中考英语现在完成时

1、中考英语现在完成时清华大学英语系测试：为中学英语量身定做.官方网站：HYPERLINK :/qinghua.yeryy / 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果中考英语现在完成时一、弄清根本构成方法现在完成时由“have / has+过去分词构成。其中的have / has 为助动词，构成疑问句时，可将其提前；构成否认句时，可直接在其后加not.二、掌握两种主要用法现在完成时主要有两种用法，一种是已完成用法，也叫影响性用法；另一种是未完成用法，也叫持续性用法。两种用法的特点是：1. 已完成用法影响性用法：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响

2、或结果，同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。如：She has left. 她离开了。对现在的影响或结果：她现在不在这儿。Has she found her car key？ 她找到她的车钥匙了吗？对现在的影响或结果：她能开她的车了吗？I have finished my work. 我的工作做完了。对现在的影响或结果：现在我没事了。He has eaten nothing today. 他今天什么也没吃。对现在的影响或结果：他现在一定很饿。2.未完成用法持续性用法：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去也可能到此结束。如：How

3、 have you been？ 你近来怎样？She has been a teacher for 20 years. 她已当了20年的老师。How long have you lived here？ 你在这里住了多久了？They have been married for ten years. 他们结婚已经10年了。Ive known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了。注：除以上用法外，现在完成时还可表示过去的重复动作甚至将来动作。如：He has always gone to work by bike. 他总是骑自行车上班。Ill go to bed when I

4、ve finished my homework. 我做完作业后就上床睡觉了。三、注意通常连用的副词 现在完成时通常连用的副词有already， never， ever， just， before， recently等。如：We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。He has never driven a car before. 他过去从未开过车。Have you ever been a teacher？ 你当过教师吗？Shes just been to a party. 她刚参加一个晚会回来。Ive just had some photos t

5、aken. 我刚照了几张相。但是，假设不强调动作对现在的影响，这些副词也可用一般过去时。如：He just arrived in Japan. 他刚到日本。Such things didnt happen before. 那样的事以前没有发生过。I hear that he went abroad recently. 我听说他最近出国了。四、注意since与现在完成时的关系 since不管用作介词、连词还是副词，句子主句谓语通常都用现在完成时。如：I havent seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她。I met him in 1975 and have

6、nt seen him since. 1975年我见过他，但自那以后就一直未见到他。We have been good friends since we met at school. 自从读书相识以来，我们一直是好朋友。注：表示时间长度时，通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如：Its a long time since I met you last. 好久不见了。Its about six months since we arrived here. 我们到这里大约有半年了。五、注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆，其区别是：前者强调对现在的影响和结果，

7、后者不强调这个影响和结果，而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去。如：Ive lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。现在仍住这儿I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。现在不住这儿了Has he got up？ 他起来了吗？ 着眼现在情况Did you get up very early？ 你起来很早吗？ 着眼动作本身Ive got no news from him. 我没听到他的消息。不知道他的情况怎样I got the news from Jim. 这消息我是从吉姆那听来的。单纯谈论动作六、掌握have been to 和h

8、ave gone to的用法区别两者均可后接地点，前者表示去过某地，通常可与表示次数的状语连用；后者表示到某地去了，强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。比拟：She has been to Europe twice. 她到欧洲去过两次。She has gone to Europe. 她到欧洲去了。即现在不在这儿注：假设其后不是接名词，而是接副词，那么不用to.如：He has been abroad many times. 他屡次出国。He has gone home. 他回家去了。清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：HYPERLINK :/qinghua.yeryy / 清华大

9、学英语教授50年研究成果book1 unit1survey 调查add up合计upset心烦意乱的ignore不理睬calm使平静calm dowm平静的have got to不得不concern使担忧be concerned about关心walk the dog遛狗loose松的go through经历set dowm记下series连续outdoors在户外on purpose成心in order to 为了dusk黄昏thunder打雷entire整个的power能力face to face面对面的curtain窗帘dusty积满灰尘的no longer不再partner伙伴sett

