管壳式换热器设计说明书

1、标准文案大全大全TOC o 1-5 h z HYPERLINK l bookmark4 、例子4 HYPERLINK l bookmark6 、Input输入模块4 HYPERLINK l bookmark8 1、problemdefinition问题定义模块41.1、description基本描写52、applicationoptions（程序运行环境选择）52.1、Hotsideapplication（热流运行环境）62.2、Condensationcurve冷凝曲线62.3、Condensertype冷凝器类型62.4、Codsideapplication（冷流运行环境）72.5、Loc

2、ationofhotfluid流程安排（热流位置）72.6、Programmode（程序模式选择：设计、优化、模拟）8 HYPERLINK l bookmark14 3、processdata物流参数输入83.1、Fluidname（流体名称）83.2、Fluidquantity,total（热或冷流体总流速）83.3、Temperature冷热流体进出口温度93.4、OperatingPressure（absolute）绝对操作压力93.5、Heatexchanged交换热量93.6、allowablepressuredrop允许的压力降93.7、foulingresistanee污垢热阻1

3、0 HYPERLINK l bookmark16 4、热平衡计算环境115、PhysicalPropertyData物理特性数据12（1）PropertyOption（特性程序选择一一一般默认）12（2）HotSideComposition热物质组成（若未知可不输）13（3）HotSideProperties（热物流特性）13（4）coldsidecomposition（冷物流组成与前热物流组成一样）13（5）coldsideproperties（冷物流特性）13 HYPERLINK l bookmark26 6、ExchangerGeometry（结构参数）14exchangerType（换

4、热器类型）14（1）Frontheadtype（换热器前端管箱）14（3）Rearheadtype（后端结构）17（4）exchangerposition（换热器水平还是垂直安装）19（5）cover密封（盖子）面类型（工艺计算没必要提供）19（6）Tubesheettype管板形式19（7）Tubetotubesheetjoint管子与管板的连接（工艺不关键）.20Tubes（换热管）20（1）Tubetype（管子类型）20（2）Tubeoutsidediameter（管子外径）22（3）Tubewallthickness（管子壁厚）22（4）Tubewallroughness（管子粗糙度

5、）22（5）TubewallSpecification（管子壁厚计算指定）22（6）Tubepich管心距23（7）Tubematerial管子材质23（8）Tubepattem换热管的排列23（9）翅片管相关数据24Findensity翅片密度24Finheight翅片高度25Finthickness翅片厚度25Surfaceareaperunitlength每单位管长的表面积25Outside/Insidesurfacearearatio夕卜内表面积比25TwistedTapeRatio扭带比25TwistedTapeWidth纽带宽25Taperedtubeendsforknockbac

6、kcondensers25Bundle结构参数限定26shellentrance/exit壳体入口/出口26Providedisengagementspaceinshell(poolboilersonly)提供气体空间(只对锅炉使用)27Percentofshelldiameterfordisengagement指定空间相对于壳体直径的百分比28Impingement(壳体入口设置防冲板或导流板)28壳程设置防冲板或导流板的条件28Impingementprotectiontype防冲挡板及导流板类型28Impingementplatediameter防冲板直径30Impingementpla

7、telengthandwidth防冲挡板的长度和宽度30Impingementplatethickness防冲挡板的厚度30ImpingementdistaneefromshellID壳体内侧到防冲挡板的距离30Impingementclearaneetotubeedge防冲挡板至U第一排换热管的距离30(i)Impingementplateperforationarea%导流板穿孔面积百分数30(3)LayoutOptions布置31(a)Passlayout布置31(b)Designsymmetricaltubelayout对称布管选项31(c)Maximum%deviationintub

8、esperpass每程管子的最大偏差32(d)Numberoftierods拉杆数32(e)Numberofsealingstrippairs密圭寸条对数33Minimumu-benddiameterU型管最小的直径34Passpartitionlanewidth隔板间距35Locationofcentertubein1strow第一排管中心位置36(i)Outertubelimitdiameter布管限定圆直径(设计过程无用)36(4)LayoutLimits布置的限定38(a)OpenspacebetweenshellIDandoutermosttube壳体内径与最外侧换热管的间距38(b

9、)Distaneefromtubecenter换热管管中心与中心线之间的距离38(5)Clearances空隙尺寸39(a)ShellIDtobaffleOD壳体内径与折流板外径的距离39(b)BaffleODtooutertubelimit折流板外径到最外侧换热管之间的距离39(c)BaffletubeholetotubeOD折流板管孔到换热管外径之间的距TOC o 1-5 h z离39Baffles折流板39Baffletype折流板类型40Bafflecut(%ofdiameter)折流板切割率42Bafflecutorientation折流板切割方向42Tubesupports(支承板

10、)43NumberofIntermediateSupports中间支承数(折流板中支承板数)436.6RodBaffes折流杆46Rating/SimulationData47Nozzles(接管)476.9热虹吸换热617、DesignData设计数据617.1designConstraints设计参数约束62Shell/Bundle(壳程/约束)62、Shelldiameter壳体直径62、Tubelength换热管长62、Tubepasses管程数63、Baffle折流板间距64、UseshellIDorODasreferenee以内径还是外径为参考(一般为默认)64、Usepipeor

11、plateforsmallshells指定小直径壳程使用无缝钢管还是有封钢板65、Minimumshellsinseries最少的换热器个数65、Minimumshellsinparallel换热器壳程数65(i)、Allowablenumberofbaffles折流板数限制(一般默认).65(j)、Allowbafflesundernozzles管口下是否允许放置折流板.66(k)、Useproportionalbafflecut使用比例切割折流板(一般默认)66Process过程67、Allowablepressuredrop允许的压力降67管内流速687.2材料91三、其它手动设计100

12、1、筒体厚度100第三章换热器设计一、例子已知混合气体的流量为227801kg/h，压力为6.9Mpa，循环冷却水的压力为0.4Mpa，循环水入口温度29C，出口温度39C，试设计一台列管式换热器，完成该任务。混合气体在85C下有如下物性：热容Cpi=3.297kJ/kgC,导热系数入=0.0279w/mC,粘度口=0.000015Pas,密度p=90kg/mA3。循环冷却水在34C下有如下物性：热容Cpi=4.174kJ/kgC,导热系数入=0.624w/mC,粘度卩=0.000742Pas,密度p=994.3kg/mA3。、Input输入模块1、problemdefinition问题定义模

13、块-ProblemDefiriition0)DescriptionBApplicationOptionsMPiracesjData1.1、description基本描写TEMASpeciationSheetDescriptionsHeadingCompanjiJanzhouuniversityoJTechnologjiLocation:qiliheServiceofUnit:chemicalengineerTechnologyOurReference：zhongfei-long|ltemNo.:Date:RevNo.:JobNo.:FluidnameHotSidemixedColdSide|m

14、iterRemarks标题(Heading)公司(company)地址(location)服务对象(ServiceofUnit)、本单位联系人(ourReferenee)项目编号(itemNo)、对方单位联系人(YourReferenee)日期(2)(3)(date)等。物流名称热流(Hotside)备注(Remarks)冷流(Coldside)2、applicationoptions(程序运行环境选择)YourReference：/ApplicationOptions|Locationofhotfluid*ShelsideTubesideProgrammode(*DesignCRatingC

15、SimulationCSeleclhornstandardfile2.1、Hotside即plication(热流运行环境)HotsideapplicationnophasechangeLiquid”nophasechange|Ga$”nci口ha加dw加NarrowrangecondensationMLilticomponentcondensationSdurtedsteamcondensationFallingfimliquidcoolerLiquid,nophasechange(液体，无相变化)Gas,nophasechange(气体，无相变化)Narrowrangecondensati

16、on:Applicationcoversthecaseswherethecondensingsidefilmcoefficientdoesnotchangesignificantlyoverthetemperaturerange.Therefore,thecalculationscanbebasedonanassumedlinearcondensationprofile.Thisclassisrecommendedforcasesofisothermalcondensationandcasesofmultiplecondensableswithoutnoncondensableswhereth

17、econdensingrangeislessthan6C(10F).狭窄范围内的冷凝：用于冷凝液膜系数不随温度改变的情况。因此，该计算认为冷凝呈线性曲线。该方法推荐用于等温冷凝和在6C下不冷凝的多组分冷凝。Multi-componentcondensation:Applicationcoverstheothercasesofcondensationwherethecondensingsidefilmcoefficientchangessignificantlyoverthecondensingrange.Therefore,thecondensingrangemustbedividedinto

18、severalzoneswherethepropertiesandconditionsmustbecalculatedforeachzone.Thisclassisrecommendedforallcaseswherenoncondensablesarepresentorwheretherearemultiplecondensableswithacondensingrangeofmorethan6C(10F).多组分冷凝：用于冷凝液膜系数随温度改变的情况。因此，根据特性和环境，将冷凝温度范围分成几个区间，然后对每一个区间进行计算。该方法推荐用于不凝液和在高于6C下冷凝的多组分冷凝。Satura

19、tedsteamcondensation(饱和蒸气冷凝)Fallingfilmliquidcooler(降膜液体冷却器)2.2、Condensationcurve冷凝曲线Youcaninputavapor/liquidequilibriumcurveorhavetheprogramcalculatethecurveusingidealgaslawsorseveralothernon-idealmethods.你可以输入一个汽/液平衡曲线或使用理想气体定律或其他一些非理想的计算方法计算曲线的程序2.3、Condensertype冷凝器类型Mostcondensershavethevaporand

20、condensateflowinthesamedirection.However,forsomespecialapplicationswhereyouwanttominimizetheamountofsubcoolingyoucanselectaknockbackrefluxcondensertype.Thecondensateformedflowsbacktowardsthevaporiniet.Withthistypeofcondenser,youshouldconsiderusingthedifferentialcondensationoptioniftheprogramcalculat

21、esthecondensationcurve.2.4、Codsideapplication（冷流运行环境）ColdapplicationLiquid,nophasechanseLiquid”nophasechanqeGas,nophasechangeNarrowrangevaporization(浮Multicomponentvaporization注意：米用Aspen进行计算是，可以米用试的方法，首先让其热流体走管程，计算传热系数及换热面积；然后再假设走壳程，计算传热系数及换热面积。最后取传热系数最大，换热面积最小的情况。2.6、Programmode（程序模式选择：设计、优化、模拟）Des

22、ign（设计）、Rating（优化）、Simulatin（模拟）、Selestfromstandardfile（从标准文件中选择），3、processdata物流参数输入ProcessDataHotSideColdSideniiKedInOutwaterInOutFluidname22790129AllowaNepressuredropFouling帕打址ance|m2xKA1/0000415000010.00063.1、Fluidname（流体名称）3.2、Fluidquantity,total（热或冷流体总流速）选择单位、依据条件输入冷、热流体流量，3.3、Temperature冷热流体进

23、出口温度挣却水的出口温度不宜高于60C,以免结垢严重，高温端的温差不应小于2ort低温端的温差不应小于兀当在两工艺物流之间进行换越时.低温端的温差不应小于20*C.当采用多管程、单壳程的管壳式换热器，并用水作为冷却剂时，冷却水的岀口温度不应高于工艺物流的出口温度“在拎却或者拎擬工艺物流时，冷却剂的入口温度应高于工艺物流中易结冻组分的冰点，一般高sra在对反应物进行拎却时*为了控制反应，应维持反应物流和冷却剂之间的温差不低于tor,当冷凝带有惰性耳体的工艺物料时，冷却剂的出口温度应低于工艺物料的露点，一般低5X换热器的设计温度应高于議大使用温度，一般高lsr.最常用的挣却刑是水和空气，它们的初温

