2023届株洲市重点中学高三第四次模拟考试英语试卷含解析

1、2023届高考英语模拟试卷注意事项：1 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用05毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。4保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1The customs officers were insisting that suitcases should be opened and thei

2、r contents _ for closer inspection.Alaid outBgiven outCsent outDpicked out2I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.AwhoBthatCasDwhat3-We found a buyer for our house, but then the sale _.- Why not promote it by posting an advertisement online?Afell through Bgot throughCcl

3、eared up Dlooked up4What about watching a ballet show this evening?Thanks for inviting me, but ballet isnt really _.Athe apple of my eyeBmy feet of clayCmy cup of teaDthe salt of the earth5In many homes in the UK, the first person _ has to make tea for the family.Awaking upBto wake upCwoke upDwoken

4、up6The farmer said the PLA men came to rescue timely when they _in the snowstorm.Awere trapping Bwere being trappedCare trapping Dare being trapped7The problem with the current system allows anyone to commit a similar crime without . It needs to be fixed.Abeing punished BpunishedCto punish Dpunishin

5、g8My toothache me. I thought it was going away, but it is getting worse now.Akills Bis killing Chas killed Dkilled9The general secretary stressed that what he had just said was only his _view, not official intentions.AprivateBseparateCpersonalDsingle10We should organize useful activities, which will

6、 _ the relationship of the students.AappointBemployCpromoteDcommit11We have strong _ for believing that the newly-invented material is not only popular but also a monument to the eco-friendly lifestyle.AgroundsBreasonsCcausesDpurposes12Professor Li _ for his informative lecture, was warmly received

7、by the students.Aknown BknowingChaving known Dto be known13The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the _ to achieve it.Aacquisition BcomprehensionCdetermination Dsatisfaction14As you go through this book, you _ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a

8、different experience.Awill findBfoundChad foundDhave found15-Mr. Johnson has been chosen as the manager of the sales department.-_ he was so excited this morning.ANo chanceBNo wayCNot possibleDNo wonder16It is widely acknowledged that students should be _ in terms of overall quality.AsupportedBmatch

9、edCevaluatedDcontrolled17For the final _ of our journey，we decided to take the coach.Aleg BroundCdistance Dpath18I found my computer functioning much better, _ a new operating system.Ato installBinstallingChaving installedDinstalled19My mother opened the drawer to _ the knives and spoons.Aput awayBp

10、ut upCput onDput together20 more about the place where you live,and you will shoulder more responsibility to protect itALearning BTo learn CLearn DLearned第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分） Exercise could not only benefit your body, but also imp rove your memory, researchers foun

11、d recently. In their paper published on Monday, researchers from the University of California ,Irvine in the United States and the University of Tsukuba in Japan introduced their experiment and conclusion.Scientists invited 36 volunteers who were in their early 20s to do 10 minutes of light exercise

12、 before taking a memory test in which they were shown pictures like broccoli(西兰花)or picnic baskets and asked to recall them later. The same experiment was repeated with the same group of volunteers without exercising. The memory task was really quite challenging ,said Michael Yassa, co-author of the

13、 study and a neuroscientist (神经科学家)at theUniversity of California, Irvine. We used very tricky similar items to see if they would remember whether it was this exact picnic basket versus (对抗)that picnic basket. Researchers also scanned brains of some of the participants during the experiment. They fo

14、und strengthened communication between regions involved in the storage and recollection of memories in brains of those who had exercised. This suggested that just 10 minutes of light exercise like walking, yoga or Tai Chi might increase memory power.As all the volunteers in the experiment were relat

15、ively young, researchers are still working to look at the effects of light exercise on older people. Our future goal is to try to develop an exercise prescription (处方)that can be used by older adults who might have disabilities or mobility impairments, but can still adopt very simple exercise rules

16、of life and be able to, perhaps, delay cognitive decline temporarily, said Yassa.1、What did the researchers find from the experiment mentioned in the text?ARegular exercise is of benefit to the memory of all people.BJust a short period of exercise better young peoples memory power.COlder people can

17、also imp rove their cognitive power by exercising regularly.DAU the volunteers in the experiment imp roved their memory through exercise.2、Why was the memory task quite challenging?AThe lime to solve the questions was too limited.BThe questions asked by the scientists were loo comp Heated.CThe items

18、 to be distinguished were extremely similar.DThe people in the experiment were disabled.3、What s the purpose of the text?ATo solve a problem.BTo give practical advice.CTo present a research result.DTo tell an interesting sotry4、What can be a suitable title for the text?AAdvantages of Exercising Regu

19、larlyBExercise Is Beneficial to Both Young and OldCExercise Can Imp rove Older People s Cognitive PowerDTen Minutes of Exercise a Day Might Imp rove Memory22（8分）To err is human. Society is suffering from an inability to acknowledge as much.For individuals, errors are painful. The trick, then, is to

