高考写作技巧指导：运用技巧精选论据+说明文写作之项目描述+高考微写作指导

1、高三基础写作指导专题三说明文写作之项目描述Revision: Introduce a person, a place, an activity by using a sentence.英文名：Angela性别：女班级：高三6班爱好：唱歌和跳舞Angela， a girl from class 6, Senior Three, loves/ has deeplovefor singing and dancing.Tip: 同位语2. 我校综合楼面积：523平方米功能室包括：会议室，图书馆， 实验室以及舞蹈房。The Multifunctional Building has an area of

2、523 square meters, including functional classrooms such as meeting hall ,library ,laboratory and dancing room.Covering an area of 523 square meters, the Multifunctional Building has many functional classrooms such as meeting hall ,library ,laboratory and dancing room.TIPS: 用现在分词, 用举例来解释。The Multifun

3、ctional Building3. 我班计划制作班级相册，请每人下周上交一张个人照，要求能体现个人风格和特色。In order to make our class photo album , we demand everyone hand in a personal photo which can show your character and style next week .TIP: 用宾语从句，定语从句Introduce an item, such as a book, an invention, a festival, a production, a cultural custom,

4、 in order to give information to the readers.广东高考：2008年 介绍运动项目“射击”，2011年介绍引起争议的教育书籍项目描述属于说明文的范畴，一般是用简明的语言对某个事物、某项活动、某个产品或者某种风俗习惯进行描写，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。The MidAutumn Festival，which is one of the most important traditional festivals in China，falls on August 15th of the lunar calendar every year. Not only

5、 is it popular in China but it is also celebrated in many other Asian countries. People believe that the moon is a symbol of reunion，luck and fortune，and it is a custom to express best wishes to the beloved ones at this particular time. On that day people usually go back home to have a happy reunion

6、，enjoying a large meal with their familyThey will also eat moon cakes，which are round cakes with meat，eggs，nuts and other things inside一、观摩领悟The Festival，which is one of the most festivals in ，falls on every year. Not only is it but it is also celebrated in . People believe that is a symbol of ，and

7、it is a custom to express . On that day people usually ，enjoying with They will also ，which are 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句现在分词并列句宾语从句并列句，倒装句【结构分析与解读】(1)高考命题中，项目描述一般以图表式，有时候以图画式或者提纲式命题。要求考生根据所给的图表、数据及标题进行分析、研究，阅读其中的文字和说明，弄清各种信息之间的关系，提炼和确定出句子主干，然后进行信息整合 。(2)人称通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主，特定时间用过去时。 （3）写作顺序：概括描述项目影响项目内容及特点

8、。二、写作指导即学即练：翻译下列句子。1射击，原先是一种生存手段，到了19世纪晚期才发展成一种运动项目。2苹果5，即触屏智能手机，是苹果的第六代产品。3太阳能汽车(solar car)，外形与普通车形状相近，但有好些优点。4. 缺点：价格昂贵；动力不足，最高速度只有70公里/小时.5. 微信是腾讯公司于2011年1月推出的一款快速发送文字和照片、支持多人语音对讲的手机聊天软件。 6. 京剧，中国国粹，有200多年的历史。翻译下列句子。1射击，原先是一种生存手段，到了19世纪晚期才发展成一种运动项目。（08年广东高考）_即学即练Shooting，originated as a means of

9、survival，developed into a sport only in the late 19th century.2苹果5，即触屏智能手机，是苹果的第六代产品。_The iPhone 5，a touchscreen smart phone，is the sixth generation of the iPhone.3太阳能汽车(solar car)，外形与普通车形状相近，但有好优点。4. 缺点：价格昂贵；动力不足，最高速度只有70公里/小时.Solar cars，which get their energy from the sun through solar panels，look

