2011年职称英语等级考试综合类A级真题阅读文章翻译2015年职称英语真题备考

1、2011年职称英语等级考试真题（综合类A级） HYPERLINK http:/club.topsa/forum-109-1.html 2015年职称英语真题备考 HYPERLINK http:/www.study/kecheng/english/zhicheng/ 学派网职称英语团队原创翻译第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。The Forbidden AppleNew York used to be th

2、e city that never sleeps. These days its the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least, not in public). The Big Apple is quickly turning into the Forbidden Apple.If you wanted a glass of wine with your picnic in Central Park, could you have one? No chance. Drinking alcohol in

3、 public isnt allowed. If you decided to feed the birds with the last crumbs（碎屑）of your sandwich, you could be arrested. Its illegal. If you went to a bar for a drink and a cigarette, that would be OK, wouldnt it? Er. no. You cant smoke in public in New York City.Whats going on? Why is the city that

4、used to be so open-minded becoming like this? The mayor of New York is behind it all. He has brought in a whole lot of new laws to stop citizens from doing what they want, when they want.The press are shocked. Even the New York police have joined the argument. They recently spent $100, 000 on a “Don

5、t blame the cop” campaign. One New York police officer said, “We raise money for the city by giving people fines for breaking some very stupid laws. Its all about money. ”The result is a lot of fines for minor offences. Yoav Kashida, an Israeli tourist, fell asleep on the subway. When he woke up, tw

6、o police officers fined him because he had fallen asleep on two seats (you mustnt use two seats in the subway). Elle and Serge Schroitman were fined for blocking a driveway with their car. It was their own driveway.The angry editor of Vanity Fair magazine, Graydon Carter, says, “Under New York City

7、law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work, but not an empty ashtray.” He should know. The police came to his office and took away his ashtray（烟灰缸）.But not all of New Yorks inhabitants are complaining. Marcia Dugarry, 72, said, “The city has changed for the better. If more cities had t

8、hese laws, America would be a better place to live. ”Nixon Patotkis, 38, a barman, said, “I like the new laws. If people smoked in here, wed go home smelling of cigarettes.”Recent figures show that New York now has fewer crimes per 100, 000 people than 193 other US cities. And its trueits safer, cle

9、aner and healthier than before. But lets be honestwho goes to New York for its clean streets?禁果纽约过去是个不夜城。而现在纽约是个不吸烟，不喝酒或者说是不做任何没规矩的事情（至少不在公共场所）的城市。如果你想在中心公园野炊的时候喝杯酒，可以吗？门都没有。在公共场合是不允许喝酒的。如果你用吃剩下的三明治碎屑喂鸟，你很可能会被捕。那是违法的。如果你去酒吧喝杯酒抽根烟，这总可以吧，难道不是么？呃，不行，你不能在纽约市的公共场所吸烟。到底是怎么了？为什么过去如此开放的城市变成了这样？纽约市市长从幕后策划了这一

10、切。他引进了许多法律，让纽约市市民无法做他们想做的事情，也无法随心所欲想干什么就干什么。新闻界震惊了。甚至是纽约市的警察也加入争吵。他们最近花了10万美元举行了“不要责怪警察”的活动。一个纽约的警官说道，“我们通过给那些犯了愚蠢法律的市民开罚单来为这个城市筹款。都是有关钱的问题”。结果就是因为一些轻微的犯罪开出的大量罚单。Yoav Kashida，一个以色列的游客，在地铁上睡着了。当他醒来的时候，两个警察开出了罚款因为他在两个座位上睡着了（在地铁上你不能占两个座位）。Elle和Serge Schroitman因为他们的车挡住了车道也被罚了。那是他们自己的车道。名利场的编辑Graydon Car

11、ter生气的说道，“在纽约的法律下，你在你的办公场所放把枪都可以接受，但是你不能放个空的烟灰缸”。他应该很有发言权，因为警察去他的办公室拿走了他的烟灰缸。但是并非所有的纽约居民都在抱怨。72岁的Marcia Dugarry说道，“这个城市变得更好了。如果更多的城市都有这些法律，美国将会变成更好的居住地”。38岁的酒吧招待员，Nixon Patotkis说道，“我喜欢新的法律。如果人们在这里吸烟，我们回家身上就会有烟味。”最近的数据显示，纽约每十万人的犯罪率比其他193个美国城市犯罪率要低。是的，纽约比以前更安全，更干净，更健康了。但是说实话，谁去纽约是为了纽约干净的街道？第3部分：概括大意和完

12、成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。Are You a Successful Leader?1Almost nothing we do in this world is done in isolation. At work or at play, you will find yourself in groups, working with other people: your team at work, a meeting

