【金版学案】2015届高考英语总复习 语法专题 第七讲 动词的时态与语态精练精析 新人教版

1、 第七讲 动词的时态与语态动词时态考点透析1十种常用的动词时态句子结构。(S主语， do 动词原形， does动词第三人称单数，did过去式， doing现在分词， done过去分词)一般现在时：Sdo/does.,一般过去时：Sdid.,现在进展时：Sam/is/aredoing.,过去进展时：Swas/were doing.,一般将来时：Swill/shalldo.,过去将来时：Sshould/woulddo.,现在完成时：Shave/has done.,过去完成时：Shaddone.,现在完成进展时： Shave/has been doing.,过去完成进展时： Shad beendoi

2、ng.2在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中，一般现在时表示将来，这时主句要用一般将来时态。(1)The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.如果下雨的话，排球赛就会推迟。(2)If city noises are not kept from increasin，gpeople will have to shout to beheard 20 years from now on.如果不阻止城市噪音增长的话，20 年后人们就得大喊大叫才能让人听见。3一般现在时可表示主语具备的某种能力、某种性能。例如：(1)I play pingpong quite

3、 well， but I havent had time to play since the newyear.(“会打球是主语具备的一种能力，不会短时间内消失，用现在时)(2)Can I help you，sir?Yes，I bought this radio here yesterday，but it doesnt_work.(doesnt work是主语的性能)4过去将来时和过去完成时都是相对过去时间而存在的时态，在答题时，一定要仔细揣摩上下文的时间关系。例如：(1)We were all surprised when he made it cleatrhat he would_leave

4、 office soon.(2)How long had_they_known each other before they got married?For about a year.(3)Helen had_left her key in the office，so she had to wait until her husbandcame home.5leave，go，arrive，take，fly，start，begin，come 等动词的现在时可表计划安排好的将来，它们的进展时也可以表示将来的动作。例如：(1)The train leaves at four oclock.Lets h

5、urry.(2)Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida.I am_taking my mum together.6be going to 表早就安排好的将来，或表根据某种迹象判断要发生的事情；will/shall表临时决定要做的动作；be to 表按约定计划或按职责、义务将要发生的动作，强调主语的意志和决心；be about to 表马上就要发生的动作，不能与表示将来确实切时间状语连用。(1)What are you going to do this evening?Im going to see a film with my friend.(2)

6、Havent you known Mr.Wang is ill?Really? Then Ill go to see him instead.(3)How about seeing a film tomorrow?Sorry，I cant.I am to take the driving test.7如果句中有 so far，since，by now，in the last few years，till now，up to now等表示时间的短语，谓语动词只能用现在完成时。例如：(1)So far they have dug more than 100 wells to get enough

7、drinking water.(2)I have been busy during the last few days.8句型“It is the first time.，“This is the last time.中，从句的谓语要用现在完成时。句型“It was the first time.，“This was the last time.中，从句的谓语要用过去完成时。例如：1 / 5 This is the first time Ive been here.That was the second time that they had witnessed an accident at t

8、he crossing.9句中的状语是“by the end of过去时间，动词用过去完成时。句中的状语是“by the end of将来时间，动词用将来完成时。例如：(1)By the end of last term，we had learned about three thousand English words.到上学期末，我们大约学了 3 000 个英语单词。(2)By the end of next month，we shall have finished Book Five.到下个月末，我们将已经学完了第五册。二、动词的语态考点透析英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语

9、态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。做有关被动语态的题目可以分为两步走：第一步确定正确的时态，第二步确定正确的语态。判断用主动语态还是用被动语态的根据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系：如果是主谓关系如此用主动语态，如果是动宾关系如此用被动语态。被动语态的构成(以 write 为例)时间一般时态现在am/is/are writtenwas/were beingwritten过去was/were writtenshall/willhad been written将来be written1.进展时、将来时、完成时、情态动词的被动语态的谓语分别是be being done ，will

10、/shall be done, have/has/had been done，情态动词be done，不要遗漏任何局部。All the work must be finished by Friday.A railway is being built to connect these two cities.2get过去分词表被动。They got married last week.He fell and got hurt.3主动形式表被动意义。(1)系动词 look，feel，sound，smell，taste，seem，appear，go，prove，turn 等形容词/名词。The dis

