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1、夏至Summer Solstice目录 TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc94604303 夏至Summer Solstice PAGEREF _Toc94604303 h 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604304 简介 PAGEREF _Toc94604304 h 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604305 Summer Solstice PAGEREF _Toc94604305 h 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604306 三候 PAGEREF _Toc94604306 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604307
2、 节气特点 PAGEREF _Toc94604307 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604308 The longest day of the year PAGEREF _Toc94604308 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604309 习俗与饮食 PAGEREF _Toc94604309 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604310 夏至的食物 PAGEREF _Toc94604310 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604311 Eating noodles PAGEREF _Toc94604311 h 3 HYPERLINK l _T
3、oc94604312 夏至的习俗 PAGEREF _Toc94604312 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604313 A public holiday in ancient times PAGEREF _Toc94604313 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604314 Seeing the sun turn around PAGEREF _Toc94604314 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604315 Dragon boat racing in Zhejiang PAGEREF _Toc94604315 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc
4、94604316 诗歌 PAGEREF _Toc94604316 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604317 夏九九歌 PAGEREF _Toc94604317 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604318 夏至避暑北池唐代韦应物 PAGEREF _Toc94604318 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604319 竹枝词唐朝刘禹锡 PAGEREF _Toc94604319 h 6 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604320 Summer Solstice idiom PAGEREF _Toc94604320 h 6简介中国民间把夏至后的15天分成
5、3“时”,一般头时3天,中时5天,末时7天。这期间我国大部分地区气温较高,日照充足,作物生长很快,生理和生态需水均较多。此时的降水对农业产量影响很大,有“夏至雨点值千金”之说。夏至节气一般在公历6月21日或22日。夏至为者,至有三义;一以阴阳气之至极,二以明阳气之始至,三以明日行之北至。故为至。月令七十二候集解关于夏至说:五月中,夏,假也,至,极也,万物于此皆假大而至极也。Summer SolsticeThe traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Summer Solstice, (Ch
6、inese: 夏至), the 10th solar term of the year, begins on June 21 this year and ends on July 6.At this time, much of the northern hemisphere receives the most hours of daylight, but it does not bring the hottest temperatures which will come only 20 to 30 days later.In China, the 24 solar terms were cre
7、ated thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. But the solar term culture is still useful today to guide peoples lives through eating special foods, performing cultural ceremonies and even healthy living tips that correspond with each solar term.三候中国古代将夏至分为三候:“一候鹿角解;二候蝉始鸣;三候半夏生。可见夏至一到
8、阴凉就不远了。节气特点夏至是北半球一年中白昼最长、黑夜最短的一天。夏至日那天,整个地球上除南极点和南极圈内的极夜地区外,所有地点的日出方向都是从东北方开始的,在西北方落下。“天文专家称,夏至是太阳的转折点,这天过后它将走“回头路”。夏至过后,太阳直射点逐渐向南移动,北半球白昼开始逐渐变短。对于北回归线及其以北的地区,夏至日过后,正午太阳高度也开始逐日降低。民间有“吃过夏至面,一天短一线”的说法,我国唐代诗人韦应物的夏至避暑北池也曾写到“昼晷已云极,宵漏自此长”。夏至这天虽然白昼最长,太阳角度最高,但并不是一年中天气最热的时候。因为,接近地表的热量,这时还在继续积蓄,并没有达到最多的时候。俗话说
9、“热在三伏”,真正的暑热天气是以夏至和立秋为基点计算的。大约在七月中旬到八月中旬,中国各地的气温均为最高,有些地区的最高气温可达40度左右。“不过夏至不热”,“夏至三庚数头伏”。夏至虽表示炎热的夏天已经到来,但还不是最热的时候,夏至后的一段时间内气温仍继续升高,大约再过二三十天,一般是最热的天气了。夏至以后地面受热强烈,空气对流旺盛,午后至傍晚常易形成雷阵雨。这种热雷雨骤来疾去,降雨范围小,人们称夏雨隔田坎。唐代诗人刘禹锡在南方,曾巧妙地借喻这种天气,写出东边日出西边雨,道是无晴却有晴的著名诗句。The longest day of the yearOn the Summer Solstice