13、 with colleagues, your family, a holiday with friends, a group of students working together, a day out walking in the mountains, a group of neighbors wanting to make changes. It is now recognized that being able to work successfully with other people is one of the major keys to success, partly becau

14、se we need to do it so often.2In almost every situation where youre in a group, you will need a skilled leader. All groups need leaders and all successful groups have good leaders. Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down. Members of a leaderless group often begin to feel

15、 dissatisfied and frustrated. Time is wasted and the tasks are not achieved. There are often arguments and tensions between people as there is nobody to keep the goals clear. Some personalities dominate and others disappear. Often group members begin not to come to meetings in order to avoid more di

16、sharmony.3Some people are natural leaders. The celebrity chef, Antonio Carluccio says, “True leaders are born and you can spot them in kitchens.” Theyre people who combine toughness, fairness and humour. Although a lot of people agree that there are some natural-born leaders, most people now recogni

17、ze that leadership can also be taught. Our professional and experienced staff can train almost anyone how to be a successful leader. Good leaders dont make people do things in a bossy, controlling way. You can learn how to involve everyone, encouraging the whole group to work towards a common goal.4

18、Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader. Self-confidence is vital for you to overcome your own fears about being a leader. Successful leaders also need to be calm and intelligent. They need to be able to work out good

19、 strategies and make sound judgments under pressure. Lastly, and probably most importantly, good leaders need to be sensitive, sociable and be able to get on with a wide range of people. Good leadership is essentially the ability to influence others and good leaders allow all members of the group to

20、 contribute.你是个成功的领导者吗？这个世界上几乎没有什么东西是单独一个人完成的。不管是在工作还是玩耍，你会发现都是成群结队的，和其他人一起共事：工作中的团队，和同事开会，你的家人，和朋友度假，一组学生一起学习研究，去山上玩一天，一群需要换零钱的邻居。人们已经认识到能够和他人成功共事是取得成功的关键要素，部分原因是因为我们常常需要和他人共事。几乎每个团队都需要一个有技巧的领导。所有的团队都需要领导，并且每个成功的团队都有好的领导。没有领导的团队或者是领导力不强的团队几乎总是失败。没有领导的团队成员经常会觉得不满意或者是很泄气。时间都浪费掉了，任务也没完成。成员之间经常有争吵和矛盾，因

21、为没人来明确目标。有些人员比较处于支配地位，其他成员就消失了。经常有些成员开始不参加会议，为了避免更多的不和谐。有些人天生是领导者。明星厨师Antonio Carluccio说道，“真正的领导者是天生的，你在厨房一眼就能看出来。”好的领导者能将韧性、公平以及幽默感结合起来。尽管很多人认为有很多天生的领导者，大部分人现在意识到领导能力也能通过学习获得。我们专业的有经验的员工几乎能够将每个人训练成成功的领导。好的领导不会专横控制人们做事情。你可以学习如何让每个人都参与，鼓励整个团队朝着一个目标努力。我们的培训课程用一些活动以及技巧发展人们成为好的领导所需要的潜质。自信对克服你成为领导产生的恐惧很重

22、要。成功的领导也需要你保持冷静和睿智。你需要能够在压力下想出好的对策并且做出合理判断。最后，可能也是最重要的，好的领导需要很敏感，善于社交并且能够和各种不同的人群友好相处。好的领导力本质上就是影响他人的能力，好的领导允许团队所有成员做出贡献。第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇The Smell of MoneyFor many years large supermarkets have been encouraging us to spend money by pumping the smel

23、l of freshly-baked bread into their stores. Now Dale Air, a leading firm of aroma（香气）consultants, has been approached by Barclays Bank to develop suitable artificial smells for their banks. Researchers have suggested that surrounding customers with the “smell of money” will encourage them to feel re

24、laxed and optimistic and give them added confidence in the banks security and professionalism.But before a smell can be manufactured and introduced into banks air conditioning systems, it must be identified and chemically analyzed, and this has proved to be difficult. The problem is that banknotes a

25、nd coins tend to pick up the smell of their surroundings. So cash that has been sitting in a cash register at a fishmongers（鱼贩）will smell of fish, and banknotes used to pay for meals in restaurants will tend to smell of food.It may be a challenge, but aroma experts have little doubt that the use of

26、artificial smells can be an effective form of subconscious advertising. Lunn Poly, a British travel company, introduced the smell of coconuts（椰子）into its travel agencies and saw a big increase in spending by holiday makers. Many cafes now have electric dispensers（自动售货机）that release the smell of fres