10、le安家suffer遭受suffer from患病highway公路recover痊愈get/be tired o对。厌烦fpack捆绑pack (sth)up将。打包suitcase手提箱overcoat大衣teenager十几岁的青少年get along with与。相处fall in love相爱exactly确实如此disagree不同意grateful感谢的dislike不喜欢join in参加tip提示swap交换item工程unit2elevator电梯petrol汽油gas汽油offical官方的voyage航行because of因为native本国的come up走进apa

11、rtment公寓actually实际上base以。为根底at present现在gradual逐渐的vocabulary词汇make use of利用spelling 拼写latter较后的identity本身fluent流利的singapore新加波such as例如frequent频繁的usage使用command命令request请求expression词语play a part 扮演一个角色eastern东方的recognize识别出lorry卡车accent口音lightning闪电straight直接block街区cab出租车unit3journal日记transport运输pre

12、fer更喜欢disadvantage不利之处fare费用flow流动ever since从那以后persuade说服cycle骑自行车graduate毕业fond喜欢的be fond of喜爱shortcoming缺点stubborn顽固的organize组织的care about关心determine决定change ones mind改变主意journey旅行altitude海拔高度make up onesmind下决心give in投降valley山谷pace缓慢而行bend弯atttude态度boil沸腾forecast预测parcel小包insurance保险wool羊毛as usu

13、al照常reliable可信赖的view风景pillow枕头midnight午夜flame火焰beneath在什么下面temple庙宇cave洞穴unit4earthquake地震riight away马上well并pipe管burst爆裂million百万event事件as if好似at an end结束nation国家canal运河steam蒸汽dirt污垢ruin废墟in ruins严重受损suffering苦难extreme极度的injure损伤destroy破坏brick砖dam水坝track轨道useless无用的shock使震动rescue援救trap使陷入困境electrici

14、ty电disaster灾难dig out发现bury埋葬mine矿山shelter掩蔽a number of大量的title标题reporter记者bar条damag损失efrighten使惊吓congratulation祝贺judge裁判员sincerely真诚的express表示outline要点headline报刊的大字标题cyclist骑自行车的人unit5quality质量mean吝啬的active积极的generous慷慨的self自我devote献身found建立republic共和国principle法那么peaceful和平的mankind人类lawyer律师guidance

15、指导legal法律的fee费out of work失业hopeful怀有希望的youth青年league同盟stage舞台vote投票attack进攻violence暴力as a matter of fact事实上 blow up使充气，爆炸equal相等的in trouble在危险willing乐意unfair不公正的turn to求助于lose heart丧失信心escape逃脱blanket毛毯educate教育come to power当权beg乞求relative亲戚terror恐怖cruelty残忍reward报酬set up设立sentence判决be sentenced to被

16、判决president总统opinion意见book2 unil1rare稀罕的valuable贵重的survive幸免vase花瓶dynasty朝代in search of寻找amaze使吃惊select选择honey蜂蜜design设计fancy奇特的style风格decorate装饰jewel珠宝artist艺术家belong属于in return作为回报troop群reception接待at war处于交战状态remove移动less than 少于wooden木制的doubt疑心former以前的worth值得的local本地的apart别离地take apart拆开painting

17、绘画castle城堡trial审判evidence根据explode爆炸entrance人口sailor水手sink下沉maid少女think highly of看重informal非正式的debate争论unit2ancient古代的compete比赛take part in参加medal奖章stand for代表magical魔术的volunteer志愿者homeland祖国regular规那么的basis根底athlete运发动admit容许slave奴隶nowadays现今gymnastics体操stadium体育场gymnasium体育馆as well也host主办responsib

