陈祖明-如何提高教槽料的營養利用效率(上海牧冠)

1、如何提高教槽料的营养利用效率上海牧冠股份有限公司陈祖明1纲要一、酶制剂的效能及使用关键二、功能性胺基酸及peptide的效能及应用三、霉菌毒素调查报告四、结论3456Newly weaned pigs have limited capacity of protein digestion due to low gastric HCl secretion and low pancreatic proteolytic enzyme secretion.Age(days)Items91218212728Milk-fed3.44.07.6Creep-fed2.86.011.6Unit: mmol H+/

2、hrCranwell (1985)7内忧营养成份值的虚虚实实玉米表观代谢能 (as fed)14.0 - 16.4 兆焦/公斤13.9 - 16.0 兆焦/公斤Leeson et al. (1993)Jiang (2004)8丹尼斯克玉米收穫報告，220個樣品淀粉含量 %淀粉的体外消化率 %56%25%73%69%20.030.040.050.060.070.080.0玉米/豆粉日粮中玉米中的淀粉可提供 45%的表观代谢能 !外患2750280028502900295030003050310012345678玉米样品回肠可消化能 (仟卡/公斤)对照组: 12.2 兆焦/公斤 (CV 2.8%)

3、+ XAP: 12.6 兆焦/公斤 (CV 1.3%) 对照组: 14.2 兆焦/公斤 (CV 5.4%)Reference: Danisco Technical reports 1300.CAN.96.21 and 1500.UK.98.3812345678914.912.915.213.615.313.415.214.314.914.015.414.715.715.015.815.116.015.2+ Xylanase: 15.4 兆焦/公斤(CV 2.4%)小麦表观代谢能 (兆焦/公斤 干基)酶制剂与养分的利用利用酶制剂释放及提升营养成份，缩小变异程度，将有利于降低安全边际用量，并可进一

4、步减少配方成本浪费小麦样品9改善3% 改善12.5%9.5 %酶制剂对胺基酸消化率的改善与日粮中回肠不可消化胺基酸浓度成正比10饲料酶制剂的受质使用酶制剂的主要功能为改善动物消化道内营养份的利用。可透过下列手段来达成降解抗营养因子 (如：植酸酶)提供动物所缺乏的作用活性 (如：非淀粉多糖酶)补充动物内源酶的不足 (如：淀粉酶、蛋白酶)酶制剂使用前应有的认知何种受质 (即酶制剂作用的目标) ?饲料中该项受质的含量多寡 ?营养份的消化率是否能够显着地改善 ?饲料中主要的目标酶为非淀粉多醣 (可溶性与不溶性)植酸盐淀粉 (谷物) 与蛋白质 (谷物与动物/植物蛋白源)11选择酶制剂的关键小麦/大麦：代

5、谢能的变异主要来自于 (可溶性) 非淀粉多醣使用纤维分解酶 (如：木聚醣酶) 可以处理多数代谢能的变异，进一步的利益系来自于淀粉与蛋白质的水解。玉米/高粱：代谢能的变异主要来自于淀粉/蛋白质的交感作用使用“简单的”纤维分解酶(无淀粉酶或蛋白酶活性)显然不是最适当的选择，此因纤维分解酶对代谢能变异的改善有限。回肠粗蛋白消化率 (%)回肠可消化能 (仟卡/公斤)XAP: 木聚醣酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶 XB: 木聚醣酶、葡聚醣酶 M: 甘露聚醣酶对照 (C)C + XAPC + XBC + M对照 (C)C + XAPC + XBC + M玉米/豆粉日粮主要的受质 淀粉 蛋白质 非淀份多醣 (阿拉伯木聚

6、醣)79.2 82.7 acbbc81.4 81.2 3306 a3493 c3363 b3355 bReference: Hu et al. (2010)12Utilization of dietary protein is possible after a protein is digested toSingle amino acids: absorbed by amino acid transporters, “Systems” (less than 40%)Di-/tri-peptide: absorbed by peptide transporters: PEPT1, PEPT2,

7、etc (more than 60%)Small peptide: for newborns(i.e., immunoglobulins)13蛋白质的吸收途径MarkerPhospholipase B (97.4kD) Bovine Serum Albumin (66.2kD)Ovalbumin (45kD)Carbonic anhydrase (31kD)Soybean trypsin inhibitor (21.5kD)Size of peptideLargerHydrolysis of soy peptide BeforeAfterSize of peptideLarger Lysozy

8、me (14.4kD)SmallerPhospholipase B (97.4kD) Bovine Serum Albumin (66.2kD)Ovalbumin (45kD)Carbonic anhydrase (31kD)Soybean trypsin inhibitor (21.5kD)MarkerHong et al., 2004SDS14 Table 1.Analysis of various protein dietsDe-hull SBMFish MealFermented SBM AFermented SBM BFermented SBM CMoisture （%）11127.