27、hly roasted coffee near their entrances, subtly encouraging customers to come in and have a drink or snack. Even prestigious car maker Rolls-Royce has been spraying the inside of its cars to enhance the smell of the leather seats. “The sense of smell is probably the most basic and primitive of all h

28、uman senses,” explains researcher Jim ORiordan. “There is a direct pathway from the olfactory（嗅觉的）organs in the nose to the brain. ” It is certainly true that most people find certain smells incredibly strong, stirring memories and feelings in a way that few other stimulants can rival. It is a pheno

29、menon marketing consultants have long recognized, but until recently have been unable to harness. “Weve made great progress but the technology of odour production is still in its infancy,” says ORiordan. “Who knows where it will take us.”钱的味道多少年来，大型超市通过在商店里放入新烤的面包来散发香味，从而鼓励消费者花钱。巴克莱银行已经找过Dale Air，一家

30、在行业内领先的香气咨询公司，来为他们的银行设计一种合适的人造香味。研究人员建议，用“钱的味道”来环绕消费者会让他们觉得放松和自信，让他们对银行的安全以及专业增加信心。但是在一种气味能加工并且用到银行的空气调节设备之前必须得先识别并且做化学分析，这很困难。问题是纸币和硬币容易沾上周围环境的气味。所以鱼贩收银机里面的现金会有鱼腥味，饭店里用来付饭钱的纸币也会有食物的味道。这可能是个挑战，但是香味专家几乎很肯定使用人工香气是一种有效的潜意识推广。Lunn Poly，英国的一家旅行公司，为他们的旅行社引进了椰子香味，结果度假者花钱增长很大。很多咖啡店现在有电动自动售货机，可以在入口处释放新焙炒的咖啡香

31、气，巧妙的鼓励消费者进店喝杯咖啡或者吃点零食。甚至是久负盛名的汽车制造商劳斯莱斯喷涂汽车的内部，来改善皮革坐垫的味道。 “嗅觉大概是人类最基础最原始的感官”，研究员Jim ORiordan解释到。“鼻子里的嗅觉器官有一个直通大脑的通道。”绝大部分人会觉得有些味道非常强烈，这当然是正确的，有些味道能在某种程度上刺激记忆以及感觉，且很少有其他刺激物能与之相比。这种现象很多市场顾问很久之前都意识到了，但直到最近才能够利用。“我们已经取得了很大的进步，但是气味产品的生产技术仍处于初始阶段”，ORiordan说道。“谁知道我们会研究出什么”。31Artificial smells have NOT be

32、en used inAcafes.Bbanks.Ctravel agencies.Dsupermarkets.32Researchers believe that introducing the “smell of money” into banks will encourage peopleAto spend money.Bto feel confident about banks.Cto earn more money.Dto withdraw money from banks.33The difficulty of producing the “smell of money” lies

33、in thatApeoples attitudes toward money are different.Bits hard to identify and analyze it.Cno technology can do it.Dexperts have no motive.34The word “harness” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning toAsee.Bstudy.Ccontrol.Dunderstand.35Researchers thinkAartificial smells help to improve peoples

34、 memory.Bthe technology to produce artificial smells is in the early stage.Cartificial smells are harmful.Dthe production of artificial smells is profitable.第二篇Spoilt for ChoiceChoice, we are made to believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect endless situations about which they a

35、re required to make decisions one way or another. In the main, these are just annoying moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed

36、to another can have serious or lifelong consequences. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, lifestyle coaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like, waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee. But for a good many people

37、in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares.The main impact of endless choice in peoples li

38、ves is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis（瘫痪）, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really

39、wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied.It is not just their availability t

40、hat is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them wit

41、hin a short time. The classic example is computers, which are almost outdated once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers, but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine.

42、 This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing: no choice, no anxiety.The plethora（过剩）of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want t

43、o live and worka fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history. So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and bord

44、ers effectively slowed this process down.多不胜选通常我们认为选择是一种权利。在日常生活中，人们已经习惯了在数不胜数的情境中做出种种选择。但是基本说来，这些选择要么是些需要更多精力的恼人活计，要么就是决定午餐时 间喝什么咖啡、去哪家店。然而有时，这种舍此取彼却具有重大甚至是对众生的影响。因此在面对困难的抉择时，人们要么躲躲闪闪，有意拖延，要么把选择的权利交给形形色色的专业人士，像生活方式指导、律师、顾问或其他类似的人；这些人也正等着人们付费求助他们减轻心理负担呢。但无论富国穷国，对于世界上的许多人来说，能够选择并非一项权利，而是一件奢侈品。有些人以为自己

