高中英语语法讲义-并列句和状语从句

1、 高中英语语法讲义并列句和状语从句并列句=简单句+连词+简单句1,表递进顺承 ：and, not only - but als（等 Not only dare he say , but also he dare do （前倒后不倒）表选择：or, either or Either you are here, or I am .表转折对比：but, yet ,however, whereas, still, nevertheless, while 等Hai yan likes pop music while I prefer classic music.4,表因果： so, for 等 You

2、got up late , so you didn t catch the early bus.You didn t catch the early bus, for you got up late.when-when= and at this/that time. 常用句式： sb was doing when - sb had just done when.sb was going to do/ about to do/on the point of doingThe teacher was giving a talk when a student came in .I was on th

3、e point of leaving when my friend called me .He had just walked across the road when an accident happened.状语从句时间状语从句：1, 当时候 S be doing _when_ S V , S be doing _while_ S be doing , S Vs/ Ved _as_ S Vs/VedWe were reading when our teacher came in.My mother was cooking while my father was watching TVHe

4、sang as he walked. As time goes on , my sight fails gradually.2, 就一 as soon as, immediately/ instantly/ directly , the+ 时间词（time, moment, minute ） ；once,hardly/ rarely/ scarcelywhen/ before ,no soo ner 用过去than日由后用过去时,前词提前要用部分倒装）She began to check answers the moment she came here.（翻译先从后主）I had hardly

5、 arrived at my school when the class began. （ 翻译先主后从）=Hardly had I arrived at my school when the class began .3,直到till/ until肯定句主句用延续性动词：I ll remain here till/ until you come up. （till不用于句首）否定句主句谓语用非延续性动词译为 直到 才He didn t leave till/ until the rain stopped.Notuntil 的倒装和强调.倒装：Not until主句肯定式的部分倒装。Not u

6、ntil the rain stopped did he leave.强调：It s not untiltha向肯定式。It s not until the rain stopped that he left.4,多久后 时间段+before It ll be 20 minutes before we have a rest.还未 就before The car ran out of my sight before I remembered its number.但 It is/ has been+时间段 _since_ S +V ed . It is / has been half a ye

7、ar since they divorced.5, 每当 / 上次 / 下次 every/ each time, the last/ next/ first time, any time + 从句.I found you diligent the first time I saw you.地点状语从句：where , wherever .You should put your books where they were.Please tell me wherever you go.where +状从 前无表地点的先行词，where+定从 前则有表地点的先行词。You should make a

8、 mark where you have questions.You should make a mark in the place where you have questions.原因状语从句：因为、由于、既然 S V _because_从句. S V , _for_从句._Now that / As/ Since_从句，S V .He made an error because he wasn t cNrewuthat you are here, let s begin our class.目的状语从句1,为了 in order thats o that （后置） 从句中有情态动词I l

9、l writ e the sentence every other line so that / in order that you can see it clearly.In order that he could catch the train , he set off without breakfast.2,唯恐，以防万一 for fear that, in case , lest（可表虚拟The mother stepped into the room quietly for fear that she might wake up the baby.Bring your text in

10、 case you need it.结果状语从句：以便、为了 so that ,如此 以至于so/suchthatSo +adj （a/an +n ）/ adv + that + 从句；so+ many /much / few / little（少）+ 名 + that + 从句Such + （a/an ） adj + 名 + that + 从句such little（小）childrenYou are such a clever / so clever a student that you can figure out the problem.He earned so little mone

11、y that he couldn t afford to buy the house.So/ such及其修饰成分提前后接部分倒装。So quickly did the teacher speak that I couldn t follow him条件状语从句如果一 if （可虚拟），in case, on condition that, supposing /suppose that, provided/ providing that如果不unless= if not只要 so/ as long asonly if主句的部分倒装Providing/ Provided that I fail

12、 the test, I won t lose heart.We ll go out to play unless it rains .You ll pass the exam as/ so long as you work hard.= only if you work hard will you pass the exam.方式状语从句：和一样 as , 好像as if / though（可表虚拟）Kate does everything as her mother does it .I feel as if /though I have a fever.（陈述）She treats th

