：it functions as a noun （subject, direct object, predicate）, adjective, or adverb.1）主语,2）谓语,3）宾语，4）宾语补语，5）主语补语，6）定语和7）状语.不定式的不同时态和语态形式以动词make为例,其形式如下：主动形式

4、被动形式一般式to maketo be made完成式 to have made to have been made进行式 to be making完成进行式 to have been making不定式的完成式，进行式和完成进行式：.如果不定式所表示的动作与主要谓语所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时） 发生或发生在主要谓语之后，那么用不定式的一般形式Eg, He invited me to have dinner.如果不定式所表示的动作（状态）发生在主要谓语动词或特定的某时间之前， 那么不定式就要用其完成式 She feels relaxed to have finished writin

5、g her thesis before the deadline.不定式进行式表示主要谓语动词所表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示 的动作正在发生 When he came in, I happened to be doing my experiment in thelab.不定式完成进行式表示其动词所代表的动作,在主要谓语动词所代表的动 作之前一直在进行 They are quite happy to have been cooperating harmoniously with us till now.1.不定式与形容词、名词、动词的搭配关系Adjective + infinitive

6、 不定式与形容词TypeA:主句的主语是不定式的逻辑主语能用于这一搭配的形容词都是一些动态形容词(DynamicAdj),分四类：令 表示喜怒哀乐的形容词+不定式(Adjectives showing emotional feelings) He is glad to help others.令 表示运气好坏的形容词+不定式(Adjectives showing good or bad luck) He was lucky to find it.令 表示心里状态/个人态度的形容词+不定式(Adjectives showing mental state or personal attitude)

7、He is anxious to see her. We are ready to make the attempt.如果主句的主语不是不定式的逻辑母语，用for引出：Id be afraid for her to go swimming alone.令 表示性格特征和行为表现的形容词+不定式(Adjectives showing character or behavioral trait)He is foolish to meet her again. You are kind to say so.这类句子都可以转换为it-句型 It is kind of you to say so.Typ

8、e B:主句的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语能用于这一搭配的形容词通常都是静态形容词(StativeAdj),分2类：令可以转换为先行it-结构She is pleasant to talk to. =It is pleasant to talk to her/ To talk to her is pleasant.That question is difficult to answer.。不可以转换为先行it-结构，不能以不定式结构做主语The coffees is bitter to taste. To taste the coffee is bitter. XThey are attractiv

9、e to look at.TypeC:主句的主语既可以是不定式的逻辑主语也可以是逻辑宾语，有歧义 These books are easy to sell.=These books sell easily. Or It is easy to sell these books.The chicken is ready to eat. =The chicken is ready. The chicken eats.这类歧义现象都是由形容词easy,ready的意义所致，如果是其他形容词其深层含 义可能只是一种情况。He is slow to react.二He reacts slowly.Geor

10、ge is quick to take offense.=George takes offense quickly.Noun (phrase) + infinitive 不定式与名词Three points are worthy of note.Semantic relations 语意关系A subject-verb relation eg, the guest to arriveA verb-object relationeg, a family to support; a room to live in (不及物动词要加介词)The noun phrase is in appositio

11、n to the infinitive that follows:e.g., The boy had an impulse to jump over the fence.I have no wish to quarrel with you.Noun (phrase) + infinitive: active or passive令 句子中既有不定式动作的发出者又有承受者，以发出者为逻辑主语，必须 用主动语态，e.g.: I have got a lot of letters to write. Weve got some cases to investigate.令 如果句子中只有不定式动作行

12、为的承受者，动作的发出者不清楚，不明确 或不宜说出，用被动语态为妥,eg: The cases to be investigated must not be made public in press.令 如果句子中只有不定式动作行为的承受者，那么肯定可以使用被动语态，但 如果是不定式动作发出者很明确(不必说出，说话人听话人都很清楚)，很 明显指的是说话人，听话人，你们，我们或泛指任何人，相当于省略了不 定式的逻辑主语(foryou/us/one)也可以使用主动语态，有些句子甚至使用主 动语态的可能性更大或更符合习惯eg: The man to be consulted (for you/us)

13、 to consult is Mr. Johnson.Noun + infinitive vs noun + preposition + -ing要注意名词的固定搭配，之后到底跟不定金:还是跟介词+-ing ,还是两者都 可以，需要平时积累。a)两者都可以，特别注意介词的使用Attempt, chance, effort, freedom, intention, necessary, opportunity, reason, time, way, etc.b)只能跟不定式Ability, agreement, ambition, anxiety, curiosity, disposition,

14、 mind, obligation, permission, refusal, reluctance, temptation, tendency, wish c)只能跟介词+-ing特别注意介词的使用Aptitude for, delay in, difficulty in, excuse for, experience in, interest in, genius for, habit of, idea of, motive for, object of, passion for, plan on, possibility of, skill in , success in, etc.Ve

15、rb+ infinitive不定式与动词These collocations fall into three types: a) verb + infinitive, b) verb + object + infinitive, c) verb + (object) + infinitive.verb + infinitiveVerbs that can be directly followed by an infinitive rather than an -ing form as object are: agree, aim, apply, arrange, choose, claim,

16、decide, demand, desire, determine, endeavor, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pledge, prepare, pretend, profess, promise, refuse, resolve, seek, swear, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, etc.verb + object + infinitiveSome verbs cannot be directly followed by an infinitive unless the ve

17、rb and infinitive are intervened by a noun or pronoun. They include five groups:令 Verbs of perception or sense verbs such as see, hear, watch, feel. etc.令 Causative verbs such as have, let, make 省 to, (get) etc.令 Some phrasal verbs such as arrange for, ask for, rely on, etc.令 Verbs showing mental state such as consider, declare, find (-consider), prove, think, believe, discover, feel (-think), imagine, judge, suppose, understand, etc.今 Verbs having the force of “advice/permission，“fbrbiddance”, etc. such as advise, allow, forbid, permit, recommend, require, u