2022职称英语考试理工类A级试题及答案新编

1、职称英语考试理工类A级试题及答案第l部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分) 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子背面所给旳4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近旳词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应旳位置上。 1 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth Atake outBbreak off Cpush in Ddig up 2 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September AplayBshow CsendDtell

2、3 This table is strong and durable Along-lastingBextensive Cfar-reachingDeternal 4 He endured great pain before he finally expired AfiredBresigned Cdied Dretreated 5 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror AsmilingBlaughing CshoutingDstaring 6 The index is the governments chiefgauge of future ec

3、onomic activity AmeasureBopinion Cmethod Ddecision 7 Its sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first AworkableBreasonable Cpossible Davailable 8 A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water AboiledBpolluted CmixedDsweetened 9 You have to be patient if you want to su

4、stain your position AmaintainBbetter CacquireDsupport 10 She stood there，trembling with fear AjumpingBcrying Cmoving Dshaking 11 Medical facilities are being upgraded AexpandedBrepaired CimprovedDtransferred 12 Rock climbing is hazardous AinterestingBdangerous CattractiveDuseful 13 John is eligible

5、for this job AacceptedBrecommended Crejected Drecommended 14 In order to improve our standard of living，we have to accelerate production AinvolveBdecrease Cspeed up Dgive up 15 Mary looked pale and weary AworriedBugly Csilly Dexhausted第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断。

6、 如果该句提供旳是对旳信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供旳是错误信息，请在 答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句旳信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。 MotherNatureShowsHerStrength Tornadoes(龙卷风)andheavythunderstormsmovedacrosstheGreatLakesandinto TrumbullCountyonSaturdayeveningThestormsweredramaticanddangerous GeorgeSnyderwasdrivingthefiretruckdownRoute88whenhefirstnotice

7、dthatafunnel (漏斗状旳)cloudwasbehindhim“IstoppedthetruckandwatchedthefunnelcloudItwas about100feetoffthegroundandIsawitgoupanddownforawhileItwasmovingtoward BradleyRoadandthensuddenlyitdisappeared”Snydersaid Snyderonlysawoneofthefunnelcloudsthatpassedthroughnortheastern0hioon SaturdayInTrumbullCounty，a

8、tornadoturnedtreesontotheirsidesSometreesfellonto housesandcarsOthertreesfellintotelephoneandelectricalwiresastheywentdown AmandaSymcheckwashavingapartywhenthestormbegan“Iknewsomethingwas wrong,”hesaid“Isawtheskygogreenandpink(粉红色)Thenitsoundedlikeatrain rushingtowardthehouseIstartedcryingandtoldeve

9、ryonetogotothebasementfor protection” Thetornadocauseda10tofdamagetocarsandhousesintheareaItwilltakealongtime andmuchmoneytorepaireverythingTherewasalsoseriouswaterdamagefromthe thunderstormsTheheavyrainsandhighwindcausedthepowertogooutinmanyhomes ThestormscausedseriousfloodinginareasneartheriverMor

10、ethanfourinchesofrainfell inpartsofTrumbullCountyTheriverwassohighthatthewaterranintostreetsandhouses ManystreetshadtobeclosedtoCarsandtrucksbecauseofthehighwaterThismadeitdifficult forfiretrucks，policeCars，andotherrescuevehiclestohelppeoplewhowereintrouble Manypeoplewholiveneartheriverhadtoleavethe

11、irhomesfortheirownsafetySome peoplereportedfivefeetofwaterintheirhomesLocalandstateofficialsopenedemergency sheltersforthepeoplewhowereevacuated(撤走)TheRedCrossservedmealstothem “Thiswasareallyintensestorm，”saidSnyder“PeoplewereafraidMotherNaturecanbe fierceWewereluckythistimeNoonewaskilled” 16Thewea

12、therwasniceinTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening ARightBWrongCNotmentioned 17GeorgeSnyderwasafirefighter ARightBWrongCNotmentioned 18AmandaSymcheckwashavingapartyinthebasementwhenthestormbegan. ARightBWrongCNotmentioned 19Powersupplysystemwasnotdamagedduringthestorm ARightBWrongCNotmentioned 20Therehadn

13、otbeensuchaseverestorminTrumbullCountyforahundredyears ARightBWrongCNotmentioned 21Rescuevehicleshadahardtimegettingtopeople ARightBWrongCNotmentioned 22Severalpeopleweremissingduringthestorm ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题规定从所给旳6个选项 中为第1-4段每段选择