13、e boy as if / though he were her son. （虚拟）让步状语从句：1,虽然although/ though （不与 but 连用）/ while ，Although/ Though/ While it got cold , they went on practicing .若从句中的表语（不用冠词）、状语、谓语提前后+ as / though +从句其他成分。Child as / though he is, he knows a lot . Try as / though he might, he failed.表然而： S V while 从句 , S V,

14、S V, though. Bungee Jumping is interesting, it s dangerous, though.2,即使even if / though（可虚拟同if）Even if / though I fail , I won. （Wtzgive upven if / though it rained , I would go to visit you.（虚拟）3, 不管一 还是 . Whether or - Whether you believe or not , the story is true4,疑问词+ ever （还可引导名从），no matter +疑问

15、词 *见名从讲义总结。No matter how / However difficult the problem is , we must solve it .（状从）You can take whatever you like .（名从）比较状语从句：和一样 as.as，比更than.*见形容词副词总结。1,时间、条件、让步状语从句中主将从现。I wonder if it will rain tomorrow（宾从）.If it rains （状从）,I ll stay at home.2,主从句主语一致或从句中为it is时，从句的主语（和 be）可省略，直接用连词+doing （表主动）

16、/done （表被动/to do （表要发生）/ adj （表状态）.注意if so （如果那样），if any （如果有），if ever （如果发生过）When asking （ you ask） a question , you should put up your hand.When asked （ you are asked） a question, you should stand up .解题方法：1,并列句要弄清两个单句的关系来确定连词。2,状语从句要熟悉每个连词的意思，尤其是多意连词，分析主从句关系，了解那些固定句式。并列句练习1He is a shy man,he is n

17、ot afraid of anything or anyone.Some animals carry seeds from one place to another,plants can spread to new places.There s no way of knowing why one man makes an importandiscovery another man, also intelligent, fails.I was glad to meet Jenny again,I didn t want to spend all day with her.It s not eas

18、y to change habits,with awareness and scofntrol, it is possible.You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get pass you.At school, some students are active some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard crie

19、s for help.并列句练习2The number of people invited was fifty,a number of them were absent for different reasons.It has been separated from other continents for millions of years,it has many plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world.I have never been to Rome that s the city I d mo

20、st like to visit.Where have you been all day?We met some lovely children we couldn t get away from them until it was dark.White-collar workers in China are willing to postpone their retirement age blue-collar workers prefer to retireearly.How much did he charge you for repairing your iPhone?I don t

21、remember,it was quite a lot.I would have been able to catch the first flight home,my watch betrayed me.A few minutes earlier you would have seen the famous writer. He s just left.Thanks for your advice,this is something I have to figure out myself.My partner wants to keep the company small I d like

22、to expand it.状语从句练习1Just a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. 状语从句练习2 It is so cold that you can t go outside fully covered in thick clothes.We need to get

23、to the root of the problem we can solve it.5.scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don t know.he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further keep on going.the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer

24、 camp.the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.I believe you will have a wonderful time here you get to know everyone else.There is only one more day to go your favorite music group play live.If you miss this chance, it may be years you get anot

25、her one.The meaning of the word nice changed a few times it finally came to include the senseYou will never gain success you are fully devoted to your work.The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left I could ask for their names.It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me

26、to watch the football game.Mark needs to learn Chinese his company is opening a branch in Beijing.You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason you reach any decision.It s much easier to make friends you have similar interests.She says that she llhavsetoheshop business improves.I have hear

27、d a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.I had hardly got to the office my wife phoned me to go back home at once.Everything was placed exactly he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties it gets more financial sup

28、port from theEuropean Union.I always felt I would pass the exam, I neverthought I would get an A.hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.He smiled politely Mary apologized for her drunken friends.A number of high buildings have arisen there was nothing a

29、year ago but ruins.Hot the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.All the photographs in this book,stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.Coach, can I continue with the training?Sorry, you can t you haven t recovered from the knee injury.Smile and keep in a goo

30、d mood whatever happens and much trouble you meet with.we cooperate with each other, we won t make any breakthrough in the research.According to The Guardian, pay secrecy policies are common in US workplaces, even _ they re often carried out illegally.People often don t appreciate what they have, do

31、 they?No,they have lost it.It is so good a habit to instruct children to lay things they belong when they are young.So long as you do what you can, no one will blame you even you might fail in the future.Life doesn t count for much you re willing to do your small part to leave our children a better

