及物与不及物动词

1、及物与不及物动词 英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成不及物动词与和及物动词。(一)及物动词(vt.) ： 及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象即宾语，并且可直接跟宾语。 1. “主谓宾构造。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等。如： We like English. I love you / all my friends. I think that it is right. He asked when we would start. He pretended to like us. 常见的接不定式的动词有： decide, determine, hesitate, hope,

2、manage, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, want, arrange, offer, choose eg: They enjoy playing basketball. 常见的接动名词的动词有： enjoy, escape, finish, mind, imagine, practise, avoid, delay, suggest, risk, keep, resist, admit, appreciate, deny, 常见的既接不定式又接动名词的动词有： remember, forget, regret, try, mean, stop, consi

3、der, cant help, continue, go on, begin, like, .2. “主谓双宾构造。如: I hand me the book over there. Please pass me the book. 常见的接双宾的动词有： bring, give, hand, pass, show, tell, buy, teach3. “主谓宾宾补构造。作宾补的词有：形容词、副词、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。如: We must keep it a secret. They elected Li Ping their monitor. I heard somethi

4、ng interesting. Please keep the cat out. eg: Miss White told me not to write on the wall. He advised me to stay at home.常见的带to不定式作宾补的动词有： ask, tell, want, order, allow, advise, expect, persuade, invite, like, get, force等。eg: I noticed a man pass by the office .常见的不带to不定式作宾补的动词有： 感官动词(see, look at, o

5、bserve, watch, notice, hear, listen to ,feel等) 使役动词(make, let, have等)。 (“五看 “三使 “两听 “一感觉)注意：假设感官动词和使役动词用于被动语态时，其后的动词要带to. I made him wash the car for free.(变被动句) He was made to wash the car for free.：不定式作宾补强调动作的全过程；现在分词作宾补强调动作正在进展。过去分词作宾补表示被动和动作已完成。 eg : I saw him clean the classroom. (我看见他扫教室了。) I

6、saw him cleaning the classroom. (我看见他正在扫教室。) He found the room cleaned. (我发现教室被清扫了。)常接现在分词和过去分词作宾补的动词有： have, let, make, get, keep, catch, find, see, watch, notice, hear等。 (二)不及物动词vi. ：不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象即宾语。假设要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。 如：look (看) 不能直接加宾语 eg: Look! She is singing. Look carefully! Look at me c

7、arefully! 不及物动词后面不跟宾语，只能用 “主谓构造。This is the room where I once lived.类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed. 既作及物又作不及物的动词，其意义不变。 eg: Everybody , our game begins. (vi.开场) Let us begin our game. (vt.开场)类似的还有： start, answer, sin

8、g, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve. 既作及物又作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。 eg: we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. He lifted his glass and drank. 类似的还有：beat vi. 跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi. 生长 vt. 种植; hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死; play vi. 玩耍 vt. 打(牌/球), 演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅; speak vi.讲话v

9、t. 说(语言) operate vi. 动手术 vt. 操作; ring vi. ( 、铃)响 vt. 打 ; ( vi. 烟雾的“消散)( vt. 升高；举起)易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词： deal with a problem 处理问题 depend on sb. 依靠依赖某人 insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事 knock on at the door 敲门 operate on sb. 为某人做手术 participate in sth. 参加某事 refer to sth. 查阅参考)某物 rely on sb. / sth. 依靠依赖某人某物 reply

10、 to a letter 回信 注：在某些其他用法中，以上有的动词也可能及物，如insist, reply等动词后可接宾语从句，operate表示“操作、“管理等时那么及物。 1. If you want to sell your product you must _ it. A. advertise B. advertise forC. advertise on D. advertise to 【陷阱】容易误选B，advertise sth 为登广告，登广告宣传。advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人 。实例分析 2. No matter how much

11、youve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _ the people heart and soul.A. serve B. serve forC. serve to D. serve on 【陷阱】容易误选B，即字对字地翻译汉语的“全心全意为人民效劳，将其中的“为译为 for。请看以下类似例子：(1) I _ you yesterday, but you werent in.rang B. rang toC. rang with D. rang to注：ring 可以用作及物动词，表示“给某

12、人打 ，故其后不用介词。(2) Neither of her parents wanted her to _ her cousin.A. marry B. marry toC. marry with D. marry for注：marry 可用作及物或不及物动词，用作及物动词时它的意思“与某人结婚，而不仅仅是“结婚，也就是说，后接宾语时，无需用介词 to, with 等。(3) How can I _ you, Mr. Green?A. contact B. contact withC. contact to D. contact for注：contact 为及物动词，表示“与联系，其后不接介

13、词。真题点击 1.The pupil _ his right hand, obviously hoping to _ to answer the teachers question. A. rose ;rise B. raised; rise C. rose; raise D. raised ;raise解析： raise 是及物动词，意思是“举起，提高，还可以表示“喂养家畜、家禽、照料农作物的生长、养家等 raise the family rise 是不及物动词，意为“上升、提高、升起 还可以表示“起立、起床等。2. His words on my improper behavior are

14、 strongly _ at my memory. A. impressed B. established C. fixed D. stricken解析：be impressed by/at/with表示“对印象深刻的意思。3. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added注：所填的词与其后的宾语从句构成状语，表示伴随。add是及物动词有自己的宾语从句， 此处adding表示主动意义， 所表示的动作