专八改错题及答案

1、2012 年 3 月专八真题：改错部分The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally orfreely The argument has been going since at least the first (1)century B.C Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers favouredcertain kind of“ free ” translation: the spirit, not the let

2、ter; the (2)sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) the manner This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) wanted the truth to be read and understood Then in the turn of the 19th (5)century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguisti

3、c barriers were insuperable and that the language (6)was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _ literal aspossible This view culminated the statement of the (9)extreme “ literalists

4、 ” Walter Benjamin andimVirlaNdobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the natureof the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed Too often,writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each otherNow, the context has changed, and the basic probl

5、em remains (10) 参考答案：going后加oncertain改为a certainrather改为notis 改为wasin 改为 at.去掉第二个the. view 后面加 that. 去掉was. culm in ated后面力口 in. and 改为 but2011年3月专八真题：改错部分From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that whe n I grew I should be a writer. Betwee n the ages of about seve ntee n and

6、twenty-four (1)I triedto abandon thisidea, but I did so with theconscienee that I wasoutraging my truenature and that soon。门aterI should have to (3)settle down and write books.I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side(4)a nd I barely saw my father before I was eight.

7、 For this and other reasons I was somewhatlonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which(5)made me un popular throughout my schooldays. I had the Ion ely child s habit of making up storiesand holding conversations with imaginative persons, and (6) I think from the very start my literal am

8、bitions were mixed up with(7)thefeeling of being isolated andundervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing in un pleasa nt facts, and I felt that this created (8) a sort of priv . world which I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life(9) Therefore, the volum

9、e of serious i.e. seriously intended writing which I produced (10)all through mychildhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of five, my mother taking it down to dictation.grew 后力口 upconscienee 改成 consciousnesssoon 改成 soonerthe 和 child 之间加 middledisa

10、greeing改成 disagreeableimaginative改成 imaginaryliteral 改成 literaryin去掉which 前加 inTherefore,改成 Nevertheless改错题出自：George Orwell 的 Why I Write 的前两段第1个错误出现在grew .解析：grow表成长，如人和动植物的成长。如果要表“长大”就要用短语：grow up。.句中conscienee 有如下的释义：1.良心，良知2.良知1.良心2.第三类法 庭而 eonsciousness 表示1.意识到，知道.2.意识，觉悟3.意识状态4.清醒 句子的意思是：我意识 到

11、这是在违背我的本性。.第三句考固定搭配：sooner or later 迟早。Xt点：outrage 违背 做动词。.按句子意思作者排行老二家里上面和下面都有个小孩因此加上middle. disagreeing 为 disagree 的ing,意思是 “不同意不认同“。改为：disagreeable 表1.不合意的；不愉快的；讨厌的2.难相处的，脾气坏的. imaginative 改成imaginary , 解析：imaginative表示人富有想像力的 ；富于想像的；有创造力的。而imaginary 表示想像中的；虚构的；幻想的 女口： an imaginary friend想像中的朋友.l

12、iteral 表“文字的”改成literary指文学作者的文学的志向与野心. face sth.宜面莫个事实.不用接介词in.定语从句，修饰world ,有介词要用在which前，不能省略. Therefore,改成Nevertheless 句子有转折的意思，作者说他一宜沉溺在自己的内心世界，然而童年时代所写的东西数目不多。而非因此，童年所写的东西 不多。2010年3月专八真题：改错部分So far as we can tell, all human Ianguages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communicati

13、on: that is, (1) every Ianguage appears to be well equipped as any other to say (2) the things their speakers want to say (3) There may or may not be appropriate to talk about prim it ive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally compete nt in n

14、u clear physics or psychology or the cultivati on of rice or the en gravi ng of Ben ares brass. (4) Whereas this is not the fault of theiEan guage.The Eskimos can (5) speak about snow with a great deal further precision and subtlety than we can in En glish, but this is not because the Eskimo Ian gua

15、ge (one of those sometimes miscalled primitive) is in here ntly more precise and subtle tha n En glish. (6) This example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected primitiveness. The position is simply and obviously that (7) the Eskimos and the English live in similar environme

16、nts. The English language (8) will be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments (9) in which Fn glish was habitually used made such disti nctio n as importa nt Similarly, we have no reas on to doubt that the Eskimo Ian guage could be as precise and subtle on

17、the subject of motor manu facture or cricket (10) if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos life.For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the 19th century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrim in ati on which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But th

18、ey had a host of terms for horse-draw n vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dict ionary whe n we are readi ngScott or Dicke ns. How many of us could disti nguish betwee n a chaise, aIan dau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a dilige nee, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole

19、a phaeton, and a clare nee?1 be后插入as;2 their 改为 its;3 There改为It;4 Whereas 改为 But5 further改为more6 come 改为 bring;7 similar改为 different;8 will 改为 would;9 as important 去掉 as2009年3月专八真题参考答案：改错部分The previous secti on has show n how quickly a rhyme passes from one schoolchild to the n ext and illustrates t