9、85.86.0Crude Protein（%）476550.2850.6851.2Total Amino Acid（%）44.6553.9538.2743.7350.99AA in Crude Protein（%）95.083.276.1286.2699.6Non-amino Nitrogen (%)5.017.823.813.70.4Digestibility（%）839292.993.999.4True Digestible AA (%)37.0149.6335.5641.0950.68Antigen (ppm)6000080000-34600530401000015Peptide Sti

10、mulates the development, re-generation of intestinal villus20 AA day-old chickens assigned to 2 diet groups.The test diets were formulation by adding 2.5% peptide(equvelent of 150 ppb of ZutideGALG ) into the control diet.The chickens were fed the 2 diets for 10 days respectively. On day-10, 3 chick

11、ens from each group were scarified and a section of jejunum was sampled and prepare for SSEM16Peptide 2.5%Control Peptide Stimulates the proliferation of intestinal probiotics17Table 2.Functional AA from peptidesArg, Gln, Leu, Trp, and Met are considered as functional amino acids.Arg, Gln, Glu, Pro,

12、 Asp, Asn, Orn, and Cit are inter-convertible via complex inter- organ metabolism in most mammals (including pigs).Wu, Kim, et al. (2007) Livestock Sci. 112:8-2218GlutamineGln is a major energy substrate for enterocytes and lymphocytes (for proliferation)Gln is an essential precursor for N-acetylglu

13、cosamine-6-P for mucosal cells.Synthesis of Arg from Gln in enterocytes.Prevention of intestinal atrophyStable in stomach and duodenum of piglets.Wu, Kim, et al. (2007) Livestock Sci. 112:8-22195004003002001000ADG (g/d)CONCONPPGlnE. coli K88 challengeGlutamineGln supplementation alleviated growth de

14、pression of E. coli K88-challenged pigs by improving gut health.Villus height (um)350300250200150100500CONCONPPGlnE. coli K88 challengeYi et al. (2005) J. Anim. Sci. 83:634-64320D7D14D21L-Arg supplementation (%)00.20.4 450400350300250200150100500Plasma GH (pmol/L)Arginine: Piglet growthKim, McPherso

15、n, and Wu (2004) J. Nutr. 134:625-63021D7D14D21L-Arg supplementation (%)00.20.4 D7D14D21L-Arg supplementation (%)908070605040302010000.20.4Kim, McPherson, and Wu (2004) J. Nutr. 134:625-630Arginine: Piglet growthPlasma insulin (pmol/L)22RMControlFM,5%DPS,3.5%FSBM,6%FSBM1.75%+DPS1.75%FSBM3%+FM2.5%Cor

16、n45.4549.9750.3047.9350.2548.95SBM, 46.5% 40.0131.4231.3831.4031.4031.39FM-5-2.5FSBM-61.753DPS-3.5-1.75-Whey101010101010Soybean oil111111MOP, 21% P1.530.901.381.551.451.23Limestone0.980.681.130.981.080.83L-LysHCl0.15 0.150.320.220.320.19 DL-Met0.120.110.160.140.170.13 L-Thr 0.060.070.130.080.130.08

17、PREMIX0.700.700.700.700.700.70Total100100100100100100Calculated ME, Kcal/kg3,3253,3583,3403,3253,3333,340 Total Lys, %1.53 1.53 1.531.531.531.53 Table 3. Diet composition ( as-fed basis) 23ItemControlFM,5%DPS,3.5%FSBM,6%FSBM1.75%+DPS1.75%FSBM3%+FM2.5%D 014 ADG,g 252a 268a313b269a 302b 255a ADFI,g331

18、x 356xy366y343xy355xy334x G:F0.75a,x0.75a,x0.86c,y0.79ab,x0.85bc,y0.76a,xD 1528 ADG,g 516ab,xy535ab,y529ab,xy546b,y500a,x540b,y ADFI,g 720 xy 724xy723xy740 xy701x746y G:F 0.720.740.730.740.720.72D 028 ADG,g 383a,y402ab,xy421b,x 407ab,x401ab,xy396ab,y ADFI,g525 540 544541 528538 G:F0.73b,x0.74ab,xy0.

19、77a,z0.75ab,xyz0.76ab,yz0.74b,xyTable 4.Effects of fish meal, fermented soybean meal, and dried porcine solubles on nursery pig performance Jones et al., J. Anim. Sci. 2010. 88:17251732 24ab: P 0.05Kim et al. 2003. J. Anim. Sci. 81:4932%abb25abab14%ab: P 0.05Kim et al. 2005. J. Anim. Sci. 83:1162614

20、%Y = 204.07 + 32.81 x PP + 34.65 x PeptideP(PP)=0.0010, P(peptide)=0.0011, P(I)=0.0001, P(model)=0.0013P(slopes of PP vs. Peptide)=0.83Relative bioavailability of soy peptide toplasma protein:105.6% (34.65/32.81)Kim et al. 2004. J. Anim. Sci. 82:4027P 0.10 (Peptide vs. SBM)Monson et al. 2007. J. Ani

21、m. Sci. 85:148SBMPlasmaPeptideReduced inflammatory stimulation28Chronic and acute toxicity : Dose related problems :Low contamination do not induce clinicalsymptoms but animalsare weakened (immunedefenses decreased) 剂量的多寡影响问题的产生： 低剂量毒素并不会造成临床症 状的产生，但是动物本身会感 到虚弱（ex免疫能力下降）Influence of environmental conditions 环境因