18、ility责任replace取代motto座右铭swift快的charge收费physical物理的fine罚款poster海报advertise做广告glory荣耀bargain讨价还价hopeless没有希望的foolish愚蠢的pain痛苦one after another陆续的deserve应受unit3calculate计算universal普遍的simplify简化sum总数operator操作员logical合逻辑的technology工艺revolution革命artificial人造的intelligence智力solve解决from. on从。时起reality事实pers

19、onal私人的tube管as a result结果total总的so.that如此。以至于。network网络web网application应用finance金融mobile可移动的rocket火箭explore探索anyhow无论如何goal目标happiness幸福human race人类download下载virus病毒signal发信号type类型in a way在某种程度上coach教练arise出现with the help of在。帮助下electronic电子的appearance外观character性格mop拖把deal with处理watch over看守niece侄女u

20、nit4wildlife野生动植物protection保护wild野生decrease减少die out灭亡loss损失reserve保护区hunt打猎zone地域in peace和平地in danger在危险中species种类carpet地毯respond答复distant远处fur毛relief羚羊in relief如释重负laughter笑mercy仁慈certain确定的importance重要rub摩擦protect.from保护mosquito蚊子insect昆虫contain包含powerful强大的affect感动attention注意appreciate鉴赏succeed成

21、功secure平安的income收入employ雇佣harm损害bite咬dinosaur恐龙come into being形成inspect检查incident事件dust灰尘according to按照fierce凶猛的so that以至于ending结局unit5roll滚动folk民间的jazz爵士音乐musician音乐家dream of梦见pretend假装to be honest说实话attach系上from组成passer-by行人earn赚extra额外的instrument工具perform表演pub酒吧cash现金studio工作室millionaire百万富豪play

22、jokes on戏弄actor男演员rely依赖rely on依赖broadcast播送humorous幽默的familiar熟悉or so大约break up打裂attractive吸引人的addition加in addition另外sort out分类dip浸confident自信的brief简短的devotion投入afterwards然后invitation邀请beard胡须sensitive敏感的painful痛苦的above all最重要book3unit1take place发生Beauty美人Harvest收获Celebration祝贺Hunter猎人Starve饿死Origi

23、n起源Religious宗教上Ancestor祖先in memory of纪念Feast节日Bone骨Belief信任dress up盛装Trick诡计play a trick on搞恶作剧Poet诗人Arrival到来Gain获得Independence独立Gather搜集Agriculture农业Award奖Rooster公鸡Admire赞美Energetic充满活力的look forward to期待Easter复活节day and night日夜Clothing衣服Christian基督徒as though好似have fun with玩的开心Custom习惯Worldwide普及全球

24、Fool愚人Permission许可Parking停放turn up出现keep ones word守信用hold ones word屏息Apologize抱歉Drown淹死Sadness悲哀Obvious明显Wipe檫Woven编织Weep哭泣set off出发Remind提醒Forgive原谅unit2Diet日常饮食Nut坚果Bean豆Pea豌豆Cucumber黄瓜Eggplant茄子Pepper辣椒Mushroom蘑菇Peach桃子Lemon柠檬Balance平衡Barbecue烧烤Mutton羊肉Roast烤制的Fry油煎Ought应当Bacon腊肉lose weight减肥Slim

25、苗条的Curiosity好奇心Hostess女主人Raw生的Vinegar醋get away with被放过Lie谎话Customer顾客Discount折扣win .back赢回Weakness缺点Strength强项Consult咨询Fibre纤维Digest消化Carrot胡萝卜earn ones living谋生Debt债务Glare怒目而视Spy窃探Limit限定Benefit利益Breast胸部Garlic大蒜Sigh叹气Combine联合cut down消减before long不久以后put on weight增加体重unit3Birthplace故土bring up抚养Nov

26、el小说Adventure奇遇Phrase短语Author著者Scene一场Wander漫游Pavement人行道Businessman商人Permit许可Ahead在前by accident偶然Bay海湾Stare凝视Fault过错Spot发现Passage船费Account认为Embassy大使馆Seek寻求Patience耐性Contrary反面Envelope信封Unbelievable难以置信Dessert餐后甜点Amount数量take a chance冒险Rude粗鲁的Manner礼貌Scream尖叫声Genuine真的Rag破布Indeed真正的as for关于Bow鞠躬Bar

27、ber理发师unit4Astronomy天文学System系统Religion宗教Theory学说Atom原子Billion万亿Globe地球仪Violent猛烈的in time及时Carbon碳Atmosphere大气层Unlike不同Fundamental根本的Harmful有害的Acid酸Chain链子Multiply乘Oxygen氧lay eggs下蛋Exist存在give birth to产生Thus因此in ones turn轮到某人Dioxide二氧化碳Prevent.from阻止Puzzle谜Biology生物学Gravity万有引力Satellite卫星Gentle温和的Ph

28、ysicist物理学家block out挡住Climate气候Crash碰撞Spaceship宇宙飞船Pull拉cheer up感到快乐Float浮动now that既然break out突发watch out密切关注unit 5Quiz测验Canadian加拿大人Minister大臣prime minister首相rather than与其Continent州Baggage行李Eastward向东Surround包围Harbour海港Measure测量Aboard在飞机上settle down定居manage to do设法做catch sight of看见Eagle鹰have a gift

29、 for对。有天赋Within在。之内Border边界Slight轻微的Acre英亩Urban城市的Topic话题Mix混合Mixture混合物Bush灌木Maple枫树Frost霜Confirm证实Wealthy富有的Distance距离in the distance在远方Mist薄雾Schoolmate同学Booth公用 亭Downtown市区的Approximately接近Dawn黎明Buffet自助餐Broad宽阔的Nearby在附近Tradition传统Terrify使恐怖Pleased欣喜impress 使印象深刻Book4Unit1Achievement成就Welfare福利Pr

30、oject工程Institute学会Specialist专家Connection链接Human being人类Campaign运动Organization组织Behave举动Shade阴凉处Move off离开Worthwhile值得的Nest窝Bond联系Observe观察Childhood童年Outspoken直言Respect尊重Argue讨论Argument争论Entertainment款待Lead a.life过着。的生活Crowd人群Crowd in 涌上心头Inspire鼓舞Support支持Look down upon藐视Refer谈到Audience观众By chance碰巧

31、Come across遇见Rate比率Sickness疾病Intend方案Emergency突发事件Generation一代Kindness仁慈Considerate考虑周到Consideration考虑 体谅Deliver递送Carry on继续Modest谦虚的Unit2Statistic数据Sunburnt晒黑Struggle斗争Decade十年Super特级的Output混合Crop庄稼Hunger饥饿Disturbing引起烦恼的Expand使变大Circulate循环Vietnam越南Thinks to幸亏Battle战斗Rid摆脱Rid.of摆脱Be satisfied with

32、对。感到满意Freedom自由Would rather宁愿Therefore因此Equip配备Grain谷物Export输出Nationality国籍Occupation工作Confuse使迷惑Regret遗憾Chemical化学Production生产Bacteria细菌Pest害虫Build up逐渐增强Lead to导致Nutrition营养Mineral矿物Discovery觉察Focus焦点Focus on集中Soil土壤Reduce减少Keep.free from 使免受Root 根源Skim 浏览Underline 强调Summary 总结Comment 评论Unit3Humou

33、r 幽默Comedy 喜剧Up to now 直到Content 满足的Performer 表演者Astonish 使惊讶Fortunate 幸运的Badly 缺少的Ordinary 平常的Bored厌烦的Entertain使快乐Throughout 普及Homeless 无家可归的Moustache 小胡子Worn用旧的Failure失败者Overcome战胜Leather皮革Pick out挑出Chew嚼碎Convince使信服Convincing令人信服的Direct导演Star in担任主角Outstanding突出的Gesture姿势Particular特殊的Occasion时刻Bu

