英语语言学-练习题(含答案)

1、可编辑I . Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.In the study of linguisti

2、cs, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other are as, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and m

3、e thods applicable in any linguistic study.Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaning ful sentences.The study of the ways in which morphemes can be co

4、mbined to fo rm words is called morphology.Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only st udies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.Both semantics and pragmatics study mean

5、ings.Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context.Social changes can often bring about language changes.Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descripti ve

6、.Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.A diachronic study of language is the description of language at s ome point in time.Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not t he written language.The distinction between competence and performance was propo sed by F.

7、de Saussure.n . Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:Chomsky defines a competence as the ideal user sk of the rules of his language.Langue refers to the a linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the c oncr

8、ete use of the conventions and application of the rules.D is one of the design features of human languagewhich refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.Language is a system of a vocal symbols

9、used for human communication.The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called sHuman capacity for language has a g basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.P refers to the realization of langue in actual

10、use.Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the sett lement of some practical problems. The study of such applicatio ns is generally known as a linguistics.Language is p in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other w ords, they ca

11、n produce and understand an infinitely large numb er of sentences which they have never heard before.Linguistics is generally defined as the s study of language.in . There are four choices following each statement. Mark the c hoice that can best complete the statement:If a linguistic study describes

12、 and analyzes the language peo ple actually use, it is said to be.prescriptiveanalyticdescriptivelinguisticWhich of the following is not a design feature of human lan guage?ArbitrarinessDisplacementDualityMeaningfulnessModern linguistics regards the written language as.primarycorrectsecondarystableI

13、n modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because.in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingspeech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyedspeech is always the way in which every native speaker acquir es his mother tongueAll

14、 of the aboveA historical study of language is a study of language.synchronicdiachronicprescriptivecomparativeSaussure took a(n)view of language, while Chomsky l ooks at language from a point of view.sociological psychologicalpsychologica l sociologicalapplied pragmaticD.semantic linguisticAccording

15、 to F. de Saussure,refers to the abstract lin guistic system shared by all the mem- bers of a speech commu nity.paroleperformancelangueLanguageLanguage is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical c onnection between and meanings.sensesoundsobjectsideasLanguage can be used to refer to context

16、s removed from th e immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is calleddisplacementdualityflexibilitycultural transmissionThe details of any language system is passed on from one g eneration to the next through, rather than by instinct.learningteachingbooksboth A and BIV . Define the followi

17、ng terms:LinguisticsPhonologySyntaxPragmaticsPsycholinguisticsLanguagePhoneticsMorphologySemanticsSociolinguisticsApplied LinguisticsArbitrarinessProductivityDisplacementDualityDesign FeaturesCompetencePerformanceLangueParoleSuggested answers to supplementary exercises:I . Decide whether each of the

18、 following statements is True or F alse:T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. FT 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. T 18. F 19. F 20. Fn . Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begi ns with the letter given:21. knowledge 22. abstract 23. Duality 24. arbitrary 25. syntax26.

19、genetic 27. Parole 28. applied 29. productive 30. scientific ( or systematic)in . There are four choices following each statement. Mark the c hoice that can best complete the statement.31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. DIV . Define the following terms:Linguistics: Linguistics

20、 is generally defined as the scientific st udy of language.Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and u sed in communication is called phonology.Syntax: The study of how morphemes and words are combin ed to form sentences is called syntax.Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of u

21、se is called pragmatics.Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to th e workings of mind is called psycholinguistics.Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols u sed for human communication.Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistic c ommunication is c

22、alled phonetics.Morphology: The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology.Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called sema ntics.Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to soc iety is called sociolinguistics.Applied linguistics: In a

23、 narrow sense, applied linguistics refe rs to the application of linguistic principles and theories to lang uage teaching and learning, especially the teaching of foreign a nd second languages. In a broad sense, it refers to the applicati on of linguistic findings to the solution of practical proble

24、ms su ch as the recovery of speech ability.arbitrariness: It is one of the design features of language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings an d soundsProductivity: Language is productive or creative in that it ma kes possible the construction and interpretation of new sign

25、als by its users.Displacement: Displacement means that language can be us ed to refer to things which are present or not present, real or im agined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away pla ces. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts r emoved from the immediate situations of the speakerDuality: The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two level s, one of so