45、在行使选择权，但这一整套体制不过是企业和广告商为了卖出商品所制造的幻想。繁多的选择对人们生活的主要影响是引起了焦虑。连像买咖啡壶这样的东西都变得困难起来。生活消费品随处可见、花色繁多、许多人却感到无力，甚至迟钝，不是离开商店放弃选择，就是买了并不需要的东西，既没解决问题，也没觉得心里舒服。最近在英国的调查显示家电中为数可观的一部分都不是必须的。然而这让工厂的股东和广告商大为满意。商品的琳琅满目不是问题所在，问题是新产品的上市速度。设计和生产的进步意味着商品刚刚上市，新商品就已经蓄势待发。电脑是最经典的例子，刚刚买下就面临过时。以前只有有 限的几家厂商，总共销售的也只有一两台。现在不仅公司多了，

46、同一款的电脑都有好几种样式。这样一来选择就成了问题。走进一家商店轻轻松松买到东西的日子一去不复返了；那时没有太多的选择，也就没有了焦虑。并不只是在消费品中存在选择过多的问题。在世界范围内，人口流动性的增强使人们对于生活、工作地也有了更多选择这是一个最近才有的现象。过去，国家为探险、寻找食物或更适宜的环境，会举国穿越广袤的土地。当所有国家穿越大陆，历史的面貌便改变了。因此人口流动不是什么新鲜事儿。国家和疆界的建立有效减缓了这一过程，但不同仅在于迁移的速度。36Sometimes people ask professionals to help them make decisions becaus

47、eAthe decisions may have serious impact on their lives.Bonly professionals have the right to do that.Cthey have sufficient money to pay.Dthey have emotional problems.37When people cannot easily decide what to buy, which of the following is the least possible choice?AGiving up.BWalking away.CBuying a

48、n unsuitable item.DSeeking advice.38Why do products have a short lifespan nowadays?AThey are of poor quality.BThey are quickly replaced with new ones.CThey have too many versions.DThey are not designed by computers.39How does migration today differ from that of the past?APeople now migrate to find b

49、etter jobs.BPeople now migrate for better life.CPeople now migrate for better environments.DPeople now have more choice about where to migrate.40Which of the following best expresses the writers view on choice?ABetter more choice than no choice.BBetter no choice than more choice.CAll choice is easy.

50、DMore choice, more anxiety.第三篇Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of co

51、mmunication having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there h

52、as been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use m

53、obile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning（扫描）equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldnt remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. T

54、his man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employers doctor didnt agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech ma

55、chines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that its best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regu

56、lar phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, its wise not to use

57、 your mobile phone too often.手机：挂断还是继续聊？如今数以百万的人在使用手机。在很多地方，如果不用手机会被认为不正常。在很多国家，手机在年轻人中很流行。他们认为手机不仅是一种联系方式有一个手机表明他们很酷，和外界有关联。手机使用在全世界范围内的爆炸式的增长让有些健康专家很着急。有些医生担心未来很多人会因为使用手机遭到健康问题。在英国，关于这个问题有个很严肃的辩论。手机公司担心这种思想的宣传会产生负面影响。他们认为没有证据证明使用手机有害健康。另一方面，为什么一些医学研究表明使用手机的部分人群的脑细胞发生改变。大脑以及头部组织的变化迹象能通过现代的扫描设备检测出来。

58、有个例子就是一个旅行推销员很年轻就因为严重的失忆而退休了。他甚至连一些简单的任务都记不住。他经常忘记自己儿子的名字。这个人在几年时间内，每周的每个工作日都要使用电话长达六个小时。他的家庭医生责怪他不该过多使用手机，但是老板的医生不这么认为。是什么让手机存在潜在的危害呢？答案是辐射。高科技机器能够检测到手机里的极少量辐射。手机公司承认是有辐射，但是他们说辐射量很小，不足以引起担心。随着手机安全性讨论的继续，似乎最好的办法是不那么经常使用手机。需要打长时间的电话时，使用你的座机。仅在你真的需要使用手机的时候再用。手机很有用，也很方便，尤其是在紧急情况下。未来，手机可能会有一个警告标志，提醒你手机有

59、害健康。因此现在明智的做法是不要经常使用手机。41People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT thatAtheyre popular.Btheyre cheap.Ctheyre useful.Dtheyre convenient.42The word “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced byAcured.Bremoved.Cdiscovered.Dcaused.43The salesman retired young becauseAhe disliked usin

60、g mobile phones.Bhe was tired of talking on his mobile phone.Che couldnt remember simple tasks.Dhis employers doctor persuaded him to.44On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companiesAdeny the existence of mobile phone radiation.Bdevelop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiat