河南理工安全工程专业英语(10级安全工程专业英语)

1、Specialized English for Students Major in Safety Enginering 矿山安全专业外语 Prof. Cui,Hongqing 崔洪庆 教授Oct.,20132013年10月Basic Requirements基本要求Attend the class on time 按时上课Hand in homework 上交作业Pass the final test 通过结课考试A Small QuizHow to read the following numbers in English? 9999 Nine thousand nine hundred (

2、and) ninety-nine 2782234467 2，782，234，467two billion，seven hundred and eighty-two million，two hundred and thirty-four thousand， four hundred and sixty-sevenA Small QuizHow to read the following numbers in english3/4 three-fourths 107 the seventh power of ten（ten to the seventh power) A Small QuizHow

3、 to answer the following questions ? What is the time by your watch? Do you know the following words and phrases? Management system Organizational safety culture Hazard identificationComprehensive model of accident causation Why do you learn specialized English?Reading and understanding specialized

4、materials in English.Be ready for your english abstracts and papers which you have to write in the future.Be ready for you to communicate the academic or specialized issues with other people in english world.Study goals Be familiar to specialized vocabulary as more as possible, not less than one hun

5、dred words and phrasesBe familiar to the characteristics of specialized expressions in EnglishBe familiar to the skills to read and understand specialized english materialsBe able to write the abstract for an academic paper expertly科技文章的特点科技文章的特点大量使用名词化结构广泛使用被动句非限定动词的应用大量使用后置定语常出现长句一、名词化结构 名词化是指把动词、

6、形容词通过一定的方式，如加缀、转化等转换成名词的语法过程。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实,而非某一行为。一、名词化结构名词化转换形式用名词替代动词 The earth rotates on its own axis, which causes the change from day to night. The rotation of the earth on own axis causes the changes from day to night.用名词替代形容词 It is doubtful how accurate the results are.

7、 The accuracy of these results is doubtful.用名词替代句子 If the experiment is done by this method, there will be some loss of equipment. The doing of the experiment by this method will entail some loss of equipment.二、被动句科技文章侧重叙事、推理，强调客观、准确，因而大量采用第三人称叙述，使用被动语态。The safety policy should be put into practice

8、through careful planning of the safety activities.三、非限定动词非限定动词，又叫非谓语动词，具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等。英语非限定动词有三种基本形式：不定式(Infinitives)动名词（gerunds）分词（现在分词Present Participles和过去分词ed Participles)。 三、非限定动词不定式A safety policy is the managements expression of the direction to be followed in the o

9、rganization.动名词Organizational culture is a major component affecting organizational performance and behavior.分词He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself.Half of the guests invited to the party were foreigners.四、后置定语定语在修饰名词时，放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语，反之，称为后置定语。常见句子结构形式有：介词短语后置 In small and medium-si

10、zed companies, the safety manager and the safety representative often have other duties besides their health and safety tasks.形容词及形容词短语后置 The efforts necessary to assure that sufficient emphasis is placed on system safety are often organized into formal programs.四、后置定语常见句子结构形式有：副词后置 The air outside

11、pressed the side in.分词后置 The results obtained must be checked.定语从句后置 The safety managers role is to act as an expert who is aware of the health and safety legislation and other obligations concerning the company.五、长句科技论文中经常为了表达一个复杂的概念而使用长句。One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture h

12、as been presented by Schein who has said that organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptionsinvented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integrationthat has worked well enough to be considered valid and, the

13、refore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problem”.目前较为常见的在线翻译工具谷歌翻译http:/ 有道在线翻译 http:/ 金山词霸翻译 http:/ 与其他两款在线翻译相比，谷歌在线翻译界面清爽，支持全球50多种语言的翻译，翻译结果可以随着输入实时显示，而且当鼠标划到某个单词或某句话时，还支持双语对照显示。输入词组时也可支持扩展释义，而且文本和翻译结果都可以朗读。 本次采用谷歌在线翻译。PART 1 汉译英首先打开

