山东省菏泽2022-2023学年高三下学期联考英语试题含解析2

1、2022-2023学年高考英语模拟试卷注意事项：1 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用05毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。4保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1-Mum, can you tell me why some parents send their children to study ab

2、road at a very young age?-_, darling. I have never thought about it.AYou have got me there BTake your timeCYou bet DDont be silly2The boy stood his head down, listening to his mother scolding him for breaking the windows.AforBofCwithDaround3The expert points out the phenomenon that cream goes bad fa

3、ster than butter_ its structure rather than its chemical composition.Alives up toBgets down toCcomes down toDstands up to4(2015北京)_the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.ACatchingBCaughtCTo catchDCatch5What actually _ the accident has not yet been determined.Abrought ou

4、tBbrought onCbrought aboutDbrought up6Do you know that _ chairman of the meeting has announced that Mr Hodge has beenmade _ manager of this factory?Athe, theB/, theCthe, /Da, a7Frankly, I still feel confused about _ he could manage without access to the Internet for such a long time.AwhatBwhyCthatDh

5、ow8Mom，Ill stay in to accompany my grandpa this evening_!AWith pleasureBNever mindCSuit yourselfDIt depends9It s a good idea to get students to retell a story their own wordsAofBinCbyDthrough10_ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies.AHaving exposedBBeing ex

6、posedCTo exposeDExposed11 Do you have any problems if you _ this job? Well, Im thinking about the salary.Aoffer Bwill offer Care offered Dwill be offered12_ you sing and dance at this late hour of the night?Sorry, I will stop right now.AMayBShallCWillDMust13Not until _ the better qualities in oursel

7、ves _ expect to find them in others.Ahave we developed; can weBwe have developed; that can weCwe have developed; can weDcan we develop; that we will14That Americans have no history while Chinese have no future sounds _; it has raised a thought provoking question, though.Aartificial Barbitrary Caller

8、gic Dreluctant15You can ask anyone for help. _ here is willing to lend you a hand.AEveryoneBNo oneCOneDSomeone16Cell phones are now widely used in our daily lives，_ it possible for us to talk to anyone easily.Ato makeBmadeCmakeDmaking17You mean the position is still vacant?Yes, but you must know our

9、 job is very demanding._.AWith pleasure BI dont mind CDont mention it DThats all right18 Is it enough to finish the form for a passport, Madam? Your passport application form should be _ by two recent photos.AupdatedBaccompaniedCestablishedDidentified19Martin Luther King, Jr. put it that peace is no

10、t merely a distant goal that we seek, but a means _we arrive at that goal.AthatBwhereCby whichDwith which20Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way _ to the Home Circle Building.Aeasy enoughBenough easyCeasily enoughDenough easily第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分）

11、In 2013，a report from The Nero England Journal of Medicine showed that increased body weight is related to the death rate for all cancers. This is based on a study involving about 900,000 people, spanning many years.The study, started in 1992 by the American Cancer Society, included men and women fr

12、om all 50 states. The youngest participants were 30 years old, and the average age was 57. By December 2008, 24% of the participants had died, just a quarter of them from cancers. In analyzing the results, researchers attempted to take account of such potential factors as smoking drinking alcohol, t

13、aking aspirin and a wide variety of other factors that might otherwise affect the results. .The results are clear: the more you weigh, the greater your risk of dying of cancer will be (up to 52% higher for men and 62% for women). In men as well as women, the only cancers that did not have a strong c

14、onnection with weight were lung cancer and-brain cancer. For women, the strongest correlation with weight was uterine cancer (子宫癌), which is 6.5 times higher for women with a BMI (Body Mass Index) of 40 or more. For men, it was liver cancer, which is 4.5 times higher in most obese (肥胖的) men.Smokers

15、tend to be more successful in keeping weight off than non-smokers, slightly reducing the risk. But many of them dont have good lungs. Thus, in another way, they also face risks. As for why extra weight leads to excess cancer death rate, theres no clear agreement. But the decrease in vitamin D in obe