10、 similar to ordinary cars，but they have several advantages. Not only are they much more expensive to buy than normal cars，but theyre also less powerful ，with a top speed of only 70 km/h._ 5. 微信是腾讯公司于2011年1月推出的一款快速发送文字和照片、支持多人语音对讲的手机聊天软件。 6. 京剧，中国国粹，有200多年的历史。 WeChat is a mobile text and voice messag

11、ing communication service developed by Tencent in China, first released in January 2011.Having a history of over 200 years, Peking opera is know as the national opera of china. _写作顺序：概括描述项目影响项目内容及特点（2014年广州一模）If you were the English teacher, how much would you score these writing assignments?Can you

12、 help to rewrite some of the sentences?来，这是你的一沓!Criteria MarksContent（内容）(是否包括所有提示要点, 是否用5句话表达全文）Language（语言） (观点表达是否清晰、明确，句子是否得当) Coherence（连贯）（是否用恰当的连词，副词，短语来衔接句子）Writing AssessmentThe white tea is one of the six major tea in china. It famous for his color and in Fujian, Taiwan is rich white tea.

13、Everyone drink the tea can prevention high blood pressure, also assist help toothache and headache.学生考场作文选1（2014广一模）Drinking white tea can not only prevent but also help to relievethepainof.It is famous for its color and it is mainly grown in Fujian and Taiwan. 学生考场作文选2（2014广一模） It is one of the six

14、 major tea, white tea, because of its color is white. It mainly produced in Fujian and Taiwan, and it has a long history that first appeared in the northern song dynasty. White tea is famous for it like a needle, has beautiful shape and its sweet taste. The special character of white tea can prevent

15、ion of high blood pressure. People usually drink white tea can beneficial to their health also can treat headache and toothache.It is one of the six major tea, white tea, because of its color is white.White tea , one of the six major tea types in china, gets its name from its white color.White tea i

16、s famous for it like a needle, has beautiful shape and its sweet taste.White tea is famous for its needle shape and sweet taste.People usually drink white tea can beneficial to their health also can treat headache and toothache.Drinking white tea can not only be beneficial to peoples health but also

17、 .HomeworkP89 (二)基础写作。你接受了一项写作任务，要为英语校报的“科技与发明”栏目写一篇环保产品介绍。写作内容请根据以下信息，介绍太阳能汽车。Thank you for attending !备选材料概括描述项目影响项目内容及特点。Whitetea,whichgetsitsnamefromitssilver-whitecolor,isregardedasoneofthesixmajorChineseteatypes.DatingbacktotheBeisongDynasty,WhiteTeahasalong historyanditismainlygrowninFujianan

18、dTaiwan. WhiteTeaisfamousforitsbeautifulsilver-needle likeshape, itssweettasteanditsmedicinaleffects. Thelonger itispreserved,thebettereffectithas.WhiteTeaisgoodforhealthifdrunkfrequentlyandcanbeusedinpreventingdiseaseslikehighbloodpressureandhelpingrelievethepainoftoothacheandfever.名称太阳能汽车(solar ca

19、r)原理通过太阳板(solar panels)从日光中获取能量外形与普通车形状相近优点低噪音、无污染、环保车身小、易驾驶、易停车缺点价格昂贵动力不足，最高速度只有70公里/小时最大问题：每次充电(charge)后只能行驶约100公里 写作要求只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。评分标准句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。_参考答案Solar cars，which get their energy from the sun through solar panels，look similar to ordinary cars，but they have several advantages. Th

20、ey produce little noise and almost no air pollution，so theyre quite good for the environment.Also，as theyre comparatively smaller，solar cars are easy to drive and park.However，not only are they much more expensive to buy than normal cars，but theyre also less powerful ，with_a top speed of only 70 km/

21、h. The biggest problem of all is that they can only be driven about 100 km before their battery needs recharging/to be recharged.WeChat (Chinese: 微信) is a mobile text and voice messaging communication service developed by Tencent in China, first released in January 2011.8 It is the largest standalon