14、浏览器，进入谷歌在线翻译。在页面左侧选择中文，右侧选择英语。复制想要翻译的文章并将其粘贴在图中左侧的空框中。单击翻译选项得出结果。翻译原文与翻译结果对照汉语原文：在采矿业中，普遍应用风机产生风流。矿上的新式风机大多数都是轴流式的。然而，许多离心式风机仍在使用中，它们也许是一些应用的首选. 不论是轴流式扇风机还是离心式扇风机，其一般规律都是相同的。它们的不同处仅仅是功率、压力和风量的个体特性。翻译结果：In the mining industry, the universal application of the fan produces airflow. Mine new mostly axi

15、al flow fan. However, many centrifugal fan is still in use, they may be the first choice of some applications. Both axial fan blower or centrifugal fan blower, the general rules are the same. They differ at only the individual characteristics of power, pressure and air volume.英语原文： The application o

16、f fans to induce airflow is common in the mining industry. The majority of modern mine fans are the axial-flow type. However, many centrifugal fan is still in use, they may be the first choice of some applications. Both axial fan blower or centrifugal fan blower, the general rules are the same. They

17、 differ in only the individual characteristics of power, pressure and air volume.LESSON 4 Mechanical Ventilation翻译原文与翻译结果对照通过矿井或矿井区段的风量Q所需的风压H是通过公式H=RQ2表示的。公式中的R为阻力因数，可以由已知的压力损失计算得出，也可以由通用的公式计算得出。矿井可用的风机能够满足大多数矿井阻力条件和所需风量间的关系。新式轴流式风机安装有可变安装角的叶片，这就使单个风机的应用范围更为广泛。不同的叶片设置可使同一风机能够在矿井阻力关系变化大的情况下运行。Requir

18、ed air flow through the section of the mine or mine air pressure H by the formula H = the RQ2 said. In the formula R is the resistance factor, the pressure loss can be known by the calculated, may also be calculated by a general formula.The mine fan available to meet the most mine resistance conditi

19、ons and the relationship between the amount of wind needed. New axial fan installed variable installation angle of the blade, which makes a single fan broader range of applications. Different set of blades the same fan can be able to run in the case of large changes in the mine resistance relation.

20、The pressure (H) required to pass a quantity (Q) through a mine or segment of a mine is expressed by the common formula H=RQ2, where R , the resistance factor, may be calculated from known pressure losses or from the common formula.Mine fans are available to suit most conditions of mine resistance a

21、nd desired volume relationships. Modern axial-flow fans are built with variable-pitch blades that permit a wide range of application for the single fan. The various blade settings permit the same fan to operate through a wide range of mine-resistance relationships.与之前的英文原文相比，由于翻译软件只是按照汉语的语句逐字进行翻译，所以

22、可能得出的有些结果并没有达到我们的要求，这时就需要我们对翻译软件所得出的结果进行整理和修改。以下列几句为例： 例 1汉语原文：在采矿业中，普遍应用风机产生风流。矿上的新式风机大多数都是轴流式的。在线翻译结果：In the mining industry, the universal application of the fan produces airflow. Mine new mostly axial flow fan.错误分析：第一句前半句翻译比较正确，并不需要修改。后半句虽然将句子的大体意思翻译了出来，但仍存在问题，如application of the fan 中fan应使用复数形式

23、fans等。第二句句中缺少be动词，且mine应该修饰fan，而不是放在句首。英语原文： The application of fans to induce airflow is common in the mining industry. The majority of modern mine fans are the axial-flow types. 例 2汉语原文：在通风系统中，如果一台风机单独运行，那么该风机的性能决定于它的特性曲线和矿井的阻力；如果风机和其它压力源联合运行，那么该风机的性能决定于它的特性曲线、其它压力源的特性和自身影响区域的阻力。在线翻译结果：Ventilation

24、 system, if a wind turbine is run separately, then the performance of the fan is determined by the resistance of its characteristic curve and mine; fan and other pressure source is the joint operation, the fan performance is determined by its characteristic curve, other pressure source characteristi

25、cs and impact resistance of the region.英语原文： The performance of a fan in a ventilating system is determined by its characteristic curve and the mine resistance if acting alone on the system, and by its characteristic curve, characteristic of other pressure sources, and the resistance of individual z