14、1个对旳旳小标题；(2)第27,-30题规定从所给旳6个选项中选 择4个对旳选项，分别完毕每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应旳位置上。 EarthAngels 1JoyingBresciawas8yearsoldwhenshenoticedthatcigarettebutts(烟头)werelittering herhometownbeachinIsleofPalms，SouthCarolinaWhenshelearnedthatittakesfiveyears fortheremainsofacigarettetodisintegrate，shedecidedtotakeactionJoyin

15、glauncheda“No ButtsontheBeach”campaignSheraisedmoneyandawarenessabouttheneedtokeepthe beachesdeanWiththehelpofothersJoyingalsoboughtorreceiveddonationsofgallon-size plasticicecreambucketsThebucketswerefilledwithsand。andplacedata11public-access areasofthebeachThebucketsallowedpeopletodisposeoftheirci

16、garettesbeforehittingthe beachTwoyearslater。Joyingsaysthebucketsarefunandthebeachisnearlyfreeofcigarette debris(残片) 2Peoplewho1iveinorvisitSteamboatSprings，ColoradohaveCarterDunhamtothankfor anewstatewildliferefugethatpreserves20acresofmarshlandandmanyspeciesofwildlife Carterandotherstudentswroteama

17、nagementplanfortheareaaroundtheYampaRiverThe planwaspartofaclassprojectwhenCarterwasafreshmanatSteamboatSpringsHighSchoo1. WorkingwiththeColoradoDivisionofWildlifeCarterandhisclassmatesmappedtheareaand speciesofanimalslivingthereTheyalsomadedecisionsaboutamongotherthings。where fencesandparkingareass

18、houldbebuilt 3BarbaraBrownandherfriendscollectoilItstartedasaprojectfortheir4HClubafterone ofthegirlsnoticedherfatherusingmotoroiltokillweedsontheirfarminVictoria。TexasThey didsomeresearchanddiscoveredthatoilcancontaminategroundwater-arealdangerinrural areaswherepeopleliveoffthewaterontheir1andThegi

19、rlsresearchedwaystorecycleoiland workedwithalocaloil-recyclingcompanyontheissueNowthe“DontBeCrude”program runsoilcollectionsites-tanksthatholdupto460gallons-wherepeopleinthecommunitycan disposeoftheiroil 4Fiveyearsago11-year-oldRyanHreljacwasalittleboywithabigdream：forallthe peopleinAfricatohaveclea

20、ndrinkingwaterHisdreambeganinthefirstgradewhenhe 1earnedthatpeopleweredyingbecausetheydidnthavecleanwater，andthatas1ittleas$70 couldbuildawell“Wereallytakewaterforgranted，”saysRyan，ofKemptville，Ontario，in Canada“Inothercountriesyouhavetoplanforit”Ryanearnedthefirst$70bydoingextra chores(零工)，butwitht

21、hehelpofothers，hehassinceraisedhundredsofthousandsofdollars HiseffortsledtothestartoftheRyansWellFoundation，whichraisesmoneyforcleanwater andhealthrelatedservicesforpeopleinAfricancountriesanddevelopingcountries 23Paragraph1 24Paragraph2 25Paragraph3 26Paragraph4 AProvideCleanWater BDig0ilWells CSav

22、eCleanWater DDontLitter EDontBeCrude FProtectWildlife 27Joyingplacedthebucketsatallpublic-accessareasto 28PeoplearegratefultoCarterDunhamforhiseffortsto 29Disposedoilandmanyotheritemscanbereusedto 30Ryan，withthehelpofothers，isfulfillinghisdreamofhelpAfricanpeopleto第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文

23、，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题背面有4个选项。请根据文章旳内容， 从每题所给旳4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应旳位置上。 第一篇 TechnologyTransferinGermany Whenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchintoindustrialsuccessfewnationscanmatch GermanySincethe1940sthenationsvastindustrialbasehasbeenfedwithaconstantstream ofnewideasandexpertisefromscienceAndthoughGerman

24、prosperity(繁华)hasfaltered(衰 退1overthepastdecadebecauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastandwestaswellastheglobal economicdecline，itstillhasanenviable(令人羡慕旳)recordforturningideasintoprofit MuchofthereasonforthatsuccessistheFraunhoferSociety，anetworkofresearch institutesthatexistssolelytosolveindustrialprobl