16、se people seems a likely factor. Vitamin D is known to have a role in preventing cancer. Also, there is a simple fact that obesity makes the management of cancer more difficult. Although for now there is no simple answer to why obesity increases a persons cancer risk, all we know for certain is that

17、 the risk is real.1、The passage is mainly concerned with the relationship between _.Adiet and cancer Bbody weight and cancerCsex and cancer Dsmoking and cancer2、The author develops the passage mainly through _.Atime order Bspace orderCanalysis and comparison Dfigures and examples3、The underlined wor

18、d “spanning” in the first paragraph probably means “_”.Alasting BincludingChappening Dchanging4、According to the passage, what can we learn about the study?AThere is a clear explanation concerning why obesity leads to more cancers.BGenerally speaking, women face fewer risks of dying of cancer than m

19、enCWomen with a BMI of 40 dying of uterine cancer are more than other women.DSmokers are still likely to face risks of dying of cancer though keeping weight off.22（8分）A little girl who battled against cancer received a special gift on her third birthday, thanks to a creative stranger from Idaho. Jes

20、sica Sebastian, owner of Sebastian Design, was contacted by Danielle Munger, whose daughter, Brynn, lost an eye because of cancer. Daniell asked Jessica if she could make a bunny doll with one eye.?”I make dolls, which is not a heroic profession by any means. But recently I was asked to make a doll

21、for a little girl who is a true superhero,” Jessica wrote.“A mama contacted me and asked if I would make a bunny doll with one eye for her two0year-old daughter who loves animals and lost her left eye to cancer. The girl had started to notice that she was different and her sweet mama read articles a

22、bout a doll which looks like a child can be helpful and therapeutic（有益健康）. She wanted her daughter to have a doll that looked like her and only had her right eye. Up to now, I dont think Ive ever been asked to create something so tender and meaningful.”Brynn received the special gift on March 25 dur

23、ing her family birthday party.“She smiled so big and then she could not open the rest of her presents until we got the bunny out of her box and she could show her off to all her cousins and family,” Danielle said.That evening, Danielle snapped a photo of Brynn in her wonder woman pajamas looking at

24、the bunny doll happily. She recalled her daughter saying, “She matches me!” “My favorite part of this photo is how she is wearing her wonder woman nightgown,” Jessica said. “It perfectly represents the strength and courage of this little superhero.1、Why did Danielle ask Jessica to make a bunny doll

25、with one eye?ATo sell it to a disabled girlBTo cure her daughter of cancerCTo meet the demand of her daughterDTo free her daughter from the feeling of difference2、What can we infer about Danielle from the passage?AShe is thoughtful mother. BShe is good at making bunny dolls.CShe believes in her daug

26、hters cure. DShe likes a bunny doll with one eye.3、What did Brynn mean by saying “She matches me!”?AHer mother was comforting her.BShe was glad to receive the disabled bunny doll.CShe only deserved to own the disabled bunny doll.DShe felt down when she was the disabled bunny doll23（8分） A dozen inter

27、national coffee experts shuffle（把脚挪来挪去）around a long wooden table, pausing at each steaming cup, heads dipping and sniffing deeply. Then theslurping（吃喝或吸吮的声音）begins. In the wings, coffee farmer Yang Fan watches intently as the judges circle, awaiting a verdict（裁定）on her latest crop of beans.China ma

28、y be the spiritual home of tea, but it is fast developing a reputation as a top coffee producer. This tasting was a side event to the first ever Puer International Specialty Coffee Expo in Chinas southwestern Yunnan province, which ran this winter and drew more than a thousand attendees, including i

29、ndustry aficionados(酷爱者) from across the globe.Coffee has huge potential in China, says Liu Ying, who swapped her life working in private-equity（私人股权） investment in Beijing to grow coffee in Puer five years ago. The younger generation prefers to drink coffee in their offices much more than tea. Stil