24、受理场气温条件的限制，一般冷却水的入口温度为io(囚季节不同而不同,进岀口温差仅3i(rc为宜冃缺水地区可适当协犬温差,但拎却水出口温度不宜超过50Ct防积垢堆参”如果物料需要被冷却到更低的温度，则需低温剂再如冷冻盐水等焙用的加热剂有饱和水蒸气和烟道气，用锻和水熬气加热可遇过改證蒸汽压力的方进调节协热温度，一嚴用于加热温度在IfiOCtl下的悄况，超过旅QC蒸汽链力將过高。烟道吒的温度一般比较高，可用于较高温度的加热场合，但烟道气加热传热膜系数较低*3.4、OperatingPressure(absolute)绝对操作压力选择单位、依据条件输入冷、热流体进出口压力3.5、Heatexchang

25、ed交换热量若交换热量没有直接给出，不输。3.6、allowablepressuredrop允许的压力降一般情况下，流体流过换热器的阻力或压力降为10000100000Pa，气体为100010000Pa。允许的压力降往往与换热器的操作压力有关、操作压力越大，允许流体阻力可相应大一些。如操作压力为P200000Pa,AP50000。15-8兒许的压力降范围工艺物料的压力状况允许压力降iP/kPa真空2氓PQa07M凸(表)低压宴柞0.071MH話5035MPa中压操柞i也沙=0一0351.IBMPa38MPak)2707-0.25MP3.7、foulingresistanee污垢热阻醍肉却水的厉

26、垢系SMF（曲於鞫料温度usictyr115-205X；水机52VWTlm/slm/s&”60X10-*a.60X1Q-1L72X10-1l-72XJ0-t苦咸忒3.11X10-1L72X10-*5.16X10-*生HXlfl-*曲水塔，人工班池水未处理过的彳卜幣水5h16X1Q-*&,16X)Q_*B.60X10氐8X10-*处理it补坊水亠+V.kJl.h1.72X10*k72X10-*34X10*344X)0-_連廝/（时旳:LZL2veu0+6K226-,JL2无水原油書盐麻釉516X10=*516X10*3.44X)0乳44X3.44X10-1益44X1015.lXir*8.60 x

27、LQT3.44XWT&B8X3,44X10*G.8BXZ&88XQT1.03X10-3iex1QTSOX10t3rHX1QT6.88X10*8.6QX1G-11.20X1旷“5-3BX1旷*J.20X1Q-*IfiX10-*&oxKT*1S-33工艺嘗料前芳腑舉!工业液萍有机物有机热戦悴錚抵it武传想用熔ittit草乙詡胺谊護焼喙帝視扭类工业弋体博炉气.适气水蘇弋空气辩剂蒸弋天然疝机忧合柯柴油机并气柱rsssK醴性气体工业袖类冷備环油机啊和蛮压器估徉冷油戢油無攪油煤油遠油植勒油煤油装说耗油石脑袖和轻t分煤油轻质榮袖重庾柴抽1.72X1O-*审航燃料釉1.72XIO-*沥青和残渣袖嘏优和隸；装E

28、L物黑172X10-J3.60X10-*轻就诵坏油3.44X101蛍威椭环袖3.44XIQ*轻质鷲北瓦斯油8.WXLfl-s重库然；瓦斯施廐部油霆录小4ft/s）L72XIO-J轻歷嚴态产品b.eoxio1惟览篁整和加盘騰硫勒料3,44X10瓯整炉进科L72X10重整炉術岀辆加SL脱號逬料和出料8”SOXlfl-11.72X10-J50*API上的註态产品1.72Xlp-*30*50API的膛杏产品LJixib-1轻漏分抑工樹料塔顶蒸气和悴8.60X10-液参产晶1.7JXJQ-1賤收柚1.72X10-1睡酸烷墓化物斜6.88X10-再沸器物料L72X10-1祠摘姑加工物料i.Taxio-*L