22、e messaging app by monthly active users.9The app is available on Android, iPhone, BlackBerry, Windows Phone and Symbian phones, and there are also Web-based and OS X10 clients but these require the user to have the app installed on a supported mobile phone for authentication.11 As of August 2014, We

23、Chat has 438 million active users; with 70 million outside of China.12Users can register WeChat with Facebook account or sign up with phone number.13 WeChat currently supports phone numbers of more than 100 countries to register. Registration cannot be done directly through Tencent QQ. But users can

24、 connect their WeChat account with Tencent QQ account after registering through phone number.14 2相关短语。以出现/起源，一种生存手段，发展成为，被允许，稳定增长，历史上两次，参加，参与，被认为是，给某人提供帮助，与相似，从中选择两个科目，作为一项运动取得它的地位，相关的阅读材料，开阔视野，给某人提供一个平台originate as. a means of survivaldevelop intobe allowed togrow steadilytwice in historyparticipat

25、e inis considered to be(as) offer sb.helpbe similar tochoose two subjects out of. earn its status as a sportrelated reading materialsbroaden ones horizonsprovide sb.with a platform高考议论文复习课件运用技巧精选论据选择论据时要注意的几点：1、辨别主旨，适度取舍 对掌握的事例进行筛选辨析区别不同材料所蕴含的要旨的细微差异。从论证的角度，从不同的角度进行取舍。 例1：常言道：勤能补拙，事实正是如此。居里夫人在法国读书时，

26、每天早晨，总是第一个来到教室；每天晚上，几乎都在图书馆度过。图书馆到10点就关门了，她便回到自己的小屋子里，在煤油灯下读书，常常到半夜两点钟。勤能补拙居里夫人正是她的勤奋，才为她后来的成功奠定了坚实的基础。我国第一个电子学女博士韦钰在西德进修期间，没有空暇到繁华的街头漫步，没有精力去剧场、影院欣赏艺术，她一心扑在专业学习上，就连生病也拒绝休息。正是刻苦，才使她为祖国赢得了荣誉。 这段文字中选用的这些人物本身就不“拙”，不能说她们的“勤”补了她们的“拙”，所以此段文字选用论据不准确。2、事例宜多不宜少(一般以三个为宜) 论据充分，表现在例证方面就意味着必须多选用一些合适的事例。3、事例宜高度概括

27、不宜拖沓冗长例3：司马迁报任安书 “盖文王拘而演周易；仲尼厄而作春秋；屈原放逐，乃赋离骚；左丘失明，厥有国语；孙子膑脚，兵法修列；不韦迁蜀，世传吕览；韩非囚秦，说难孤愤；诗三百篇，大底圣贤发愤之所为作也。”4、事例宜多维组合不宜单方位出击（1）正反事例组合 。例4：如来佛祖抛除私欲，性格沉稳，终修成正果，普渡众生；诸葛孔明淡泊明志，宁静致远，终运筹帷幄，功成名就。有了私欲，心中自然无法沉稳下来，遇事则慌，处事则乱。霸王以一已私欲，赶走亚父，气走韩信，终被困垓下，遗憾千古，长使英雄泪满襟。霸王之败，后人哀之。后人哀之而不鉴之，则必使后人而复哀后人矣。 稳中求胜这篇2005年高考作文巧以如来、孔明

28、与项羽对比，孰是孰非，一目了然。（2）不同时空事例组合。例子5: 其实，只要我们稍加考察，就不难发现，古今中外像贝利和谢晋这样的成大事者，可谓不胜枚举，比比皆是。曹雪芹批阅十载增删五次，“字字看来皆是血”，乃成世界不朽的文学巨著红楼梦；齐白石从成名及至80岁以后，五易画风，遂为一代国画宗师；比尔盖茨的微软公司继1995年推出世界软件史上最为引人瞩目的“视窗95”后，从“视窗98”到“视窗xP”，乃至即将上市的“视窗VISTA”，年年都有升级产品问世；爱迪生自16岁发明电话自动拨号机开始，平均每3天就有一顼新发明；吴文俊继“拓扑学大地震”之后再创“数学机械化”；张健挑战极限；刘翔超越梦想所有这些