25、emsandcreatesoughtaftertechnologiesBut todaytheFraunhoferinstituteshavecompetitionUniversitiesaretakinganeverlargerrolein technologytransfer，andtechnologyparksarespringingupalloverTheseeffortsarebeing complementedbythefederalprogrammesforpumpingmoneyintostart-upcompanies Suchastrategymaysoundlikeare

26、cipeforeconomicsuccessbutitisnotwithoutitscritics Thesepeopleworrythatfavouringappliedresearchwillmeanneglectingbasicscience， eventuallystarvingindustryoffleshideasIfeveryscientiststartsthinkinglikeanentrepreneur (公司家)，theargumentgoes，thenthetraditionalprinciplesofuniversityresearchbeing curiositydr

27、iven，fleeandwidelyavailablewillSufferOthersclaimthatmanyofthe programmestopromotetechnologytransferareawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmall businessesthatarepromotedareboundtogobankruptwithinafewyears milethisdebatecontinuesnewideasflowatasteadyratefromGermanysresearch networks，whichbearfamousnamessuchas

28、Helmholtz，MaxPlanckandLeibnizYetitisthe fourthnetwork，theFraunhoferSociety，thatplaysthegreatestroleintechnologytransfer Foundedin1949,theFraunhoferSocietyisnowEuropeslargestorganisationforapplied technology,andhas59institutesemploying12，000peopleItcontinuestogrowLastyear,it SwalloweduptheHeinrichHer

29、tzInstituteforCommunicationTechnologyinBerlinToday, thereareevenFraunhofersintheUSandAsia 31WhatfactorcanbeattributedtoGermanprosperity? ATechnologytransfer BGoodmanagement CHardwork DFiercecompetition 32WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftraditionaluniversityresearch? AItisfree BItisprofitdriven CItiswi

30、delyavailable DItiscuriositydriven 33TheFraunhoferSocietyisthelargestorganisationforappliedtechnologyin AAsia BUSA CEurope DAfrica 34WhenwastheFraunhoferSocietyfounded? AIn1940. BLastyear CAftertheunification DIn1949. 35Theword“expertiseinline3couldbebestreplacedby A“experts” B“scientists” C“scholar

31、s” D“specialknowledge”第二篇 SuperconductorCeramic(陶瓷) Anundergroundrevolutionbeginsthiswinterwiththeflip(轻击)ofaswitch，30，000 homesinonepartofDetroitwillsoonbecomethefirstinthecountrytoreceiveelectricity transmittedbyicecoldhighperformancecablesOtherAmericancitiesareexpectedtofollow Detroitsexampleinth

32、eyearsaheadwhichcouldconserveenormousamountsofpower ThenewelectricalcablesattheFrisbiepowerstationinDetroitarerevolutionarybecause theyaremadeofsuperconductorsAsuperconductorisamaterialthattransmitselectricitywith littleornoresistanceResistanceisthedegreetowhichasubstanceresistselectriccurrentAll co

33、mmonelectricalconductorshaveacertainamountofelectricalresistanceTheyconvertat leastsomeoftheelectricalenergypassingthroughthemintowasteheatSuperconductorsdont NooneunderstandshowsuperconductivityworksItjustdoes MakingsuperconductorsisnteasyAsuperconductormaterialhastobecooledtoan extremelylowtempera

34、tureto10seitsresistanceThefirstsuperconductors，mademorethan50 yearsago，hadtobecooledto一263degreesCelsiusbeforetheylosttheirresistanceNewer superconductingmaterials10setheirresistanceat一143degreesCelsius ThesuperconductorscableinstalledattheFrisbiestationismadeofaceramicmaterial thatcontainscopperoxy

35、genbismuth(铋)。strontium(锶)andcalcium(钙)Aceramicisa hardstrongcompoundmadefromclayormineralsThesuperconductingceramichasbeen fashionedintoatapethatiswrappedlengthwisearoundalongtubefilledwithliquidnitrogen Liquidnitrogenissupercoldandlowersthetemperatureoftheceramictapetothepointwhereit conveyselectr

36、icitywithzeroresistance TheUnitedStateslosesanenormousamountofelectricityeachyeartoresistance Becausecooledsuperconductorshavenoresistancetheywastemuchlesspower0thercities arewatchingtheFrisbieexperimentinthehopethattheymightswitchtosuperconductingcable andconservepowertoo 36Whatisthebenefitoftherev

37、olutionmentionedinthefirstparagraph? AWithaflipofswishelectricitycanbetransmitted BOtherAmericancitiescanbenefitfromthehighperformancecables CGreatamountsofpowercanbeconserved DDetroitwillfirstreceiveelectricitytransmittedbythenewelectricalcables 37Comparedtocommonelectricalconductors，superconductor

38、s Ahavelittleornoelectricalresistance BCanbeusedforalongtime Carenotenergy-efficient Dcanbemadeeasily 38Atwhattemperaturedoesthesuperconductingceramicloseitsresistance? A-143degreeCelsius B一263degreeCelsius CAslongasitisice-cold DAbsolutezero 39Whatelementenablestheceramictapetoloweritstemperature?