29、7SX10-*混合涪剂进料8.50X10-*虽lGXLG-萃敗物提余被L72X10-*1.72X1Q-+I.72X1013.44X1Q-*/(HK/W)S.UXJO乩60X10-*並仆1旷*3.44X10-45.16X10-*51&X10-1民S8X10-*翳16X10-*乳HX10-*3-4X10-*L75X101玄44X1Q-*1.72XIO-*1-73X10-*144X10-*L72X1011-72XLO-*3.X1O_344X1O-*E.16X1Q-*3-GX1O-*乳44X1QT】72X10-16X10-*1.72X10-50X10-*5.1-7EX1Q-*S1-20污垢热IE靈戡的

30、经验数据弁质垂歎An#*CW-i介质廳水Jff(油!&0,00040,0007a,ooasaooog痒水52C仇QOD1D.DOOU活呼河水52C0.00020.OQO5岂盐臨油isor0+OOU50,0OTBa00557,001$确环水【已处理）乩1)002一仇0003循环木未牡豐）0,00060-Q0Q7牌池，石脏蚀.嶽祐ia.MM2d.00Q3水0-DOCS0.Q0P70,10020.DOO5鸞慵水!山0002a0003&-00030,COO?自事水地了尢湖）0.W027”0003D.DOI00.04)12慚炉软化欢a0001乩(KN)2想愉、他青D00120.DO?000004-!ni

31、iHiMiBin|/ProcessDataiHeatLoadBalanceOp-tionsNAml-laS-l-：S_：i-S-S-：s-ss_:s_s_s-s.INoadjuttmenl-HeatLoadBalanceOptionsHot$ideprocestreamadiu$tmeritCold$ideproce$streamadjustmentThisinputallowsyoutospecifywhetheryouwantthetotalflowrateortheoutlettemperaturetobeadjustedtobalaneetheheatloadagainstthespe

32、cifiedheatloadortheheatloadcalculatedfromtheoppositeside.Theprogramwillcalculatetherequiredadjustment.Thereisalsoanoptiontonotbalaneetheheatloads,inwhichcasetheprogramwilldesigntheexchangerwiththespecifiedflowsandtemperaturesbutwiththehighestofthespecifiedorcalculatedheatloads.输入允许您指定是否总流量和出口温度，要调整到

33、平衡的热负荷与指定的热负荷和热负荷从对面的计算。该程序将计算所需的调整。还有一个选择是不平衡的热负荷，在这种情况下，程序设计换热器与指定的流动和温度而指定的最高或计算热负荷。5、PhysicalPropertyData物理特性数据aic-1pBnm團團laatDPropertvOptionsHotSideCompositionHotSidePropeitiesColdSideCompositionColdSidePropertiesPropertyOption(特性程序选择一般默认)/Databanks|/apoHotSide存Unpropertiesfromthtlo*o钏ing:BJACp

34、roperties(properliesfromBJACdatabank)Userspecifiedproperties(specifyihpropertysection)RopertiesfromAspenPlusIntafaceasshowninpvopeftysadjotfilr-UseAspenProperties(piovidelelefencerunfileb曹bwjFlasho(MionI斂sTAspenPlusorAspenPropertiesiltifileColdSkk(UsepropertiesfromthekA叶叩rBJACproperties(propertiesfr

35、omBJACdatabank)specifiedpropertiesiiftpropertysection)RoperiesfromAepenPlusIrtleifaceasshowninsection厂UseAspenPepEHiES；pio+ide!refencerunfibbelow)FlashofMion3Note：AnypropertiesprovidedintheHotSidePropertitsartdCddSidePropeilieisectionswfloverridepropertiesliomdatabank.（2）HotSideComposition热物质组成（若未知可

