英语二自学教程UnitTextA课文翻译详细解析

1、Pre-reading Questions阅读前问题Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents?一。你通常会质疑作者所代表的观点吗？What do you think is active reading你认为什么是主动阅读What suggestions do you expect the author will gjve on reading critically?2。你希望作者对批判性阅读有什么建议？Critical Reading批判性阅读Critical reading applies to non-fiction wr

2、iting in which the author puts forth a position or HHHI make a statement.批判性阅读适用于作者提出立场或试图发表声明的非小说写作。Critical reading is active reading.批判性阅读是主动阅读。It involves more than just inderstanding what an author is saying.它涉及的不仅仅是理解一个作者在说什么。Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author

3、 is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying.批判性阅读包括质疑和评价作者所说的话，并形成自己对作者所说的话的看法。Hereare the things you should do to be a critical reader作为一个批判性的读者，你应该做以下几件事Consider the context _of what is written.考虑一下所写内容的上下文。You may be reading something that was written by an author fr

4、om a different cultural context than yours.你可能在读一个作家写的东西，他的文化背景和你的不同。Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours.或者，你可能正在阅读一段时间前写的东西，而不是你的时间背景。In either case, you must recognizeand take into account any differences between yourvalues and attitudes an

5、d those!) represented by the author无论是哪种情况，你都必须认识到并考虑到你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度之间的任何差异Question assertions made by the author. Dont accept what is written at face value作者提出的质疑。不要接受按面值写的东西Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made.在接受所写

6、内容之前，请确保作者为所作的任何断言提供了足够的支持。Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support.寻找能提供支持的事实、例子和统计数据。Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities另外，看看作者是否整合了当局的工作Compare what is written with other wrilten work on the subject.把写的东西和其他关于这个主题的作品作比较。Look to seejhat what

7、is writen is consistent with what others have written about the subject.看看写的东西和别人写的东西是一致的。If there are inconsistencies carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies如果有不一致之处，请仔细评估作者对不一致之处提供的支持Analyze assumptions made by the author.分析作者所做的假设假设Assumptions are whatever the a

8、uthor must believe is true in order to make assertions.假设是作者为了做出断言而必须相信是真的。In many cases, the authors assumptions are not directly stated.在许多情况下，作者的假设没有直接陈述。This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions.这意味着您必须仔细阅读以确定任何假设Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whet

9、her or not the assumption is valid一旦你确定了一个假设，你就必须决定这个假设是否有效Evaluale the sources the author uses.评估作者使用的源代码。In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible.在这样做的时候，要确定来源是可信的。For example, Einstein is a credible sourceJf the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics.例如，如果作者写的是物理学

10、中的里程碑式的成就，爱因斯坦是一个可信的来源Also be certain that the sources are relevant.也要确定来源是相关的Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.当主题是诗歌时，爱因斯坦不是一个相关的来源Finally_if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sourcesare current.最后，如果作者写的是一个主题的当前状态，请确保来源是最新的For

11、example, studied done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate_if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in Identify any possible author bias.例如，爱因斯坦在20世纪初所做的研究，如果作者在讨论当前的知识状况，以确定任 何可能的作者偏见,可能是不合适的。A written discussion of American politics wil look considerably d

12、ifferent depending onwhether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican根据作者是民主党人还是共和党人，对美国政治的书面讨论看起来会大不相同What is written may very well reflect a biased position.所写的很可能反映出一种偏颇的立场You need to take this possible bias into accouni_when reading_what the author has written.当你读作者写的东西时，你需要考虑到这种可能的偏见That is, ta

13、ke what is written with a grain of salt也就是说，把写的东西加上“一粒盐”By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate作为一个批判性的读者，你会变得更有见识，并且可能会根据需要改变你的观点阅读前问题一。你通常会质疑作者所代表的观点吗？你认为什么是主动阅读2。你希望作者对批判性阅读有什么建议？批判性阅读批判性阅读适用于作者提出立场或试图发表声明的非小说写作。批判性阅读是主动阅读。它不仅仅涉及到贾斯汀对一个

14、作家所说的话的理解 批判性阅读包括质疑和评价作者所说的话，并形成自己对作者所说的话的看法。作为一个批判性的读者，你应该做以下几件事考虑一下所写内容的上下文。你可能在读一个作家写的东西，他的文化背景和你的不同。或者，你可能正在阅读一段时间前写的东西，而不是你的时间背景。无论是哪种情况，你都必须认识到并考虑到你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度之间的任何差异作者提出的质疑。不要接受按面值写的东西在接受所写内容之前，请确保作者为所作的任何断言提供了足够的支持。寻找能提供支持的事实、例子和统计数据。另外，看看作者是否整合了当局的工作把写的东西和其他关于这个主题的作品作比较。看看写的东西和别人写的

15、东西是一致的。如果有不一致之处，请仔细评估作者对不一致之处提供的支持分析作者所做的假设假设相信是真的，才能做出断言。在许多情况下，作者的假设没有直接陈述。这意味着您必须仔细阅读以确定任何假设。一旦你确定了一个假设，你就必须决定这个假设是否有效评估作者使用的源代码。在这样做的时候，要确定来源是可信的。例如，如果作者写的是物理学中的里程碑式的成就，爱因斯坦是一个可信的来源。也要确定来源是相关的 当主题是诗歌时，爱因斯坦不是一个相关的来源。最后，如果作者写的是一个主题的当前状态，请确保来源是最新的。例如，爱因斯坦在20世纪初所做的研究，如果作者在讨论当前的知识状况，以确定任何可能的作者偏见，可能是不

16、合适的。根据作者是民主党人还是共和党人，对美国政治的书面讨论看起来会大不相同所写的很可能反映出一种偏颇的立场。当你读作者写的东西时，你需要考虑到这种可能的偏见，也就是说，把写的东西加上“一粒盐”作为一个批判性的读者，你会变得更有见识，并且可能会根据需要改变你的观点Pre-reading QuestionsDo you usually challenge the idea an author represents?What do you think is active readingWhat suggestions do you expect the author will give on re

17、ading critically?Critical ReadingCritical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement.Critical reading is active reading.It involves more than justinderstanding what an author is saying.Critical reading involves questioning and evalua

18、tingwhat the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying.Hereare the things you should do to be a critical readerConsider the context of what is written.You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours.Or, you

19、 may be reading somethingwritten some time ago in a different time context than yours.In either case, you must recognizeand take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those representedby the authorQuestion assertions made by the author. Dont accept what is written at fac

20、e valueBefore accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for anyassertions made.Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support.Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authoritiesCompare what is written with other wrilten work o

21、n the subject.Look to see that what is writen is consistent with what others have written about the subject.If there are inconsistenciescarefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistenciesAnalyze assumptions made by the author Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is

22、 true in order to make assertions.In many cases, the authors assumptions are notdirectly stated.This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions.Onceyou identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is validEvaluale the sources the author uses.In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible.For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmarkachievements in physics.Also be certain that the sources are relevant.Einstein is not a rele