30、l, Puer remains synonymous with tea.This bustling （喧闹的）town near the Laos border is surrounded by the green hills scored with tea plantations; it produces a variety of tea which is also called Puer, considered one of Chinas most refined. But the regions mild climate is also perfect for growing Arabi

31、ca coffee. And as Chinas fast-living millennials move away from traditional tea in favor of the invigorating coffee, Puers farmers are catering to the demand.Yunnan accounts for 98% of Chinas coffee harvest, with half coming from the misty landscape around Puer. Today, China is the 13th biggest coff

32、ee producer in the worldrising from zero output three decades ago to 136,000 tons annually today.In April, Seattles annual Specialty Coffee Expo decided to showcase China as its portrait country of origin. It follows on the heels of Starbucks launching its first single-origin Yunnan coffee last year

33、 after eight years of partnership with Yunnan farmers.With global coffee prices at record lows, Yunnan farmers are processing beans in bespoke ways to create distinct flavorsallowing them to enter the market of specialty coffee.At current coffee prices, I cant even feed my family, says the farmer Ya

34、ng. My only way out is to produce specialty coffee, to make the best coffee beans.That means letting beans dry in their cherries, thus producing a wild, fruity flavor via environmental fermentation（发酵）,or allowing them to honey in their sugary inner layer, which adds a subtle sweetness.Back in the t

35、asting room, Yang awaits the experts verdict on whether all that extra effort was worthwhile.If I told you this was Colombian or Panama coffee, nobody would argue with me, says Samuel Gurel, CEO of Puers Torch Coffee Roasters, as Yang breaks into a huge grin. Its a great example of how Chinese coffe

36、e is evolving.1、What caused Liu Ying to quit her former job to grow coffee in Puer?AYunnan accounts for 98% of Chinas coffee harvest.BThere is a huge potential of coffee market in China.CShe wants to introduce the younger generation to coffee.DShe is tired of her work in private-equity investment.2、

37、According to the passage, we know that Arabica coffee _.Ais mainly grown in YunnanBappeals to Chinese, especially the youngCis a more invigorating drink compared with teaDneeds mild climate to grow3、The “extra effort” in the last paragraph refers to _.Aprocessing coffee beans in bespoke ways to crea

38、te distinct flavorsBforming a business partnership with StarbucksClowering the price of Yunnan coffee beansDreplacing Yunnan coffee with Colombian or Panama coffee4、What does Samuel Gurel think of Yangs coffee beans?ApraiseworthyBarguableCinferiorDunsatisfactory24（8分）Weve all heard the saying: pract

39、ice makes prefect! In other words, acquiring skills takes time and effort. But how exactly does one go about learning a complex subject such as tennis, calculus, or even how to play the violin? An age-old answer is: practice one skill at a time. A beginning pianist might rehearse scales(音阶) before c

40、hords(和弦). A young tennis player practices the forehand before the backhand. Learning researchers call this “blocking”， and because it is common and easy to schedule, blocking is dominant in schools, training programs, and other settings.However another strategy promises improved results. Enter “int

41、erleaving”， a largely unheard-of technique that is catching the attention of cognitive(认知) psychologists and neuroscientists. Blocking involves practicing one skill at a time before the next (for example, “skill A” before “skill B” and so on, forming the pattern “AAABBBCCC”), while in interleaving o

42、ne mixes practice on several related skills together (forming for example the pattern “ABCABCABC”).Over the past four decades, a small but growing body of research has found that interleaving often outperforms blocking for a variety of subjects, including sports and category learning. Yet there have

43、 been almost no studies of the technique in unplanned, real world settings-until recently. New research in schools finds that interleaving produces dramatic and long-lasting benefits for an essential skill: math. Not only does this finding have the potential to transform how math is taught, it may a

44、lso change how people learn more generally.Researches are now working to understand why interleaving produces such impressive results. One important explanation is that it improves the brains ability to tell apart between concepts. With blocking, once you know what solution to use, or movement to do