36、不输）VComposition|V：|VVVComponentsVaporinLiquidinLiquidoutComponenttpeSouce1234E7e910Hotsidecormpasitiar)specificalionWeightflowrateor%HotSideProperties(热物流特性)VquitWapor7TemperatureSpecificheatThermalcond.VisoosDensityMolecularweightDiffusiviylczJkg/m3m2沟*1853297.0279.0000159CI23110+60Temperature(温度)T

37、85c,Specificheat(热容)Cp1=3.297kJ/kgCThermalcond(导热系数)入=0.0279w/mCViscosity(粘度)卩=0.000015PasDensity(密度)p=90kg/mA3Molecularweight(分子量)(7)Diffusivity(扩散率)(4)coldsidecomposition(冷物流组成与前热物流组成一样)（冷物流特性）(5)coldsidepropertiesTemperatueSpecificheatThermalcond.ViscosityDensitySurfacebensionCriticalpressureLate

38、ntheatTkJ/(ksT；M肝KPas土kjg/rn3ibf/ft土psi二jBTU；lb二13441740.S24-0.000742994339+29（1）Temperature（温度）T34C,2（2）Specificheat（热容）Cpi=4.174kJ/kgC（3）Thermalcond（导热系数）入=0.624w/mC（4）Viscosity（粘度）卩=0.000742Pas（5）Density（密度）p=994.3kg/mA3（6）Surfacetension（表面张力）（7）Criticalpressure（临界压力）（8）Latentheat（潜热）温度、热容、导热系数、粘

39、度、密度、分子量、扩散率&ExchangerGeometry（结构参数）ExchangerGeometryExchangerTjpeBundleBafflesRatirig/SimulationDataNmzles6.1exchangerType（换热器类型）VShel/Heads|Covers|VTubesheets/Ewp.Jnts.|yFlangts|FrontlieadtjpeShelltypeRearhead卯日|PtogramEwchargsrposition（1）Frontheadtype（换热器前端管箱）FrontheadtypeShelltjpeRearheadlpeExch

40、angerpositionProgramProqiamA-channel爼removablecaverB-bonnetboltedorintegralwithtubesheetC-htegralhibesheettrremovablebundleNintegraltubesheet&nonremovablBbundleD-high亡nclMureProgramJI一飞I1A-channel&tubesheetbundleremovablecoverremoveableB-bonnetboltedC-integralorintegralwithtubesheet封头管箱（选择）用于可拆管束与管板

41、制成一体的管箱（平盖管箱）D-highpressureenclosure特殊高压管箱（A,C提供了一个完整的检修N-integraltubesheet&nonremovablebundle与管板制成一体的固定管板管箱AfullaccesscoverprovidedintheA,C,盖）Ntypeheadsmaybeneededifthetubesideoftheexchangermustbecleanedfrequently.（如果换热器的管程必须经常清洗时，则需N型）TheBtypeisgenerallythemosteconomicaltypehead.（B型通常是最经济型的）Defaul

42、t:BType（默认值：B型）（2）Shelltype（壳体结构）FrontheadtypeShelltypeReerheadtypeExchangerpositionPiogtamProgramAE畑passshellF-twopassshellwithlong,baffleG-splitflowH*doublejplitflowJ-dividedflownozzles:1in,.2out）K-kettleX-crossflowVBbonnetboltedorinAegrJwithtubesheet具有常隔板的双壳程E-onepassshellbaffle单壳程(选择)F-twopasssh

43、ellwithlong双分流G-SplitflowH-doublesplitflow分流J-dividedflow(nozzles:1in,2out)K-kettle釡式重沸器无隔板分流（或冷凝器壳体）X-crossflowV-vaporbelt交错流TT.1蒸汽机J-dividedflow(nozzles:2in,1out)无隔板分流(或冷凝器壳体)Etype:Generallyprovidesthebestheattransferbutalsothehighestshellsidepressuredrop.Usedfortemperaturecrossapplicationswherepu