11、h tastes delicious.His plan proved (to be) practical.(2)be worth doingThe book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。(3)need/want/require/beardoingneed/want/require to be doneThe room needs cleaning.The room needs to be cleaned.屋子需要打扫。(4)beadj.to doThe place is hard to find in the map.这个地方在地图上很难被发现。(5)当句子的主语是物，同

12、时又是动作涉与的对象，而动词又是明确主语本身的特性时，用主动形式表被动意义。这时，句末有一个表示方式的副词。The pen I bought yesterday writes smoothly.我昨天买的钢笔书写流畅。The cloth washes well.这种布耐洗。2 / 5 2My legs _ (ache) and I wasnt looking forward to cooking dinner.3Pretexting is when private investigators treat themselves as someone else,they _ (give) pers

13、onal information.10For example，I _ (order) a digital camera online the other day andsaved about $50.答案：will be given3 / 5 4解析：句子的主语 claims 与 test 是动宾关系，故用被动。答案：will be tested5解析：根据上下文，此处应该用一般过去时。答案：kept6解析：用 so far (到目前为止)作状语的句子用现在完成时。答案：have been established7解析：celebrate 和 Valentines Day 是动宾关系，所以用被

14、动。该句描述一般事实，所以用一般现在时。答案：is celebrated8解析：programs 和 broadcast 是动宾关系。答案：be broadcast9解析：which 指 art，teach 和 art 是动宾关系，所以用被动。答案：be taught10解析：该句的时间状语是 the other day(几天前)，应该用一般过去时。答案：ordered11解析：该空是 when 引导的时间状语从句主语 my car 的谓语。从句中没有时间状语或时间状语从句，但主句的谓语动词 was setting 用了过去进展时，同时此句也是一个特殊的句型：.was/were doing.w

15、hen.did.。答案：broke12解析：空格处是主语 Being too anxious to help an event develop的谓语，本句的状语是 often，上句的谓语 is saying 是现在进展时，可知此句谓语应用一般现在时。同时，主语是动名词短语，谓语动词应用单数。答案：results13解析：前空是主语 people 的谓语，上文的并列谓语是 stepped，可知时态，语态与主谓一致。因此，此空的答案应为：pushed。后空是主语 Jane 的谓语，上文的谓语 was 是一般过去时，此外，主语 Jane 与谓语 inform(告知)之间的关系是被动关系(被告知)，同

16、时主语 Jane 是单数，因此此空答案应为：was informed。答案：pushed；was informed14解析：该空是主语 the young man 的谓语，本句的状语是 After a fourday journey，上句的谓语是 filled，可知本句的谓语用一般过去时。答案：presented15解析：该空是主语 He 的谓语，上句谓语是 got，found 和 noticed，本句后有并列谓语动词 giving，可知本句谓语应用过去进展时。答案：was pretending16解析：“从九点开始，经理一直在跟工人们讲，强调动作的持续进展，用现在完成进展时。答案：has b

17、een telling17解析：日本政府得到帮助在前，表达感谢在后，用过去完成时。答案：had received18解析：从 Look 可知此句明确沙发的现状，即有人此前清洁沙发，沙发现在是干净的。要表示过去的动作对现在的影响或和现在的联系，用现在完成时。答案：has cleaned19解析：分析过程同上。答案：has come20解析：前面 agreed 表示“我们达成共识，这间村舍将成为全家人度假的地方。答案：would make.用所给单词的适当形式完成如下短文It was getting dark when I 1. _ (get) home. It was cold and I 2.

18、 _ (wear)a coat.I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out the key,4 / 5 but I couldnt find it. I suddenly remembered that I 3. _ (leave) it on mydesk in the office. It really didnt make any difference. I knew my wife 4. _(be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I5. _(knock) at the door. There was no answer. I 6. _ (continue) knocking at thedoor for some time. I 7. _ (get) angry.Then I remembered something the officeboy 8. _ (tell) me at noon.He said that my wife 9