34、dget预算Actress女演员Slide滑动Amuse使发笑Pancake烙饼Explanation解释Detective侦探Mountainous多山的Whisper耳语Vast巨大的Mess乱Rest做出反响Porridge粥Drunk醉的Unit4Statement陈述Greet迎接Represent代表Association社团Dormitory宿舍Canteen食堂Flight飞行Curious好奇的Approach接近Cheek面颊Defend保护Major主要的Misunderstand误解Dash猛冲Adult成人Spoken口语的Likely可能的Be like to很可能

35、In general总的来说Crossroads十字路口Facial面部的Function作用Ease安逸At ease舒适的Truly真实的False错误的Anger怒气Lose face丢脸Turn ones back to背对Fist拳头Yawn打呵欠Subjective主观的Hug拥抱Rank等级Cassette磁带Unit5Theme题目Central中央的Various不同的Cartoon漫画Be famous for以什么闻名Whichever无论哪一个Fantasy梦想Amusement消遣Swing秋千Attraction吸引力No wonder难怪Tourism旅游业Whe

36、rever无论在什么地方Unique独一无二的Carpenter木匠Engine引擎Preserve保存Length长度Deed行动Be modelled after骑士Sword剑Tournament锦标赛Settler移民Athletic运动的Translator翻译Minority少数Cloth布Jungle丛林Creature生物Sunlight阳光Advance前进Brand商标Get close to接近Come to life活泼Outing外出Admission允许进入Shuttle往返汽车Freeway高速公路Souvenir纪念品Sneaker运动鞋Brochure指南清华

37、大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：HYPERLINK :/qinghua.yeryy / 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果初中英语语法总结一览表语法工程构 成用 法象 征 词规那么变化不规那么变化例 句一般现在时动词用原形三人称单数-s / es表示经常性的动作或状态Every often always on 天 in月、季、节、年。一般-s es 辅音y-ieshave-hasHe goes to school every day.I often have lunch at home.一般过去时动词用过去时Bewas/ were表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态ago/just n

38、ow /In1998 last/yesterday 等一般/去e 双写/辅y结尾iedgo-went come-camedo-did leave-left等He wrote a letter yesterday.I studied hard last year.一般将来时be going toV原will / shall + V原在将来某个时间或某段时要做的事tomorrow / afternext / tonight in 2021Go come leave stayfly等用进行表将来Are you going to read ?He is coming tomorrow .现在进行时be

39、doing 表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态listenlooknowall the timeDont一般去e 双写+ingtiedielie 变ie为y加ing Tom is writing now .They are lying on the bed .现在完成时现在完成进行have / has +PPhave/has been+doing发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等模糊的频率副词alreadyjustnever ever 分词规那么的同过去式是一样的不规那么的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆I have been teaching for 8 years. He has slept for t

40、wo days. .过去进行时was / were +doing多用于复合句中表在过去某时间正在进行的动作at this time yesterdaylast Sunday evening一般去e 双写+ingtiedielie 变ie为y加ingHe was reading at that time last Friday过去完成时had+动过去分词多用于复合句中该动作发生在过去的过去by the time过去时whenafterbefore规那么的分词构成与过去时一样的需要逐个记忆详见不规那么动词表We had learnt 2000 wordsby the end oflast year

41、.过去将来时would + V 原形多用宾语从句中过去看来将要发生的动作或状态He said that he the next day .He said that he would come here the next day .比拟级形式形容副词名词后-er 前加more名词比拟用more表示两个人、物之间进行比拟时than /much/ a little far / in the two 等一般/去e 双写/辅y结尾iergood/well bettermuch/manymore She is the tall in the two.He runs faster than Tom .最高级

42、形式形容副词名词后-est 前加most名词比拟用most大于等于三个人、物之间进行比拟in the 比拟范围of the 具体的数字一般/去e 双写/辅y结尾iestbad/ill/badly-worstfar-farther-farthestShe is the most beautifulin her class.(最高级加the)动词不定式to do没有人称和数的变化作主语To read is helpful for anybody now .作宾语He wants to buy a dictionary.作宾补I hear him sing yesterday Tom told me