44、recountercurrentflowisneeded.Ftype:Thistwopassshellcanenhanceshellsideheattransferandalsomaintaincountercurrentflowifneededfortemperaturecrossapplications.Gtype:Willenhancetheshellsidefilmcoefficientforagivenexchangersize.Htype:Agoodchoiceforlowshellsideoperatingpressureapplications.Pressuredropcanb

45、eminimized.Usedforshellsidethermosiphons.Jtype:Usedoftenforshellsidecondensers.Withtwoinletvapornozzlesontopandthesinglecondensatenozzleonbottom,vibrationproblemscanbeavoided.Ktype:Usedforkettletypeshellsidereboilers.Xtype:Goodforlowshellsidepressureapplications.Unitsisprovidedwithsupportplateswhich

46、providespurecrossflowthroughthebundle.Multipleinletandoutletnozzlesorflowdistributorsarerecommendedtoassurefulldistributionoftheflowalongthebundle.Vtypeshell:ThistypeisnotcurrentlypartoftheTEMAstandards.Itisusedforverylowshellsidepressuredrops.Itisespeciallywellsuitedforvacuumcondensers.Thevaporbelt

47、isanenlargedshelloverpartofthebundlelength.Default:Etype(exceptKtypeshellsidepoolboilers)Rearheadtype(后端结构)FronttypeShelltypeheadWeExchangerpositionE*onepassshellProgramProqtam|El-bonnetboltedorintegralwithtubesheetL-removablechannelwithflarcoverM-bonnetN”integralchannelwithHatcoverP-outridepackedfl

48、oatingheadS-HoatingheadwithbackingdeviceT-pullthroughfloatingheadU-U-tubebundle二-一nalL-removablechannelwithflatcover与A相似的固定管板结构M-bonnet与B相似的固定管板结构N-integralchannelwithflatcover与C相似的固定管板结构P-outsidepackedfloatingheat填料函式浮头)-S-floatingheadwithbackingdeviceT-pullthroughfloatinghead钩圈式浮头（选择）可抽式浮头U-U-tube

49、bundleW-floatingheadwithIantemringU型管束带套环填料函式浮头固定管板式、浮头式、U型管式、填料函式一一浮头式换热器（冷热流体进口温度29C,出口温度39C，该换热器用循环冷却水冷却，冬季操作时，其进口温度会降低，考虑到这一因素，估计该换热器的管壁温之差较大，因此初步确定为选用浮头式换热器）Therearheadtypeaffectsthethermaldesign,becauseitdeterminestheoutertubelimitsandthereforethenumberoftubesandtherequirednumberoftubepasses.D

50、efault:Utypeforkettleshells,Mtypeforallothers（4）exchangerposition（换热器水平还是垂直安装）FrontheadtypeSh&IHypeRearhead如eEwcliangerpositionB-bomelboltedorirtlegialwithtubesheetE-onepass沁II|S-floatingheadwithbackingdeviceHorizontal（水平）、Vertical（垂直）Default:verticalfortubesidethermosiphon;horizontalforallothers默认：

51、热虹吸换热器垂直安装，其他都水平安装）（5）cover密封（盖子）面类型（工艺计算没必要提供）（6）Tubesheettype管板形式gapimDaiglerubE5lie5t管板类型对热计算和投资预算来说起着一个非常重要的作用。为了避免管侧和壳侧流体漏液，则往往选择双管板。双管板在固定管板换热器中最常用，同样也可用于U形管式换热器和外包装的浮动式换热器。双管板缩短了壳侧流体流动的长度，因此，降低了有效面积。也影响壳体接管的位置与挡板间距。间隙式双管板有一个空间，通常约150毫米（6in）。整体式双管板是由加工出一个蜂巢图案内板单块厚使任何泄漏流体穿过管板的内漏，这种类型是罕见的，因为它需要特

