2023年高考英语复习讲练测第15讲 阅读理解七选五（讲）（全国通用教案）

1、2023年高考英语复习讲练测第15讲阅读理解七选五（讲）【考纲考情】.考查以说明文为主，逻辑严密、结构严谨、层次清楚，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻 辑思维能力。.词数300左右（正文词数200左右，选项词数100左右）。.题型以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅，以考查上下文逻辑关系为主，考查段落主题句为辅。间或考查段尾 的结论概括性语句。七个选项意义都与文章内容相关，其中有非完整句的考查情况。.主题多是社会生活和文化科技方面；选材具有贴近生活、新颖、表达正能量、时代性强等特点。【考点梳理】三步做对“七选五”第一步：先做段首、段尾题，缩小排查范围段首、段尾题要么是主旨句（总结句），要么就是

2、承上启下句，具有鲜明的语言特征，题目简单，较易 判定做题时，先将这类题目的选项定位，既可缩小思考范围，又可使原文信息更加明了第二步：剩余选项细排查，利用句间关系来判定将段首、段尾题判定复位后，原文信息会更加明了，再次通读原文，理清剩余段中题的句间关系，将 剩余选项对应复位第三步：代入选项通读原文，验证句间关系将所选答案代入文中，重点检查逻辑关系。看是否有不合行文逻辑的现象。【解题方法】线索特征词是解决阅读七选五题的重要依据，一般表达在三个方面：一是词汇复现，是指作者在文章 上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。这是 作者为了保证文章前后衔接连贯

3、而经常使用的一种写作手段。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同（近）义词 复现、反义词复现等；二是代词，英语中代词出现的频率极高。代词一般用来指代前面提及的名词或句子, 可以巧妙地利用这样的指代关系或根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题；三是逻辑关系词，英语 的段与段之间，句与句之间经常会运用连接词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚、结构更连贯，因此文 章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的信息词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。一、段首题设空处在段首通常为主旨句，有时也可能为承上启下（过渡）句。如果设空处位于段首，要前瞻后望找 提示，即阅读上一段结尾局部，通常正确答案与之衔接，并结合本段内容，看所选的答案是

4、否能将两段内 容连贯起来。.主旨概括句在某段的段首设空的题通常有以下情况：一是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原那么, 查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句；二是与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一 句，锁定线索特征词，然后在选项中查找相关线索特征词。通常答案与设空前后的句子在意思上紧密衔接, 因此这些句子之间会用到某些衔接手段。比方，选项中出现时间或年代，要注意其与原文中的时间或年代 的前后对应关系。（2020全国卷 I ） 37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do y

5、ou follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.F. Stop comparing yourself with others.【答案】F【解析】 根据下文“Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because you

6、r life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.（你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生 活比他们的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。广可知，本 段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比拟，因为生活是我们自己的。选项F（停止把自己和别人进行比拟。）可 以作为本段中心句，应选F。.承上启下（过渡）句在段首设空的题有时也可能起承上启下的作用，此时既要熟悉上一段内容，又要去结合下一段所讲。 做题时要联系上下文，把握逻辑关系，分析所选答

7、案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。（2021 新高考 I 卷）Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy. French strawberries do not t

8、aste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they we

9、re the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.【答案】E【解析】上一段讲了巴黎人吃得少是因为食物美味，本段谈到巴黎食物很贵（一把熟透的小草莓和一点 甜瓜就18美元），可以推断，这也是巴黎人吃得少的一个原因。E项（这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一 原因。）起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。应选E。二、段中题段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，注意句子之 间的衔接手法。做题时，首先要依

10、据信息词将选项进行排除，然后将剩下的可能答案逐一代入，看哪个选 项能和设空处的前后内容到达语意连贯及逻辑通顺，从而最终确定最正确选项，得出答案。以下为依据逻辑 关系去解题的常用方法：.并列或递进关系并列或递进关系是指后一句对前一句是一种顺承逻辑关系。常见的表示并列关系的标志性词语有 first（ly）, second（ly）, third（ly）, next/then, finally/last, first of all, for one thing, for another thing, some . others to begin with, to conclude 等；常见的表示递进关

11、系的标志性词语有 also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, not only . but also 等。（2021 全国 甲卷）,Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection. Less people than that, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable. 18

12、 . They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their new” clothes home.G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition【答案】G【解析】 下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their new clothes home.（他们还应 该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的，新衣服带回家。广说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服” 准备袋子。G项（告诉

13、每个人带来品相完好的衣服）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，G项中 的“bring”和下文中的“carr/相呼应，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的“also”也是提示词，其中“They” 指代G项的“everyone”。应选G。.转折或让步关系转折或让步关系是指后一句对前一句构成逆转逻辑关系。常见表示转折或让步关系的标志性词语有 but, however, nevertheless, still, yet, while/though/although, or/otherwise, instead, on the contrary, in contrast, in comparison

14、, by comparison 等。（2019全国卷 I ）We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”. 36 According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?【答案】E【解析】设空上一句的句意为：我们

15、都是听着人们说的“出去呼吸点儿新鲜空气”长大的，设空下一句 表示答案是肯定的。设空处应是针对去户外呼吸新鲜空气是否真有好处的一个问句。由此可知，E项（但是 新鲜空气真的像你妈妈总说的那样对你有好处吗？）与前一句构成转折关系，逻辑合理。应选E。.因果关系因果关系是指后一句为前一句的结果（有时也为原因）。常见的标志性词语有so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result （of）, so/such . thatso that, result in/from, lead to, due to, thanks to, owing to 等。（2020i折江高

16、考）My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 34 I learned a lot about how to extend