20、err well: to recognize mistakes and learn from them. Worryingly, humanity may be getting worse at admitting its mistakes.Few enjoy the feeling of being caught out in an error. But real trouble starts when the desire to avoid a punishment leads to a refusal to deal with contrary evidence. Economists

21、often assume that people are sensible. When faced with a new fact, these people should update their view of the world to take better decisions in future. Yet years of economic research confirms that people frequently disregard information that conflicts with their view of the world.Why should that b

22、e? Last year Roland Benabou, of Princeton, presented a framework for thinking about the problem. In many ways, beliefs are like other economic goods. People spend time and resources building them, and get value from them: some beliefs make owners feel good and show their public identity; other belie

23、fs provide value by shaping behaviorfor example, religious asceticism(禁欲主义) can help one avoid unhealthy habits.Because beliefs, however, are not simply tools for making good decisions, but are treasured in their own right, new information that challenges them is unwelcome. People often engage in “m

24、otivated reasoning” to manage such challenges. Mr Benabou classifies this into three categories. “Strategic ignorance” is when a believer avoids information offering conflicting evidence. In “reality denial”， troubling evidence is rationalized(合理化)：real estate investors might make up fanciful theori

25、es for why prices should behave unusually, and supporters of a disgraced politician might claim the negative news to be fake. And lastly, in “selfsignalling”， the believer creates his own tools to interpret the facts in the way he wants: an unhealthy person, for example, might decide that going for

26、a daily run proves he is well.“Motivated reasoning” is a cognitive bias(偏见). Not all the errors it leads to are costly: praising the performance of ones supported football team despite contradictory evidence does little harm. But when biases are broadly sharedwithin financial world or political part

27、iesdanger arises. Motivated reasoning helps explain why viewpoints polarize (两极分化) even as information is more easily available than ever before.Work by Mr Benabou suggests that groupthink is highest when people within groups face a shared fate: when choosing to break from a group is unlikely to spa

28、re an individual the costs of the groups errors or bring much individual benefit. The incentive(动力) to engage in motivated reasoning is high as a result. Even as the fact on a particular issue is obvious, parties can still become increasingly polarized. That, in turn, can make it harder still for a

29、member of one party to get any benefit from breaking from a group. Indeed, the group has an incentive to silence independent voices.Public statements of regret are risky in a rigidly polarized world. Admissions of error can not only annoy partners but also provide opportunities for opponents. But it

30、 is rarely in the interest of those in the right to pretend that they are never wrong.1、According to the passage, beliefs are similar to economic goods in that _Aboth are entertaining and valuable Bboth can be shaped by religious faithCboth can reflect who the owners are Dboth promote religious deve

31、lopment2、Which of the following is an example of “selfsignalling”？AA fan speaks highly of his team although it has just lost the game.BA man covers his ears when stealing a bell, believing the bell wont ring.CSupporters of Trump believe the news about his affairs with a lady is fake.DSuspected AIDS

32、carriers refuse to be tested though it can be done for free.3、What can be inferred from Paragraphs 6 and 7?APolarization causes individuals to break from the group.BRicher sources of information decrease motivated reasoning.CIndividuals with independent voices are dismissed from the group.DIndividua

33、ls in a group engage in motivated reasoning for their own interests.4、Which of the following opinions might the author agree with?ADenying errors is unavoidable.BFailure to admit errors is harmful.CHumans are getting better at erring well.DWise people ignore contrary worldviews.23（8分）When going thro

34、ugh major life changes, like changing careers, I would change the people with whom I spent the most time. Weve all gone through periods when the people in our lives have changedgraduation, moving to a new city, getting a new job, joining a new club, etc. I dont think I need to convince you just how

35、much influence other people can have over your identity. If youve ever experienced a major switch in your people environment, then you know that you change as well.Most people dont make these choices consciously though. You might consciously decide to spend more time with a certain friend, or you ma

36、y ask someone out on a date to begin a new relationship. But few people choose their existing friendships deliberately.Theres no “getting rid of people”. People are always dropping into and out of each others lives. Associations grow into friendships, and friendships fade into associations. You dont

37、 get rid of anyone. The truth is that in order to make room for new people and new experiences, you may need to loosen up some of your existing connections.What about loyalty? Shouldnt you always be loyal to your friends? Once you have a close friend, even if their influence on you is slightly harmf

38、ul, shouldnt you stick by them?Loyalty to a friend sometimes means having to let go. It means being loyal to their highest and best as well. If someone is destroying his health by smoking, for example, you arent showing loyalty by smoking right along with him. True loyally sometimes requires that yo

39、u break damaging connections, get yourself back on solid ground, and then decide what you can really do to help your friend.It can take a lot of courage to tell someone, “Im sorry, but I cant have you in my life anymore. But even though this might seem like a selfish act at times, its often the best

40、 thing for the other person too. If a relationship is holding you back in some way, understand that it is also hurting the other person. For example, if you work for a violent boss, your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave vio