32、world.It is not it is useful to study nature but he takes pleasure in it that the scientist studies nature. It sa long time I saw you last.Yes, and what a pity! It will be a long time we see each other again.Was it still there you were away to answer the phone.There is no doubt about it.The car hit

33、the huge stone by the road heavily he could stop it.Allow children space to voice their opinions even they are different from yours.As young men, we should learn to stand up we fell.Mankind must first ofall eat, drink, have shelter and clothing,it can pursue politics, science, art and religion.He ha

34、sn t got any hobb-e-you call watching TV a hobby.Mother often reminds me that the best thing one can do it is raining is to let it rain.Any measure of an ad iformpance is entirely pointless it could be viewed by a person.It took what seemed to be years the actress finally turned up, which made the j

35、ournalists as well as audiencesdisappointed and angry.Darling, hand me the new suit. My coat may be a little casual for the lecture.Why bother? I think you can go you are.advertisements are of great help, I don t think we should entirely rely on them.We need some more facts and figures we make the f

36、inal decision.并列句和状语从句练习3My classmate Michael studied very hard _1_ he went to senior school. Every day he worked _2_ everyone elsein my class left the classroom. He said he wouldn t stop trying _3_ he got satisfying scores in his studies. Hard _he tried, he made litt le progress, but he didn t lose

37、 heart at all _5_ he believed as long as he persisted he would succeedone day. _6_ time went by, he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Beijing at last.We had a get-together party _7_ we started our new life at university. Everyone had got offers from universities

38、, _8_we had a very good time. When we stood _9_ we used to play and study, we couldn t help thinking of ourdays. We believed we would never forget each other, _10_ we would go or whatever we would do.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.参考答案：并列句练习1but/yet句意：他是一个害羞的男人，但是他不害怕任何事，也不害怕任何人。根据句意前后两个分句为转折 关系，故用but

39、/yet oso句意：一些动物将种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方，因此植物可以传播到新的地方。前后两个分句为因 果关系，故用so。while句意：没办法知道为什么有人能够有重大发现，而有的人同样聪明，却不能。While在这里表示两种情况的对比。but/yet句意：很高兴又见到珍妮了，但我不想花一整天的时间和她在一起。根据句意前后两个分句是转折关 系，故用but/yet。but/yet句意：改变习惯不容易，但是如果有改变的意识和自制力，改变习惯还是可能的。前后两个分句是转 折关系，故用yet/butoor句意：你必须让开路，否则卡车无法通过。or否则。while句意：在学校里，有些学生很活跃，而有

40、些却很害羞，但是他们互相能成为好朋友。while表示两者的对比。when句意：一个周五，我们正在收拾行李要出去度周末，就在那时我女儿听到有人喊救命。when是并列连词，相当于 and at that time。并列句练习2but句意：被邀请的有 50人，但他们中的很多人由于不同原因缺席了。前后两个分句为转折关系，故用but。so句意：由于与其它大洲分开了好几百万年，因此那里有许多在世界上别的地方找不到的动物和植物。前后两句为因果关系，故用so。but句意：我从未去过罗马，但那是我最想去的城市。前后两句为转折关系，故用but。and句意：一一你们一整天都去哪里了？一一我们遇到了一些可爱的孩子，直

41、到天黑了我们还不忍离开他们。前后两句为顺承关系，故用and。while句意：在中国，白领愿意推迟退休年龄而蓝领却更希望早退休。并列连词while表示对比。but句意：一一他修你的苹果手机要了你多少钱？一一我不记得了，但钱很多。前后两句为转折关系，故用but。but句意：我本来能够赶上第一个航班回家的，但我的手表不准了。前后两句为转折关系，故用but。and句意：再早几分钟你就会见到那位著名的作家了。他刚离开。本题考查洛词短语/祈使句+and+陈述句”这一句型。but/yet句意：谢谢您的建议，但这是只有我自己才能解决的事情。根据句意可知，此处表示转折，故用but/yet。while句意：我的合