52、殊的制作工具和经验。默认值：单板Thetubesheettypehasaverysignificanteffectonboththethermaldesignandthecost.Doubletubesheetsareusedwhenitisextremelyimportanttoavoidanyleakagebetweentheshellandtubesidefluids.Doubletubesheetsaremostoftenusedwithfixedtubesheetexchangers,althoughtheycanalsobeusedwithU-tubesandoutsidepack

53、edfloatingheads.Doubletubesheetsshortenthelengthofthetubewhichisincontactwiththeshellsidefluidandthereforereducetheeffectivesurfacearea.Theyalsoaffectthelocationoftheshellsidenozzlesandthepossiblebafflespacings.Thegaptypedoubletubesheethasaspace,usuallyabout150mm(6in.),betweentheinner(shellside)ando

54、uter(tubeside)tubesheets.Theintegraltypedoubletubesheetismadebymachiningoutahoneycombpatterninsideasinglethickpieceofplatesothatanyleakingfluidcanflowdownthroughtheinsideofthetubesheettoadrain.Thistypeisrare,sinceitrequiresspecialfabricationtoolsandexperienee.Default:normalsingletubesheet(s)Tubetotu

55、besheetjoint管子与管板的连接(工艺不关键)6.2Tubes(换热管)Program|25mm亍|25mmmm二|Average”32mm勺3VTube|FingVGenerdTubetypeTubeoutsidediameterTubewallthicknessTube泅IroughnessTubewallspecificationTubepitchTubematerialTubepatternTubetype(管子类型)（a）Plain光管（b）finnedtube翅片管（c）默认值：光管当壳程膜传热系数远比管程膜传热系数小时，常使用外翅片管。然而在一些情况下不推荐使用翅片管。如

56、在壳程流动的物流污垢热阻大，或粘度大，或其表面张力大而容易凝结在设备表面的。“Wolverine和高效翅片管”的尺寸标准已在程序中建立了。其翅片管的标准外径有12.7,15.9,19.1和25.4mm(0.5,0.625,0.75和1in)。其他标准的翅片外径有38,50,63,76和89mm(1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0和3.5in)，程序默认:19.1mm(0.75in如果你指定翅片管的类型，那么你必须指定所需的翅片密度(即，由系统确定每英寸(或每米)的翅片数)。翅片密度由管材确定，你必须确定所需的翅片密度是市售的。此标准管是由“Wolverine”制造的“高性能管”，已被植入系统。如果

57、你选择了其中的一个，程序将自动计算翅片高度，翅片厚度和翅片管内外表面积比。如果你不选择一个标准的翅片密度，那么你必须提供其他的翅片数据，这将在后面输入。Externallyfinnedtubesbecomeadvantageouswhentheshellsidefilmcoefficientismuchlessthanthetubesidefilmcoefficient.Howevertherearesomeapplicationswherefinnedtubesarenotrecommended.Theyarenotusuallyrecommendedforcaseswherethereis

58、highfoulingontheshellside,orveryviscousflow,orforcondensationwherethereisahighliquidsurfacetension.ThedimensionalstandardsforWolverinesHighPerformaneefinnedtubes,arebuiltintotheprogram.Thesestandardfinnedtubesareavailableintubediametersof12.7,15.9,19.1,and25.4mmor0.5,0.625,0.75,and1.0inch.Refereneet

59、heappendixforavailablesizes.Default:plaintubes附录：Standardfinoutsidediametersin.:1.52.02.53.03.5mm:3850637689ProgramDefault:TubeOutsideDiameter+0.75inor19.05mmIfyouspecifyfintubesasthetubetype,thenyoumustspecifythedesiredfindensity(i.e.,thenumberoffinsperinchorpermeterdependingonthesystemofmeasure).S

60、incethepossiblefindensitiesareverydependentonthetubematerial,youshouldbesurethatthedesiredfindensityiscommerciallyavailable.ThedimensionalstandardsforfinnedtubesmadebyWolverine,andHighPerformaneeTubearebuiltintotheprogram.Ifyouchooseoneofthese,theprogramwillautomaticallysupplythecorrespondingfinheig