41、lently.1、When experiencing major life changes, people may _.Ajoin a new social community Binfluence their friends aroundCchoose their friendships purposely Dhave their people environment changed2、What can be concluded from Paragraph 3 in the passage?AEveryone has at least one friend.BFriendship stil

42、l exists though theres less connection.CIt is unnecessary to make new friends.DYou ought to treat your old and new friend equally.3、What is the authors opinion on the loyalty to friends?ANever betray your close friends whatever happens.BCorrect their mistakes while you guard their goodness.CStick by

43、 your friends even though they do harm lo you.DBreak up with your friends immediately if they smoke.4、How should we behave when employed by a violent boss?AWe should accept what we are told to do.BWe should stay silent and be in favor of it.CWe should bravely disobey him if he is wrong.DWe should gi

44、ve our boss courage to continue.24（8分）As the worlds population grows, farmers will need to produce more and more food. And large farms are increasingly using precision farming to increase yields (产量), reduce waste, and reduce the economic and security risks that inevitably accompany agricultural unc

45、ertainty.Traditional farming relies on managing entire fieldsmaking decisions related to planting, harvesting, irrigating, and applying pesticides and fertilizer (农药和化肥)based on regional conditions and historical data. Precision farming, by contrast, combines sensors, robots, GPS, mapping tools and

46、data-analytics software to customize（量身定制）the care that plants receive without increasing labor. Robot-mounted sensors and camera-equipped drones (无人机) wirelessly send images and data on individual plants to a computer, which looks for signs of health and stress. Farmers receive the feedback in real

47、 time and then deliver water, pesticide or fertilizer in adjusted doses（剂量）to only the areas that need it. The technology can also help farmers decide when to plant and harvest crops.As a result, precision farming can improve time management, reduce water and chemical use, and produce healthier crop

48、s and higher yieldsall of which benefit farmers bottom lines and conserve resources while reducing chemical runoff.Many small businesses are developing new software, sensors, and other tools for precision farming, as are large companies such as Monsanto, John Deere, Bayer, Dow and DuPont. The U.S. D

49、epartment of Agriculture, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration all support precision farming, and many colleges now offer course work on the topic.In a related development, seed producers are applying technology to improve plant characteristics. By following individual plants

50、 over time and analyzing which ones flourish in different conditions, companies can relate the plants response to their environments with their genomics (基因组学). That information, in turn, allows the companies to produce seed varieties that will grow well in specific soil and weather conditions. This

51、 advanced technology may also help to improve crop nutrition.Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture for various reasons, such as high equipment costs and lack of access to the Internet. The technology may bring great challenges to experienced farmers who are not good at computers.

52、And large systems will also be beyond the reach of many small farming operations in developing nations. But less expensive, simpler systems could potentially be applied. For others, though, cost savings in the long run may reduce the financial concerns. And however reticent some farmers may be to ad

53、opt new technology, the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach.1、Precision farming differs from traditional farming partly because it _.Aguarantees high yields with more laborBrelies on regional conditions and historical dataCoffers plenty of water, pesticides and fertilizerDp

54、rovides real time information about target crops2、About precision farming, we can learn that_.Athe government holds a cautious attitudeBit draws positive responses from businessesCseed producers have already made huge profitsDlarge systems will soon be built in developing nations3、The underlined wor

55、d “reticent” in the last paragraph probably means _.Adisappointed BconfusedCunwilling Dshocked4、What is the best title for the passage?APrecision Farming Increases Crop YieldsBMore Challenges Faced by Modern FarmersCDevelopment of Farming Systems in the U.S.DTraditional Farming is Gradually Disappea

56、ring25（10分）There once lived a young man who thought himself to be poor. One day he went to a wise man to ask how to become rich. The wise man said, “Young man, you are already rich now.”“But where is my wealth(财富)?” the young man asked.“It is with you. Your eyes are your wealth. You use them to see

57、this world. You use them to see all the beautiful things in this world. Your hands are your wealth. You can use them to work. You can use them to hug your beloved ones. Your legs are your wealth. You can go to any place.” the wise man said.“You call these wealth? But everyone has them,” the young ma

58、n said.“These are wealth. What you have now is not what someone else can luckily have. Would you like to give your eyes to me? Id like to give you a lot of money to exchange for them,” the wise man said.“No, Im not going to do so! My eyes are important to me!” the young man said.Everyone is rich. We

59、 should treasure(珍惜)our wealth, and take care of it. We should not overuse it because once it is gone, it is gone forever. Remember it is our wealth that we do not want to lose.1、Why did the young man go to visit the wise man?ABecause he was ill.BBecause he was the wise mans friend.CBecause he wante

60、d to know how to be rich.DBecause he wanted to be wise.2、The wise man thought the young man himself_.Awas rich Bwas poorCwas wise Dwas silly3、The wise man called _ wealth.Athe young mans money Bthe young mans eyes and feetCthe young mans buildings Dthe young mans cars4、The young man wasnt willing to