20、he further differenee (1) between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2) has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3) The period between lear ning a nu rsery rhyme and tr

21、an smitti ng it may be somethi ng from 20 to 70 years. (4) With the playground lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour (5) it is learnt; and, in the general, it passes between children (6) of the same age, or nearly so, since it is un com mon for the differe nee in a

22、ge betwee n playmates to be more tha n five years.If, therefore, a playgro und rhyme can be show n to have bee n curre ntly for a hun dred years, or(7) even just for fifty, it follows that it has bee n retra nsmitted over and over, very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8) hundre

23、d young hearers and tellers, and the wonders that it remains live (9) after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblanee to the (10) origi nal word ing.参考答案：illustrate 改为 illustrated ( 与前文的 shown 保持一致)the改为a (用不定冠词表示泛指)their改为his (代词与前文 a little listener在单复数上保持一致)something 改为anything ( 这

24、里anything from.to表示大约在之间)therefore改为however (根据上下文逻辑关系)in the general 去掉 the (in general是习惯用法)currently改为current (这里起的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副词)it has passed 改为it has been passed主动改为被动，与前文保持一致)live改为alive(活跃的，仍然存在的) (live作形容词讲为现场直播的“意思)to let alone 改为let alone (let alone为习惯搭配，意思是更不用说”2008 年 3 月专八真题参考答案：改错部分

25、The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a very natural one,(1) _and in result language has played a prominent part in national moves.(2) Men have often felt the need to cultivate a given language to show that they are distinctive from another race whose (3) hegemony they resent.

26、 At the time the United States(4) split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a(5) different language from those of Britain. There was even one(6) proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favored the adoption

27、of Greek, though, as one man put it, things would certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English (7)and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone(8) knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solution of carrying with the same language as before.(9) S

28、ince nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world(10) that political independence and national identity can be complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language.参考答案 : 1. one 改为 thing 2. result 改为 fact 3. distinctive 改为 distinctat the time 后加 whenby 改为 witht

29、hose 改为 thaton 去掉At 改为 Incarrying 后加onnow 改为 ago2007 年 3 月专八真题参考答案：改错部分From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can make very positive statements about how language originated.and t orshow t showingtheand t butThere is no material in any language today and in the earliest records of anc

30、ient languages show us language in a new and emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of a language with a l

31、arge proportion of such cries(5) large t lagerthan we find in English. It is true that the absenee(6) in onof such evide nee does not disprove the theory, but inother grounds too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and Ianguages make rather similarno ises in retur n to pain or plea

32、sure. The fact that such noretur nresp onseises are similar on the lips of Fren chme n and Malaysia nswhose Ian guages are utterly differe nt, serves toemphasize on the fun dame ntal differe nee betwee nonthese no ises and Ian guage proper. We may say that thecries of pain or chortles of amuseme nt

33、are largely reflexactions, instinctive to A large extent, whereas Ian guageA aproper does not con sist of sig ns but of these that haveto be lear nt and that arethese those2006 年 3 月专八真题参考答案：改错部分We use Ian guage primarily as a means of com muni cati on withother huma n bein gs. Each of us shares wit

34、h the com munity in which we live a storeof words and meanings as well as agree ing conven ti ons as (1) to the way in whichwords should be arran ged to convey a particular (2) message: the En glish speakerhas iii his disposal at vocabulary and a (3) set of grammatical rules which en ables himto com

35、 mun icate his (4) thoughts and feeli ngs, ill a variety of styles, to the other English (5) speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses active- y andthat which he recog ni ses, in creases ill size as he grows old as a result of educati onand experie nee.(6)But, whether the Ian

36、guage store is relatively small or large, the system remains nomore, tha n a psychological reality for tike in pidual, uni ess he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be see n by ano ther (7) member of his lin guistic com muni ty;he bas to give tile system aconcrete transmission form. We ta

37、ke it for grant ed rice two m(8)t com mon forms oftran smissi on-by means of sounds produced by our vocal orga ns (speech) or bynts.visual sig ns (writi ng). And these are (9) among most strik ing of huma n achieveme(10)1. agreei ngagreedA words- these/those wordsin the disposalat the disposalen abl

38、es- en abledelete“the ” before“other English speakersold oldersee n-perceived, un derstood, comprehe ndeddelete “it ” before“ for gran ted ”And Yet; HoweverA most the most striki ng2005年3月专八真题参考答案：改错部分The Uni versity as Busin ess51 52 53 54 55 56 A nu mber of colleges and uni versities announ ced st

39、eep tuiti on in creases for n ext year - much steeper tha n the curre nt, very low , rate of in flatio n. They say the in creases are n eeded because of a loss in value of uni versity en dowme nts heavily in vesti ng in com mon stock. I am skeptical. A bus in ess firm chooses the price that maximize

40、s its net revenu es, irrespective fluctuati ons in in come: and in creas in gly tile outlook of uni versities in the Un itedStates is in dist in guishable from those of bus in ess firms. The rise in tuiti ons may reflect the fact econo mic un certa inty in creases the dema nd for educati on. The big