45、, the hard part is over. With interleaving, each practice attempt is different from the last, so rote(死记硬背) responses dont work. Instead, your brain must continuously focus on searching for different solutions. That process can improve your ability to learn critical features of skills and concepts,

46、which then better enables you to select and produce the correct response.A second explanation is that interleaving strengthens memory associations. With blocking, a single strategy，temporarily held in short-term memory, is sufficient. Thats not the case with interleaving-the correct solution changes

47、 from one practice attempt to the next. As a result, your brain is continually engaged at regaining different responses and bringing them into short-term memory. Repeating that process can strengthen neural connections between different tasks and correct responses, which improves learning.Both of th

48、ese accounts imply that increased effort during training, either to discriminate correct responses or to strengthen them, is needed when interleaving is used. This corresponds to a potential drawback of the technique, namely that the learning process often feels more gradual and difficult in the beg

49、inning. However, that added effort can have better, longer-lasting results.1、What can we learn from the new strategy of “interleaving”？AStudying related skills together has many impressive results.BLearning relevant skills together contributes to people mastering skills quickly.CFocusing on differen

50、t skills at a time saves people time and efforts in the beginning.DMixing up skills distracts peoples attention, thus lessening efficiency.2、Why does interleaving produce impressive results?AIt can be scheduled easily.BIt focuses on rote responses.CIt is temporarily held in short-term memory.DIt ena

51、bles you to learn critical features of skills and concepts.3、What does the passage mainly talk about?ABlocking involves practicing one skill at a time before the next.BCorrect solution often changes from one practice attempt to the next.CPractising one skill at a time plays an important role in lear

52、ning a complex subject.DStudying related skills or concepts together is an effective way to train your brain.25（10分）An autonomous vehicle designed for making local commerce deliveries was uncovered by Nuro. The vehicle is about the height of an SW but far narrower than a typical car. The electric ca

53、r features four outside compartments（暗格）two on each side -to hold separate deliveries. Each compartment can be tailored to a specific use, such as cooking a pizza or refrigerating a package.“We can use self-driving technology to deliver anything, anytime, anywhere for basically all local goods and s

54、ervices,” Nuro co-founder Dave Ferguson said. “Consumers used to be okay with two-week paid shipping. It became two-week free delivery, followed by one week, two days, and the same day. Now same-day delivery isnt fast enough for some customers.”Nuro isnt alone in building robots for local commerce d

55、eliveries. Earlier this month, Toyota, a Japanese car company, uncovered a concept vehicle that could be used for package delivery. A handful of startupsincluding Starship Technologies, Marble and Dispatchare testing small robots for deliveries on sidewalks.Nuros vehicle will likely face legal hurdl

56、es. Fully autonomous vehicles without a test diver arent legal in California today, and many companies have shifted testing o states where regulators are more welcoming of autonomous vehicles, such as Arizona.Nuro expects to face fewer challenges because it doesnt carry passengers. Nuros narrow size

57、 may also be helpful when navigating streets and avoiding pedestrians. The vehicle isnt equipped with any special features to communicate with pedestrians or other road users. Some companies have tested and patented solutions such as digital screens that signal the cars next move. Ferguson said his

58、team conducted studies and found that such techniques could confuse people. Nuro believes its better to make sure the car performs predictably, so that human drivers know what to expect from it.“We feel by creating this new technology thats going to enable this last mile delivery, were going to be c

59、reating new markets and doing things that previously werent possible,” Ferguson said. “This is not swapping out jobs with robots. Its creating new markets. There will definitely be new employment opportunities.”1、What is the main characteristic of the Nuros self-driving vehicle?AIt can cook deliciou

60、s meals for customers.BIt is a pioneer in the field of self-driving vehicles.CIt is fur narrower and higher than other autonomous ones.DIts deliveries can be transported in the special compartment.2、Which can best replace the underlined word “hurdles” in Paragraph 4?Abreakthrough. Bdilemma.Crestrict