39、ACopper BLiquidnitrogen CClay DCalcium 40Accordingtothelastparagraph，whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue? AOthercitieshopetheyCanalsoconservepower BOthercitieshopetheyCanusesuperconductingcablessoon CSuperconductorswastelesspowerbecauseoftheirlowresistance DTheFribieexperimentisnotsuccessful第三篇 T

40、heScienceoftheFuture Untilrecently，the“scienceofthefuture”wassupposedtobeelectronicsandartificial intelligenceTodayitseemsmoreandmorelikelythatthenextgreatbreakthroughsin technologywillbebroughtthroughacombinationOfthosetwoscienceswithorganicchemistry andgeneticengineeringThiscombinationisthescience

41、ofbiotechnology Organicchemistryenablesustoproducemarveloussynthetic(合成旳)materialsHowever, itisstilldifficulttomanufactureanythingthathasthecapacityofwooltoconserveheatandalso tOabsorbmoistureNothingthatwehavebeenabletoproducesofarcomesanywherenearthe combinationofstrength1ightnessandflexibilitythat

42、wefindinthebodiesofordinaryinsects Neverthelessscientistsinthelaboratoryhavealreadysucceededin“growing”amaterial thathasmanyofthecharacteristicsofhumanskinThenextstepmaywellbe“biotechheartsand eyes”whichcanreplacediseasedorgansinhumanbeingsThesewillnotberejectedbythebody, asisthecasewithorgansfromhu

43、mans TheapplicationofbiotechnologytoenergyproductionseemsevenmorepromisingIn1996 thefamoussciencefictionwriter，ArthurCClarke，manyofwhosepreviouspredictionshave cometrue。saidthatwemaysoonbeabletodevelopremarkablycheapandrenewablesourcesof energySomeofthesepowersourceswillbebiologicalClarkeandothersha

44、vewarnedus repeatedlythatsoonerorlaterwewillhavetogiveupourdependenceonnon-renewablepower sourcesCoal，oilandgasareindeedconvenientHowever，usingthemalsomeanscreating dangerouslyhighlevelsofpollutionItwillbeimpossibletomeetthegrowingdemandfor energywithoutincreasingthatpollutiontocatastrophic(劫难性旳)lev

45、elsunlesswedevelop powersourcesthatarebothcheaperandcleaner Itisattemptingtothinkthatbiotechnologyorsomeother“scienceofthefuture”cansolve ourproblemsBeforewesurrendertothattemptationweshouldremembernuclearpowerOnlya fewgenerationsagoitseemedtopromiselimitless，cheapandsafeenergyTodaythosepromises 1ie

46、buriedinaconcretegraveinaplacecalledChernobyl，intheUkraineBiotechnologyis unlikelyhowever,tobreakitspromisesinquitethesameorsuchadangerousway 41Accordingtothepassage，thescienceofthefutureislikelytobe Aelectronics Bbiotechnology Cgeneticengineering Dnucleartechnology 42Organicchemistryhelpstoproducem

47、aterialsthatare Aasgoodasw001. Basgoodasaninsectsbody Cnotasgoodasnaturalmaterials Dbetterthannaturalmaterials 43Accordingtothepassage，itmaysoonbepossible Atomakesomethingasgoodashumanskin Btoproducedrugswithoutsideeffects Ctotransplanthumanorgans Dtomakeartificialheartsandeyes 44In1996.ArthurCClark

48、epredictedthat Abiologicalpowersourceswouldbeputintousesoon Boil，gasandcoalcouldberepeatedlyusedinthefuture Cdependenceonnonrenewablepowersourceswouldbereducedsoon DtheChernobyldisasterwouldhappenintwoyears 45Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph? ABiotechnologycansolveallourfutureenergyproblems BBiolog