42、伙人想把公司保持在一个小的规模，而我却想扩大它的规模。前后两个分句为对比关系， 故用while。状语从句练习1as句意：正如一个单词可以改变一个句子的意思一样，一个句子也可以改变一个段落的意思。根据句意可知 用as。Once/If句意：一旦/如果遭到破坏，要话费很多年的时间才能使农田恢复。根据句意可知用Once/If。unless句意：天太冷了，你不能出去，除非你被厚厚的衣服包裹得严严实实。根据句意可知用unless。before句意：在能够解决这个问题之前，我们需要找到它的根源所在。根据句意可知用before。Although/Though/While 句意：虽然科学家已经了解了很多有关宇宙

43、的东西，但是还有很多我们不知道的。根 据句意可知用 Although/Though/While 。Where句意：在他曾经想要放弃的地方，他现在有决心进一步推进并且坚持下去了。根据句意可知用Where。Although/Though/While 句意：虽然这些学生来自不同的国家，但他们在这个夏令营中相处得很好。根据句意 可知用 Although/Though/While 。Although/Though/While 句意：虽然这份工作要花大量的时间，但是大部分的学生认为这次经历是值得的。根 据句意可知用 Although/Though/While 。once/if句意：我相信一旦/如果你认识了

44、其他所有人，你会在这里玩得很开心。根据语境可知用once/if。before句意：在你最喜欢的乐队现场表演之前只剩下一天了。根据句意可知用before。before句意：如果你错过了这次机会的话，那可能要等到多年之后你才能再次获得机会。此处为固定句式it maybe+一段时间 +before -obefore句意：nice这个单词的含义在它最终包含pleasan的含义之前经历了多次变化。根据句意可知用before ounless句意：除非你全身心地投入到工作中，否则你永远也不会获得成功。设空处引导条件状语从句，根据 句意可知用unless。before句意：那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包。我

45、还没来得及问他们的名字，他们就已经走了。根据语 境可知用before。when句意：半夜，我父亲把我叫醒并告诉我来看足球赛。根据语境可知，设空处引导时间状语从句，表示当时候，故用when。since/as/because句意：马克需要学习汉语，因为他的公司正准备在北京开一家分公司。考查原因状语从句， 故用 since/as/becausabefore句意：在做任何决定之前，你必须学会兼顾自己的情感和理智。故填 before。when句意：当你们有相似兴趣的时候，交朋友就容易多了。 When当（某种条件出现） 时会（产生某种状况）。unless句意：她说如果生意还没有起色的话，就不得不把店关掉。

46、根据语境可知用unless。since句意：自我从国外回来以来，已听到不少关于你的好事情。空格前的句子是现在完成时，空格后是一般 过去时，符合since的用法特点。when句意：我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。考查时间状语从句，hardly.when 。where句意：为了毕业典礼，他把一切都放在了他想放的地方。根据 was placed可知其后为地点状语。unless句意：除非从欧盟获取更多的财政支持，否则希腊政府很难克服目前的困难。Unless除非。While/Though/Although 句意：虽然我总是感觉我会通过考试，但我根本没想到我会得 A。考查让步状语从句，故用 While

47、/Though/Although 。However句意：不管你多么努力，如果不减少食量，想要减肥会很难。设空处引导让步状语从句，根据空后 副词hard可知用However。as/when句意：当Mary替她醉酒的朋友致歉时，他礼貌地笑了。考查时间状语从句，故用as/when。where句意：许多高楼大厦在一年前曾经是废墟的地方拔地而起。Arise是不及物动词，设空处引导地点状语从句，故用 where oas/though句意：尽管晚上很热，但由于长途旅行的劳累，我们还是睡得很熟。考查让步状语从句，as, though引导让步状语从句时，句子常用形式倒装。unless句意：书中所有的照片，除非有

48、特别说明，都可追溯到20世纪50年代。unless stated otherwise除非有特别说明。as/because句意：教练，我可以继续训练吗？抱歉，不行，因为你膝盖上的伤还没有恢复。考查原因状语从句，故用 as/becausa状语从句练习2however句意：无论发生什么事，无论你遇到多大的麻烦，都保持微笑和好的心情。设空处引导状语从句，表示程度，因此用 however。Unless句意：除非我们彼此合作，否则我们在这项研究中不会有任何突破。though句意：根据卫报上说，酬薪保密制度在美国职场很普遍，尽管它们经常被非法执行。even though尽管。until句意：一一人们往往不感激他们所拥有的，是吗？一一是的，直到失去了它。本题考查从属连词。故填until。where句意：在孩子