26、ones of influence if acting incombination with other pressure sources.错误分析： 在通风系统中不可以直译成ventilation system，而是应该译成in a ventilating system 在文中作定语。又比如说将矿井阻力翻译成mine，准确的翻译应该是mine resistance 。PART 2 英译汉首先打开浏览器，进入谷歌在线翻译。在页面左侧选择英文，右侧选择中文（简体）。复制想要翻译的文章并将其粘贴在图中左侧的空框中。单击翻译选项得出结果。例英语原文：The performance of a fan

27、in a ventilating system is determined by its characteristic curve and the mine resistance if acting alone on the system, and by its characteristic curve, characteristic of other pressure sources, and the resistance of individual zones of influence if acting in combination with other pressure sources

28、.在线翻译结果：风扇的通风系统的性能是由它的特性曲线和矿井阻力，如果单独行动的系统上，并通过其特性曲线，其他压力源的特点，和电阻的个人如果结合其他压力源区的影响。错误分析：我们明显可以看出这句话翻译的比较杂乱。我们可以从中读出大致的意思，但有的地方翻译的并不到位。如acting in combination 我们应翻译成联合运行，又比如说谷歌翻译给出的答案由于是逐个单词翻译出来的，这就学要我们对最终的结果进行整理。汉语原文：在通风系统中，如果一台风机单独运行，那么该风机的性能决定于它的特性曲线和矿井的阻力；如果风机和其它压力源联合运行，那么该风机的性能决定于它的特性曲线、其它压力源的特性和自身

29、影响区域的阻力。练习 1英语原文：The fan power-input varies directly as the fan speed cubed and directly as the air density (twice the volume requires eight times the power). The mechanical efficiency of the fan is independent of fan speed and air density.在线翻译结果：风扇的电源输入成正比的风扇转速的立方和为空气密度（体积的两倍，需要8倍的功率）。风扇的机械效率是独立的风扇

30、速度和空气密度。汉语原文： 风机输入功率和风机转速的立方成正比，与密度成正比（风量增大到两倍需要功率增大到八倍）。风机的机械效率与风机转速和风流密度无关。练习 2英语原文：The efficiency of the fan is power output divided by power input. The power input is the actual horsepower used to drive the fan rotor and equals the measured motor horsepower minus shaft or belt losses .在线翻译结果：风扇的

31、效率是输出功率除以输入功率。的电源输入是用来驱动风扇转子的实际马力等于测得的电机马力，减去轴或皮带损失。汉语原文：风机的效率指的是风机输出功率除以输入功率。(风机的)输入功率指的是用以启动风机转子所需的实际马力，它等于测定的电动机马力减去轴损失或皮带带动损失。有道词典的应用Unit 1 safety management system Words and PhraseAccident causation models 事故致因理论(模型）Safety management 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machine guarding 机械保护装置House-keep

32、ing 工作场所管理Top management 高层管理人员Human errors 人为失误Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型Munitions factory 军工厂Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Safety committee 安全委员会Shop-floor 生产区Unionized company 集团公司Seniority 资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Absenteeism rate 缺勤率Power relations 权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower-level ma

33、nagement 低层管理Unit 1 safety management system Words and PhraseLoss prevention 损失预防Process industry 制造业Hazard control 危险控制Intensive study 广泛研究Organizational performance企业绩效Causal factors 起因Risking taking 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Business performance 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层

34、Safety principle 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Implement plan 执行计划Hazard identification危险辨识Safety performance 安全性能重要句子翻译One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions invented, discovered, or deve

35、loped by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems”译文：Schein给出了组织文化的

36、综合性定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这种模式是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。由于以这种模式工作的有效性得到了认可，因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授给新成员，让他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题指外部适应与内部整合问题。重要句子翻译The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that de

37、termine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an organizations health and safety management. 译文：个人和群体的价值、态度、观念、能力和行为方式造就了组织的安全文化，决定了个人和团体对组织的健康和安全管理的责任、形式和效率。Unit 2 System Safety Engineering Words and PhraseSystem safety engineering 系统安全工程By-product附带产生的结果Engineering practice工程实践Safe