10、 itself, daylight lasts the longest for the whole year in the northern hemisphere. After this day, daylight hours get shorter and shorter and temperatures become higher in the northern hemisphere.How long is the longest day in China? According to the expert Yan Jiarong, the entire day in Mohe in Hel
11、ongjiang province, located in the northernmost tip of China, lasts nearly 17 hours when you include dawn, twilight and its afterglow. Summer Solstice is the best season for viewing the aurora in Mohe, the sleepless town of China.习俗与饮食夏至的食物自古以来,夏至当天各地普遍要吃凉面条,俗称过水面,有“冬至饺子夏至面”的谚语。“吃了夏至狗,西风绕道走”,大意是人只要在夏
12、至日这天吃了狗肉,其身体就能抵抗西风恶雨的入侵,少感冒,身体好。正是基于这一良好愿望,成就了“夏至狗肉”这一独特的民间饮食文化。旧时,在浙江绍兴地区,人们不分贫富,夏至日皆祭其祖,俗称“做夏至”,除常规供品外,特加一盘蒲丝饼。而绍兴地区龙舟竞渡因气候故,明、清以来多不在端午节,而在夏至,此风俗至今尚存。馄饨,古人称其形“有如鸡卵,颇似天地浑沌之象”,而“馄饨”又与“浑沌”谐音。盘古开天,浑沌初分,吃了馄饨可得聪明。“夏至吃馄饨,热天不疰夏。”夏至吃馄饨则又包含一种祈求平安度夏的良好愿望。Eating noodlesThere is a saying in Shandong province w
13、hich goes, eat dumplings on the Winter Solstice and eat noodles on Summer Solstice. People in different areas of Shandong province eat chilled noodles on this day. Other people around China, including those in Beijing, also have a tradition of eating noodles.夏至的习俗夏至,古时又称“夏节”、“夏至节”。古时夏至日,人们通过祭神以祈求灾消年
14、丰。周礼春官载:“以夏日至,致地方物魈。”周代夏至祭神,意为清除疫疠、荒年与饥饿死亡。史记封禅书记载:“夏至日,祭地,皆用乐舞。”夏至作为古代节日,宋朝在夏至之日始,百官放假三天,辽代则是“夏至日谓之朝节,妇女进彩扇,以粉脂囊相赠遗”(辽史),清朝又是“夏至日为交时,日头时、二时、末时,谓之三时,居人慎起居、禁诅咒、戒剃头,多所忌讳”(清嘉录)。A public holiday in ancient timesSummer Solstice was an important festival in ancient China. As early as the Han Dynasty (260B
15、C-220), when the Mid-autumn Festival and the Double Ninth Festival were not as important as they are today, the Summer Solstice was already celebrated.Before the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), people even had a one-day holiday on Summer Solstice. According to Song Dynasty (960-1279) records, officials co
16、uld have three days off during the Summer Solstice.To celebrate Summer Solstice, women gave colored fans and sachets to each other. Fans could help them cool down and the sachets could drive away mosquitoes and make them smell sweet.Seeing the sun turn aroundHani autonomous county of Mojiang, Southw
17、est Chinas Yunnan province is located on the northern tropic. Every year on the Summer Solstice, the sun sits directly over the Tropic of Cancer and returns from north to south. Then, the amazing phenomenon known as upright pole with no shadows occurs.The Hani people revere the sun and have always h
18、ad a close bond with it. They welcome the turn-around of the sun and offer sacrifices to it.Dragon boat racing in ZhejiangDue to the local climate, Dragon boat races have been held on the Summer Solstice day in Shaoxing, Zhejiang province rather than on Dragon Boat Festival since the Ming (1368-1644
19、) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties. This tradition is still in practice today, with all the attendant excitement.诗歌夏九九歌我国农历中“九”是习惯用的杂节,有“冬九九”和“夏九九”。其中“冬九九”流传较广,它是以冬至那一天为起点,每九天为一个九,每年九个九共八十一天。三九、四九是全年最寒冷的季节。“夏九九”是以夏至那一天为起点,每九天为一个九,每年九个九共八十一天。同样,三九、四九是全年最炎热的季节。它与“冬九九”形成鲜明的对照,遗憾的是它不广为流传,其实“夏九九”确实生动形象地反映日期与物候的关系。夏至避暑北池唐代韦应物昼晷已云极, 宵漏自此长。未及施政教, 所忧变炎凉。公门日多暇, 是月农稍忙。高居念田里, 苦热安可当。亭午息群物, 独游爱方塘。门闭阴寂寂, 城高树苍苍。绿筠尚含粉, 圆荷始散芳。于焉洒烦抱, 可以对华觞。竹枝词唐朝刘禹锡杨柳青青江水平,闻郎岸上踏歌声。 东边日出西边雨,道是无晴却有晴。Summer Solstice idiomI
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