41、gest cost of being in the school is forego ing in come from a job (this is primarily a factor in graduate - and professional - school tuition): the poor one job prospects, the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education, in order to make on eself more remarkable.The way w

42、hich uni versities make themselves attractive tostude nts in elude soft majors, stude nt evaluati ons of teachers, givi ng stude nts a gover nance role, and elimi58 59 S10 nate required courses. Sky-high tuiti ons have caused uni versities to regard their stude nts as customers. Just as bus in ess f

43、irms sometimes collude to shorte n the rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alum ni denotations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlier from professional te

44、ams. And until they were stopped by the an titrust authorities, the Ivy league schools collude to limit competition for the best students, by agree ing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather tha n purely of n eed just like bus in ess firms agree ing not to give disco unts on their be

45、st customers.in vested / irrespective of / those that / fact that / in the school / poor poorer / inwhich / elim in at ing / shortenlesse n / onto2004 改错One of the most important non- 匕 g 时貂 P 皿 functioriS of 皿 U.S Congress is the power to investigate. This power is usuallydelegated to committees -已

46、 i ： hF standing committees, special committees set for a specificJ ： purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses.2.i Investigations are held to gather information on the need for future legislation, to test the effectiveness of lawsalready passed, to inquire into the qualificat

47、ions and performance of members and TOC o 1-5 h z officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the:己,Lgroundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committeesrely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings(4jand to make out detailed studies of issues.门is t

48、he power to publicize investigations and itsA 1JThere are important corollaries to the investigative power. Oneresults. Mostcommittee hearings are open to public and are reportedwidely in the mass media Congressional investigationsnevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers彷 .to

49、 inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues.&LCongressional corrinnittees also have the power to compel testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to citefor contempt of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury of these who give false testimony.(10)_在 set 后加

50、up, set up 建立、成立是固定短语2.答案：consisted consisting/composed答案： in T on【详细解答】固定搭配on .occasions答案： rely A T rely on【详细解答】固定搭配rely on sb. to do something答案： make out t make【详细解答】 make out 意思是 辨认出 ” 而此处意思是对 .做详细的研究，故用 make detailed studies of.即”可。答案： its t their【详细解答】此处指代的是“ investigations 故”用 , 复数。答案： A pu

51、blic t the public【详细解答】 the +adj. 可表示某一类人，此处意思是面向公众”，故应用 the public 。”答案：nevertheless t therefore/ thus【详细解答】此处不是表示意思的转折，而是与前文构成因果关系，故可改为 therefore 或 thus答案：interests t interest【详细解答】此处看成不可数名词为佳答案： these t those【详细解答】those 指代 witnesses , 即指代名词复数做定语从句的先行词，而 these 不行2003 年 3 月专八真题参考答案：改错部分Demographic

52、indicators show that Americans in the postwar period were more eager than ever to establish families. They quicklybrought down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than TOC o 1-5 h z a hundred(1)_years of a steady decline, pro

53、ducing thebaby boom. ” Theseyoun(g2)_ adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively largefamilies that went for more than two decades and caused a major(3)_but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. Fromthe 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate(

54、4)_and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts.(5)_Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who(6)_formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the(7)_divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact toa greater extent than did that of couple

55、s who married in earlier as well(8)_as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious(9)_(10)_distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent inEurope. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwin

56、ner and homemaker was not abandoned.答案： height thigh ， high 作为名词翻译为最高水平”，又如reach an all-time high 2 答案：删除a【详细解答】 此处 steady decline 指稳定下降的行为、过程而不是其结果，为不可数名词，故应去掉定冠词 a答案：went a A on【详细解答】 go on 为固定搭配，意为 持续”答案： high A higher【详细解答】 后面有 than ，此处应为比较级。答案： Europe A European【详细解答】 根据上下文，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词 count

57、erparts 。答案： more【详细解答】 由上下文可知， more 与 equally 矛盾，故应去掉。答案：nevertheless A also【详细解答】由上下文可知，此处讲的内容与前部分内容之间为递进关系，而非转折关系。答案： that Tthose【详细解答】由上下文可知，此处所指代的应为前面复数形式的marriages ，故指示代词也应该用复数形式。答案： Since A Although (或 While )【详细解答】 从逻辑上讲，此处应表达让步关系，而非因果关系。.答案：in -to【详细解答】to . . extent为固定搭配，意为 到程度”2002 改错There

58、 are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciationcomparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact thatpronunciation is learntnaturally and unconsciously, and orthography; learnt1.deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remainthroughout

59、 our lives quite unconscious with what our speech soundslike when we speak out, and it often comes as a shock whenwe firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we recognize at once,whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know.We begin the natural learning of pro

60、nunciation long before we start learningto read or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously6. imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around usfor many more hours per every day than we ever have to spendlearning even our difficult English spelling. This istherefore, that ou