38、ty problem 安全问题Accelerating technology快速发展的技术Safety effort 安全投入Systems life cycle 系统的生命周期Logical reasoning 逻辑推理Potential accident 潜在事故Accident cause 事故原因Logical programming 合理的规划System hazard系统危害Safety input安全投入Inherently safe system 本质安全系统System effectiveness 系统有效性Unit 2 System Safety Engineering W

39、ords and PhraseConcept phase 初步计划阶段Safety criteria 安全标准Government regulations 政府管理办法（条例、规则）System operation系统运行System analysis系统分析System design系统设计Aid in有助于Equipment specifications 设备说明（规格）Incorrect interpretation 误解Hazardous material危险物质Work area layout工业区布局Educational solutions 教育方法/手段Training ses

40、sions培训会议Safety promotion programs 安全促进项目（计划）Administrative solutions 行政（管理）方法/手段Unit 2 System Safety Engineering Words and PhraseMaintenance plans 维护计划Safety problems 安全问题Development phase发展阶段Operation phase运行阶段Performance reviews绩效评估Disposal phase处理阶段Intuitive process直觉过程Make decisions做决定Hazard co

41、ntrol危险控制Protective apparel防护服Engineering solutions 工程方法/手段Protective devices保护装置Warning devices报警装置Schedule delays进度拖延重要句子翻译Hazard analysis is not an intuitive process. For an analysis to be meaningful, it must be logical, accurate, descriptive of the system, and based on valid assumptions. Its suc

42、cess largely depends on the skill and knowledge of those conducting the analysis. Anyone who has a thorough, working knowledge of both the system under consideration and the analysis technique to be used may perform a hazard analysis. In practice, the efforts of several persons with varying backgrou

43、nds are usually required to assure that meaningful and comprehensive hazard information is obtained.译文：危险分析过程不是凭直觉就能完成的。对于一个有意义的分析，必须在有效的假设基础上对系统进行合理的、准确的描述。它的成功主要取决于进行分析的人所具有的技能与知识。只要对被研究的系统和用于分析的技术有全面的了解，任何人都可以进行危险分析。在实践过程中，要想获得全面而有价值的危险信息，必须要一些具有不同知识背景的人共同努力才行。重要句子翻译System safety engineering is a

44、 relatively new approach to accident prevention. Its concepts and techniques have evolved from efforts to improve the safety of the complex technical systems that are common in todays society. It is based on the ideas that accidents result from a number of interacting causes within a system, and tha

45、t each cause and interaction can be logically identified, evaluated, and controlled. Through the logical application of scientific and management principles over the life cycle of a system, system safety engineering attempts to achieve an optimum degree of safety.译文：安全系统工程是一个相对较新的预防事故的方法，它的概念和技术是在改善

46、当今社会常见的复杂技术系统安全性的各种实践中，逐渐发展而来的。安全系统工程基于这样一个思想，即所有的事故都是系统内大量相互作用的原因造成的，而且，各种原因及相互作用都能被合理地辨识、评估和控制。通过在系统的生命周期内合理的应用科学管理原则，系统安全工程有望达到最佳的安全程度。HomeworkRead and understand the “translation skill” on 21. Translating practice based on the sentences on 21Translating the passage “Summary” on 20 into Chinese.

47、Unit 3 The ergonomics Process Words and Phraseergonomics process人机工程过程MSDs（Musculoskeletal disorders): injuries and illnesses of the safe tissue and nervous system that affect your bodys: Muscles, Nerves, Tendons(腱、经脉), Ligaments(韧带 ), Joints）由肌肉组织或神经系统引起的伤害或疾病Upper echelons上层、高层hourly employee钟点工Jo

48、b sites 工地Ergonomics committee人机工程委员会Medical management 医疗管理Musculoskeletal stressors 肌肉骨骼紧张性刺激Ergonomics input 人机工程投入Management commitment 管理承诺/行为Manufacturing engineers制造业工程师Unit 3 The ergonomics Process Words and PhraseActive and passive surveillance 主动和被动监督Job stressors工作压力源Follow-up后续工作Ergonomi