29、成功的秘诀，就在于不断地挑战自己，超越自己。 例子6:论点：自立自强（3）详略事例巧妙组合“虎父犬子”的现象，在历史上多不胜数。蜀主刘备，一代英豪，儿子刘禅却是“扶不起的阿斗”；名将周瑜，足智多谋，儿子周胤却荒淫自恣、终遭流放；唐太宗李世民，雄才大略，十四个儿子却无一成器；名相寇准，智慧过人，子孙却骄奢淫逸，沦为庶人（论据）这些“犬子”们，躺在父辈功勋的温床上，自我放纵，不思进取。他们不懂得，只有自立自强，才能创造属于自己的人生。（评析）无论出身如何，我们都要靠自己编织未来。（论点） 罗列事例（虎父犬子）归纳共性（依靠祖荫）揭示实质（不懂自立）5、事例宜叙议结合不宜简单罗列。如何用好事例(实)

30、论据 l、例后假设 即用假设性的语言，把事物之间的因果关系讲出来，前苏联伟大的无产阶级文学的奠基人高尔基，青年时代一度希望成为一名歌唱家。他曾去报考一个著名的合唱团，竟被录取了。可是，他经过再三考虑，最终放弃了歌唱事业拿起了战斗的笔，成为一代文学大师。如果高尔基没有作出这样的选择，也许几十年后，世界上只会增 加一名平庸的歌唱家而失去一位文学巨匠了。 可见正确的选择使他的青春无憾，人生无悔。 进行假设性的分析，有一个最基本的要求：就是你举的例子是正面的，那么你就从反面来假设分析；你举的例子是反面的，你就从正面来进行假设。2、例后评论 在叙述完事例后，为了密切所举例子和观点的关系，或为了突出事例所

31、蕴涵的意义，要对其进行评论。 如： 舍弃应该舍弃的，你便是智者。世界文豪高尔基在他的房间失火时，他没有顾及衣物、家具、财产，甚至没有顾及生命，从熊熊大火中救出的是几箱书。 他舍弃了凡夫俗子眼中的财富，守住的是启迪心志、净化心灵的真正的财富。正确的舍弃，使他的人格独具魅力。 那位宰相舍弃了自己面子上的威严，以宽容礼让的胸襟，大度能容之气概，化干戈为玉帛，止争斗于未起。如果没有超出常人的高风亮节，怎会作出如此的舍弃？再如： 安徽桐城有一条：“六尺巷”，起因是张、叶两家争地。张家主人乃当朝宰相，张老夫人致信给他，他回信却说“千里家书只为墙，让他三尺又何妨，长城万里今犹在，不见当年秦始皇”。于是张家让

32、出三尺。叶家深感惭愧，也让出三尺，便成了现在的“六尺巷”。 在叙述完事例之后，对所叙的几件事例进行比较，找出相同，发现不同，能够使读者深刻理解所举事例的内涵，强化所论述的观点；或拿所叙事例与现实生活中的某些现象进行比较，突现写作的目的。 如下例：3、例后比较 左思为写三都赋闭门谢客，数载耕耘。三九严冬，笔耕不辍；三伏酷暑，意兴犹酣。多少白日，三餐忘食；多少夜晚，独对孤灯。“衣带渐宽终不悔”的执着，换来了丰硕的成果，三都赋轰动全城，一时洛阳纸贵。英国物理学家法拉第，为了揭示电和磁的奥秘整整奋斗了10年，10年中，他不懈地努力，却不断地失败；不断地失败，却又不懈地努力。 10年之后，他成为揭示电磁奥秘的第一人。左思和法拉第，不同时代，不同国籍，不同的研究领域，而他们成功的道路却是相