43、 to open it.作表语His job is to take care of children .作状语Hell go to see a doctor tomorrow .作定语He has much homeworkto do every day .主从复合句状语从句句子作状语时间地点原因条件让步比拟He was writing a letter when I came in。宾语从句句子作宾语语序、时态、引导词、客观事实He asked me if I had been to Beijing before.定语从句句子作定语修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词I saw the man

44、who was stealing my bike yesterday主动结构与被动结构主动语态：主语人、物+ 谓语 + 宾语动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者被动语态：主语人、物+be PP + by宾语动作承受者 +bePP + by动作执行者在被动语态中没有可以省to 的不定式We speak English .主语 谓语 宾语Englishis spoken by us 宾改主谓语动词 be PP 主by 宾主动变被动，先找主、谓、宾，宾改主、主by宾，代词变格要细心，谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规那么详见表被动句的时态be随主动句的时

45、态do人称和数应随被动句的主语(am、is、are、was、were等 )简要搜集了一些信息希望对大家有用清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：HYPERLINK :/qinghua.yeryy / 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果Unit 9 When was he born重要词组international sports stars国际运动明星 a great Chinese ping-pong player 杰出的中国乒乓球运发动was(were) born 出生于the world record世界记录start hiccupping / stop hiccupping开

46、始打嗝start doing (to do) sth.开始做某事begin doing (to do) sth. 开始做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事6. too to太.而不7. for example例如8. play for为效力9. national team国家队10. write music谱写曲子11. a movie star一个电影明星12. perform Beijing Opera表演京剧13. the Chinese gymnast一个中国体操运发动14. win a gold medal赢得一块金牌15. the World Championships

47、世界锦标赛16. learn to ride a bicycle学会骑自行车17. start learning English开始学英语18. begin playing sports 开始进行体育运动19. a comedy called一部叫的喜剧20. a loving grandfather一个慈祥的祖父21. spend all ones free time with sb.与某人一起度过了所有的业余时间 spend time with sb.与某人一起度过时光22. a famous violinist 一个著名的小提琴手23. ice skating滑冰24. a kind a

48、nd loving grandmother一个和蔼而慈祥的祖母25. a skating champion 一个滑冰冠军26. the well-known Chinese pianist中国著名的钢琴演奏家27. hum songs哼歌28. pieces of music音乐篇章29. begin to learn the accordion开始学习手风琴30. at the age of在年龄时31. start to learn the piano开始学习钢琴32. take part in参加、参加33. win the first prize赢得一等奖34. the 14th Ch

49、opin International Piano Competition 第十四届肖邦国际钢琴比赛35. receive such an honor获得这样的荣誉35. because of 因为、由于36. major in 主修，专修重要句型1When was he born？He was born in 1895. be born出生于be用过去时态形式was或were，因为人的出生多为发生在过去的事，所以用一般过去时The great pianist was born on October 10th, 1890那位伟大的钢琴家出生在1890年十月十日。Where were you bo

50、rn? 你在哪儿出生的？I was born in Beijing我出生在北京。be born 后可接时间也可接地点，但接时间时，要根据具体时间而选定不同的介词。I was born in 1991.I was born in March.I was born in March, 1991.I was born on March, 5th.I was born on March. 5th, 1991.2Whos that? Thats Deng Yaping. She is a great Chinese ping-pong player. 3How long did Charles Osbo

51、rne hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years 5 months.“How long 是就一段时间进行提问，因此答复时用for后面加一段持续的时间。- How long did he learn English? 他学英语多久了？- He learned English for ten years. 他学英语十年了。4You are never too young to start doing things.你永远不会小到不能做事情的地步。tooto 太而不能是英语中常用的一种结构，其句型为“too形容词或副词原级to do ，译为“太而以致不能。它在形式上是肯定的

52、，但在意义上是否认的。“tooto本身已含有否认的意思，因此，不定式前一般不加notShe is too young not to go to school She is too young to go to school The water is too hot to drink水太烫不能喝。The boy is too young to look after himself.这个男孩太小了，还不能自己照顾自己。This house is too big to clean in one day.这幢房子太大了，一天内清扫不完。She is too young to go to school.