49、icalpowerischeaperthannuclearpower CBiologicalpowermaynotbeasdangerousasnuclearpower DBiologicalpowerwillkeepallitspromises第5部分：补全短文(第4650题，每题2分，共10分) 阅读下面旳短文，文章中有5处空白，文章背面有6组文字，请根据文章旳内容选择 5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应旳位 置上。 WhyWouldTheyFalselyConfess? Whyonearthwouldaninnocentpersonfalselyc

50、onfesstocommittingacrime?Tomost people，itjustdoesntseemlogicalButitislogical，sayexperts。ifyouunderstandwhatcall happeninapoliceinterrogation(审讯)room Undertherightconditions，peoplesmindsaresusceptible(易受影响旳)toinfluence，and thepressureputonsuspectsduringpolicequestioningisenormous(46)“The pressureisim

51、portanttounderstand，becauseotherwiseitsimpossibletounderstandwhy someonewouldsayhedidsomethinghedidntdoTheansweris：toputallendtoan uncomfortablesituationthatwillcontinueuntilhedoesconfess DevelopmentalpsychologistMaryRedlichrecentlyconductedalaboratorystudyto determinehowlikelypeoplearetoconfesstoth

52、ingstheydidntdo.(47)the researchersthenintentionallycrashedthecomputersandaccusedtheparticipantsofhitting “alt”keytoseeiftheywouldsignastatementfalselytakingresponsibility Redlichsfindingsclearlydemonstratehoweasyitcanbetogetpeopletofalsely 59percentoftheyoungadultsintheexperimentimmediatelyconfesse

53、d.(48)Of the15-to16-year-olds，72percentsignedconfessions，as 13-year-olds “Theresnoquestionthatyoungpeoplearemoreatrisk，”saysSaulKassin，apsychology professoratWilliamsCollege，whohasdonesimilarstudieswithsimilar.(49) BothKassinandRedlichnotethattheentireinterrogation”intheirexperimentsconsisted ofasim

54、pleaccusation-nothoursofaggressivequestioning-andstill，mostparticipantsfalsely decision” (50)“Insomeways，”saysKassin，“falseconfessionbecomesarational AInherexperiment，participantswereseatedatcomputersandtoldnottohitthe“alt”key, becausedoingSowouldcrashthesystems BBecauseofthestressofapoliceinterroga

55、tion，theyconclude，suspectscanbecome convincedthatfalselyconfessingistheeasiestwayoutofabadsituation C“Itsalittlelikesomebodysworkingonthemwithadental(牙齿)drill,”saysFranklin Zimring，alawprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley D“Butthebaselineisthatadultsarehighlyvulnerabletoo” EThecourtfoundhi

56、minnocentandhewasreleased FRedlichalsofoundthattheyoungertheparticipant，themorelikelyafalseconfession第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分) 阅读下面旳短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文旳内容从 4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应旳位置上。 TheGreatestMysteryOfWhales Thewhaleisawarm-blooded，air-breathinganimal，givingbirthtoitsyoungalive，suckin

57、g them-and，likeallmammals，originatedonlandTherearemany frontflippers(鳍状肢)，usedforsteeringandstability,aretracesoffeet (51)ofthisIts Immensestrengthis(52)intothegreatbodyofthebigwhales，andinfactmost ofawhalesbodyisonegiganticmuscleThebluewhalespullingstrengthhasbeenestimated (53)400horsepowerOnespeci

58、menwasreportedtohavetowed(拖)awhaling vesselforsevenhoursatthe(54)ofeightknot(节). Anangrywhalewill(55)Afamousexampleofthiswasthefateof WhalerEssex,(56)wassunkoffthecoastofSouthAmericaearlyinthelastcentury Morerecently,steelshipshave(57)theirplatesbuckled(使弯曲)inthesameway Spermwhales(抹香鲸)wereknowntose

59、izetheold-timewhaleboatsintheirjawsandcrush Them. Thegreatest(58)ofwhalesistheirdivingabilityThespermwhaledivestothe Bottomforhis(59)food，theoctopus(章鱼)Inthatsearchheisknowntogoasfar Downas3,200feet,wherethe(60)is1,400pounds，toasquareinchDoingsohe Will(61)underwaterlongasonehourTwospecialskillsarein

60、volvedinthis storingupenough(62)(allwhalesareairbreathed)andtoleratingthegreatchange inpressureJusthowhedoesitscientistshavenot(63)Itisbelievedthatsomeof theoxygenisstoredinaspecial(64)ofbloodvessels，ratherthanjustheldinthe lungsAnditisbelievedthataspecialkindofoilinhisheadissomesortofcompensating m