17、the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait （特点）others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.【答案】F【解析】根据前句“当我的母亲看到我的创作时，她说我的设计很有创意”可知，F项（于是，我开始对 制造东西产生了长久的兴趣。）和前句构成因果关系，“我”正

18、是在听了母亲那句话后才开始对制造东西产生 兴趣。应选F。4 .例证关系例证关系是前后句的某句是为了证明或解释另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基 本是归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。常见的标志性词语有for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words, that is （to say）等。（2021 浙江高考）“Many people in China have limited exposure to English. 35 That said, we kno

19、w of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing, “ Paulo says.B.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.【答案】B【解析】根据上文“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.（许多中国人很少能接触到英 语。户可知，对某些人来说学习英语的门槛

20、较高。根据下文“That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing（也就是说，我彳门 知道很多交换明信片的人，包括中国人，他们通过交换明信片提高了英语水平）”可知，写明信片成为一种 练习英语的渠道。B项（这使得学习和练习它变得格外困难。）符合语境。应选B。三、段尾题段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。.总结概括句做题时一要注意设空的前一句或前两

21、三句；二要注意在选项中查找thus, therefore, hence, so, as a result, in a word, in short, to conclude, to sum up等表示结果、结论、总结的词语；三要注意与前文的逻辑关系，找 到关键的线索词句，如表示转折、并列、排比等关系。如果在文章第一段的段尾设空，要认真阅读看此处 是细节还是主题。通常文章的第一段要提出主题，如果在段尾提出主题，常用一些信号词（如转折词）引出 来，正确答案中应有这样的信号词。（2020全国卷 I ）Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in

22、 a journal.Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness.List all of your accomplishments and achievements.You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.【答案】C解析】本段提出我们要认识到自己的优点。根据上文“List all of your accomplishments and achiev

23、ements列出你所有的成就。广可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝。C项（没有什么事是 太小而不值得庆祝的。）承接上文。应选C。.承上启下（过渡）句做题时如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时要考虑与下一段开头是否有衔接，要认真阅读下 一段的开头儿句，看是否能紧密联系起来。（2021 浙江高考）Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Romes Colosseum. Or A

24、fricas Victoria Falls. Or Chinas Great Wall. 31“I often send postcards to family and friends.he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it. And thafs totally fine.” Seeking other like-minded souls,

25、 however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulos hunch （直觉）paid off.G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone f

26、ar away. 【答案】G【解析】根据上文“Paulo Magalhaes . Or China*s Great Wall. （34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师Paulo Magalhaes（保罗麦哲伦）喜欢翻开他的邮箱，然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图像。或者非洲的维多利 亚瀑布。或者是中国的长城。户可知，Paulo有喜欢明信片的个人爱好。G项（简而言之，他喜欢明信片， 也喜欢收到远方某人潦草的便条时的那种兴奋。）承接上文。应选G。【题型剖析】A（2022全国高考真题）Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled Five Reasons to

27、Thank Your Workout Partner.One reason was: “Youll actually show up if you know someone is waiting fbr you at the gym, “ while another read: 1 With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there isa subtle （微妙）competition.So, how do you find a workout partner?First of all, decide

28、what you want from that person. 2 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.You might think about posting what you are looking fbr on social media, but it probably wont result in a us

29、eful response. 3 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, an

30、d her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 4You and your partner will probably have different skills. 5 Over time, both of you will benefit 一 your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core （核心）of your

31、 relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.Youll work harder if you train with someone else.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?How can you write a good seeking tr

32、aining partner“ notice?Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。C 解析根据前文Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne. One reason wa

33、s: Youll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym J（健身杂 志最近刊登了一篇题为感谢健身伙伴的五个理由的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房 等你，你就会去锻炼。可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“Youl work harder if you train with someone else.（如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。）”符合上下文语境。应选C。D【解析】根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that p

34、erson.（首先，决定你想从那个人身上得 到什么。）和后文Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?（或者你只 是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?）”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选 择项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?（你想在你最喜欢的运动工程上成为更好的运 发动吗?广符合上下文语境。应选D。B【解析】根据前文You might think about

35、 posting what you are looking fbr on social media, but probably wont result in a useful response.（你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回 应。）和后文If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.（如果你打算在健身 房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。广可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“A workout partner usually need

36、s to live close by.（锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。广符合上下文语境。应选B。G【解析】根据前文My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite

37、sports and activities, and provided her phone number.（我的伙伴把 她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的考前须知包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训 要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的 号码。户可知，本 段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information.（任何锻炼伙伴的布告者B应包括这些信息。）”符合上下文语 境。应选G。F【解析】根据

38、前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills.（你和你的伴侣可能有不同的 技能。）“和后文Over time, both of you will benefit your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically任（久而久之，你们双方都会受益 你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更 健康。户可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and

39、 learn to work with each other.（接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。）”符合上下文语境。应选F。B（2022全国高考真题） Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.6 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to you

40、r paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. 7 Dont worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique wont work fbr everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.The next technique is to write your

41、 draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 8 Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled （弄 皱）paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungleas part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.The t

42、hird technique is to try printing out a triplespaced （三倍彳亍总巨）copy to allow space for revision.9 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks （大块）of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from a

43、nymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 10 The resulting blank space invites you to revise.A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.B , Let your pen follow the waves of thought.The second draft of the essay should be better.First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.Too m

44、any writers try to get their drafts right the first time.Many beginning writers dont leave enough space to revise.Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。D【解析】空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.（当你第 次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。厂可知，本段主要 讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.（首先，学习不间断写作 的技巧。厂概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，应选D