名词的用法及归纳

1、精品文档名词的用法及归纳名词：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词 一、名词的分类类别用法例词“通名 b表示一类人、或东西、或 个抽象概念的名词可数名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体pen, student, desk, book, bike集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体family, class, people, school个pj数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物air, water, paper抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念work, time, news专有名 b表示某个（些）人、地方、机构等专有的名称（注意：这类词的中心词的第一个字母要大写）翻译：长城；汤姆；中国二

2、、名词的数1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式的构成:变形规则写出以下词语的复数形式1、一般情况卜，在词尾加 sbook f2、ch, sh, s, x .+ eswatch f,box f3、o+ es （动植物）tomato f,potato fo+ s（非动植物）photo f,radio f4、兀首子母(a, e, i, o, u ) + y + sboy f; holiday f; mon key f（辅音字母）.+ y f .iesstudy f;technology f5、f, fef veswife f .:leaf f6、双重复数变为复数： a woman nurse

3、f 变为复数： a man doctor f国民的复数形式：国别复数形式Chinese / Japanese仲日）Englishman / Frenchm an/（英法）American/ Australian/ German, etc./ /（其他）2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，若表示确定数量时，一般用“数词+量词+ of +不可数名词”【例题】翻译以下词组：两杯水：;两条新闻：两张纸：;几片面包：两袋大米：;3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。小引数名词词义可数名词词义不可数名词词义可数名词词义fruit果fruitsfood食物foodsfishfishesdr

4、ink饮料、酒a drinkcloth布a clothsand沙sandschicken鸡肉a chickenorange精品文档橘汁an orangeglassglassespaper纸a paperwood木头woodsroom空间a room4.数量的表示:修饰可数名词a few一点苹果：（肯定）few（几乎没有）一点苹果：（否定）many许多人：a (great) number of大量学生：修饰不可数名词a little一点点面包：（肯定）little（几乎没有）一点面包：（否定）much许多大米：(large) amounts of大量的水资源：a great deal of许多钱

5、：既修饰可数名词又修 饰不可数名词a lot of = lots of许多羊：（只用于肯定）plenty of大里的缶息：some一些故事：any一些错误：enough足够的食物：三、名词的所有格.有生命的名词所有格，以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格： TOC o 1-5 h z 不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加。例题:麦克的手表： 以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，只加例题:老师们的办公室： ;两个或两个以上名词并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加。例题:汤姆和麦克的房间： ;杰克和玛丽的姐姐： 两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加。例题:玛丽的自行车

6、和汤姆的自行车： 汤姆的姐姐和麦克的姐姐：在表示“店铺、某某家、诊所”的名词所有格后面，一般省去被修饰的名词。例题:在他弟弟家： 在史密斯先生家：;用所有格表示时间或距离的方法：例题:开车十分钟的路程： ;一个月的假期： 两周的工作：用所有格表示节日的方法。如： TeachersDay ； Childrens Day注意：除了父亲节和母亲节（ Mother s Day、Father s Day ）,其他节日都用 名词复数的所有格 表示。【例题】：妇女节：；儿童节：；2.无生命的事物的名词所有格，常用of结构。例题:一张中国地图： ;这个游戏的开始 ;这个房间的门：3. 特殊形式：C. shee

7、ps, foxesC. letter boxC. leafC. appleC. i nformatio nC. chicke nsC. roomsC. woodenC. Japa nese, Germa nsC.JapaneseC. woma n teachersC. woma n driversD sheep, foxsD letters boxD leaveD pearD storiesD the chicke nD the roomD . woodsD Japa nese, Germe nsD America nD wome n teacherD wome n drivers精品文档1）

8、可用和of短语表示的名词所有格：【例题】：用 of短语表示：the boy s name= ;China s populatio 2）双重所有格。例题:我妈妈的一个朋友： ;汤姆的一张照片： 练习选择题A:（数）In the picture there are many and two.A. sheep, foxesB. sheeps, foxIn Brita in,are all pain ted red.A. letter boxesB. letters boxesPlease remember to give the horse some tree.A. leafsB. leavesCa