49、cs awareness 人机工程意识Follows through 实现，把进行到底Chain of command指挥链Hit list黑名单Plant manager 工厂经理Process engineer 生产工程师Human resource manager人力资源经理Safety manager 安全经理Sub-committee 分委员会Overseeing body 监督主体low back disorder 腰部疾病Unit 4 Hazard identification Words and PhraseHazard identification 危险识别Outcome 后

50、果Ongoing process 正在进行的过程Place on 重视Exposure limit 暴露极限Ventilation system通风系统Budgetary constraint预算约束Jobsite safety inspection 工作场所安全检查Accident investigation事故调查Labor management committee 劳动管理委员会Accident incidence 事故发生率Severity rate siveriti 严重事故率Industrial accident 工业事故Work procedure 工作/操作程序Walk-rou

51、nd inspection巡视Overexertion ,uvriz:n 用力过度Carpal tunnel syndrome sindrum 腕管综合症Extreme temperature 极限温度Worker-oriented 以人为本的Mitigate 减轻/缓和Abatement 降低/消除重要句子翻译You must assess the outcome of the hazard identification process and determine if immediate action is necessary or if, in fact, there is an act

52、ual hazard involved. When you do not view a reported hazard as an actual hazard, it is critical to the ongoing process to inform the worker that you do not view it as a true hazard and explain why. This will insure the continued cooperation of workers in hazard identification.你必须对危险辨识过程中得到的结果进行评估，并决

53、定在实际危险存在时是否需要立刻采取措施。当你没有把一个报告的危险当做一个实际存在的危险时，你必须在工作过程中告诉工人你没把这个被报告的危险当做一个真正的危险，并解释原因。这将确保工人们在危险识别过程中进行持续合作。重要句子翻译You must assess the outcome of the hazard identification process and determine if immediate action is necessary or if, in fact, there is an actual hazard involved. When you do not view a

54、reported hazard as an actual hazard, it is critical to the ongoing process to inform the worker that you do not view it as a true hazard and explain why. This will insure the continued cooperation of workers in hazard identification.你必须对危险辨识过程中得到的结果进行评估，确定是否存在真实的危险，并决定是否有必要立即采取行动。当你没有把一个报告的危险当做真实的危险

55、时，要通知工人，并解释原因，这对于正在进行的危险辨识过程非常重要。这将确保工人们在危险辨识过程中持续与你合作。重要句子翻译：This approach to hazard identification does not require that someone with special training conduct it. It can usually be accomplished by the use of a short fill-in-the-blank questionnaire. This hazard identification technique works well w

56、here management is open and genuinely concerned about the safety and health of its workforce. The most time-consuming portion of this process is analyzing the assessment and response regarding potential hazards identified. Empowering workers to identify hazards, make recommendations on abatement of

57、the hazards, and then suggest how management can respond to these potential hazards is essential.这种危险辨识的方法不需要经过特殊训练的人来执行。通常经过一个简短的问卷调查就能完成。在一些管理比较开放、真心关心工人安全和健康的地方，这种危险辨识方法能起到很好的作用。这个过程中最耗时的部分就是对辨识出来的潜在危险进行分析评估和反馈。赋予工人识别危险、对减小危险提出建议并提出如何对这些潜在的危险进行管理的权利是必须的。重要句子翻译：This approach to hazard identificati

58、on does not require that someone with special training conduct it. It can usually be accomplished by the use of a short fill-in-the-blank questionnaire. This hazard identification technique works well where management is open and genuinely concerned about the safety and health of its workforce. The

59、most time-consuming portion of this process is analyzing the assessment and response regarding potential hazards identified. Empowering workers to identify hazards, make recommendations on abatement of the hazards, and then suggest how management can respond to these potential hazards is essential.这

60、种危险辨识的方法不需要经过特殊训练的人来执行。通常经过一个简短的问卷调查就能完成。在一些管理比较开放、真心关心工人安全和健康的地方，这种危险辨识方法能起到很好的作用。这个过程中最耗时的部分就是分析对辨识出来的潜在危险作出评价和应答。重要的是赋予工人权利，让他们辨识危险，并对如何减小危险，如何从管理上对潜在的危险作出响应提出建议。Explaination of some termsStruck-againstStruck-by The phase ”struck by” means that something moves and strikes the worker abruptly with