53、 她太小不能去上学。The old men started singing / to sing. 老人们开始唱歌。We started doing our homework at 7 oclock last night.我们昨晚7点开始写作业。5Tiger Woods started golfing when he was only ten months old.泰戈伍德在只有10个月大的时候开始玩高尔夫球。When he was a small boy, he could hum songs and difficult pieces of music. 在他还是一个小孩子的时候，他就能哼唱歌

54、曲和难的乐曲。when是从句的引导词，意为 “的时候。 Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.莫扎特在四岁的时候，开始写音乐。It rained when I got home. 当我到家的时候，天下雨了。when的用法：1作疑问副词，意为“什么时候When are you leaving? 你什么时候离开？When did Tony go to the library? 托尼什么时候去的图书馆。2作附属连词，引导一个时间状语从句，意为“当的时候When he was a small boy, he began to p

55、erform Beijing Opera当他是个小男孩时，他就开始表演京剧。She toured the U.S. when she was fourteen她十四岁时就周游了美国。6Arthur is a loving grandfather. He spends all his free time with his grandchildren.阿瑟是一位慈祥的祖父。他与他的孙子、孙女一起度过了他所有的业余时间。spend意为“花费时间/金钱Im planning to spend time in the beautiful countryside我打算在美丽的乡村度过时光。She spen

56、t $ 500 last year她去年花了五百美元。Aspend on sth 在某物事上花费时间，金钱Maria spent five yuan on the book玛丽亚花了五元钱在这本书上。/ 玛丽亚买这本书花了五元。I often spend a lot of time on my homework every night我经常每天晚上花两个小时做家庭作业。Bspend indoing sth 花时间或金钱干某事I often spend a lot of time indoing my homeworkMaria spent five yuaninbuying the book注

57、意，spend的主语必须是人，在第四单元中学过“It takes sb some time / money to do 也可表示“做某事花某人多少时间/金钱，但take的主语应是物，而不能是人。It takes me a lot of time to do my homeworkIt took Maria five yuan to buy the book用于描述人物的形容词talented天才的，loving慈祥的，outstanding杰出的，unusual罕有的，creative有创造力的，famous著名的，great伟大的，很棒的，beautiful美丽的7 Li Yundi, th

58、e well-known Chinese pianist, always loved music中国著名钢琴家李云迪总是喜爱音乐。划线局部是“Li Yundi的同位语，作进一步解释说明。8. When he was a small boy, he could hum songs and difficult pieces of music当他是个小男孩时，他就能够哼唱歌曲和一些较难的音乐篇章。9 He began to learn the accordion at the age of four. 他四岁十就开始学习手风琴。at the age of 在岁时At the age of 4 Mik

59、e began to write story books.迈克四岁时就开始写故事书。年龄表达方法1用基数词表达年龄，可以加上“years old three years old.2用when引导的从句 when I was threeyears old3at the age of 基数词 at the age of three4基数词-year-old three-year-old，注意这种表达常作定语如a three-year-old boy.10Li Yundi took part in the 14th Chopin International Piano Competition in

60、Polan. 李云迪在波兰参加了第14届肖邦国际钢琴比赛。 join 和take part in两者都表示“参加join指“参加某种组织take part in 表示参加某项活动 He joined the Party at the age of 40他40岁时入了党。 When did your brother join the Army? 你哥哥什么时候参的军？ Do you want to take part in the sports meeting? 你想参加运动会吗？11. He was also the first Chinese Pianist in the 70-year h