9、n we have some ?Yes, please.A.bananaB. oran gesThey got muchfrom those new books.A. ideasB. photosWhat would you like to have for lun ch, sir?一Id like.A. chicke nB. a chicke nChildre n should make for old people in a bus.A. roomB. a roomTables are made ofA. woodB. some woodsThere are fourand twoin t

10、he group.A. Japa nese, GermenB. Japa neses, Germe nA group ofwill visit the museum tomorrow.A. Hun garia nB. Australia nThere are sixty-seve n in our school.A. wome ns teacherB. wome n teachersThere are five in our factory.A. woma n driverB. wome n driver一Would you like tea?No, tha nks. I have drunk

11、 two A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange 14. He is hungry. Give him to eat.A. two breadsB. two piece of breadCan you give me ?A. a teaB. some cup of teaJoh n bought for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoeWhat lovely weather it is!A./B. theHe gave us on how to

12、keep fit.A. some advicesB. some adviceIt really took him to draw the nice horse.A. sometimesB. hourC. many, bottles of oran ges D. few, bottle of oran gesC. two pieces of breadC. a cup teaC. two pair of shoesC. anC. an adviceC. lD two pieces of breadsD a cup of teaD two pairs shoesD aD a adviceD som

13、e time精品文档20. She was very happy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mistakeB. made a few mistakesC. made few mistakes选择题B:（所有格）March 8th isDay.1.,A. Woman 2Is the broom un der一No, its un derA. the teachers; myExcuse me, where is theA. mens roomThe football un der the bed isB. Women desk?B. teache

14、rs; mine ?B. mens roomA. Lily and LucyB. Lilys and LucysHis bag is nicer tha nin his class.A. any other stude ntB. the other stude ntsJoan is .A. Marys and Jack sisterC. Mary and Jack sisterIn a few time, those mountains will be covered with trees.C. Woma ns C. teachers; meC. mens roomsC. Lilys and

15、LucyC. any other studentsB. Mary and Jacks sisterD. Marys and Jacks sisterA. yearB. yearsThe post office is a bit far from here. Its aboutA. thirty minu tess walkB. thirty mi nutes walkPlease take two .A. picture of the parkB. pictures of the parkMiss Smith is a friend ofA. Marys mothersB. Marys mot

16、herC. yearsC. thirty minu tes walkC. the pictures of a parkC. mothers of Mary附加题:We could seechildre n and hearno ise in the park.A. many, manyB. much, muchC. many, muchComputers can dowork in a short time, but a man cannot doby himself.A. great many; manyB. much; a great manyC. a great deal of; muc

17、hIn her letter Aunt Mary told us manyabout her visit to Japa n.A. n ewsB. storiesC. advicesMr. Li ofte n gives usby e-mail.5.6.7.A. some good in formati ons-Can 1 help you, sir?I d like to have 100A. piece of paperThey want threeA. loaf breadSeptember 10th isA. the TeacherB. some good in formatio nC

18、. good in formati ons.I want the stude nts to draw pictures on them.B. pieces of paperB. loaf of bread Day.C. papersC. loaves breadB. TeachersC. TeacherThose nice cars are those famous.A. dancersB. dan cers C.dancer sThe two desks here are.You may use the desk over there.A. Mary and JaneB. Marys and

19、 JanesC. Mary and JaneHow far is it from your office to your flat?It s aboutA. 20 mi nu tes walkB. 20-mi nutes walkC. walk 20 minu tesD. makes few mistakeD. WomenD. the teachers; mi neD. men roomsD. Lily and LucysD. any student sD. yearsD. thirty minu tes walkD. picture of a parkD. Mary mothersD. mu

20、ch, manyD. many; a great manyD. ideaD. a good in formatio nD. paperD. loaves of breadD. Teacher sD.dancerD. Mary s and Jane sD. 20 mi nu tes walk11. I m going to help withEnglish.12.A. a friend of Nancy, hers that pair of new _A. Is, shoe13.leaving for Beijing tomorrow.A. The Zhang isThis is a book of.A. TomThe post card is sent byA. a friend of my fatherT