人教版(新教材)高中英语选修1Unit5 Working the Land学案1：Grammar

1、Grammar一、概念主语从句：在复合句中作主语的从句。例如：That she was chosen made us very happy.她中选了使我们很高兴。What caused the accident is a complete mystery.是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一 个谜。Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否来还是一个问题。Which team will win the match is still unknown.哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道。Whoever conies to the party wil

2、l receive a present.参加聚会的每一个人都将收到一份 礼物。When they will start has not been decided yet.他们何时出发还没决定。注意：上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子结构平衡，防止“头重 脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，而把从句放在后面。例如：It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.她犯了 这样一个错误，真是遗憾。It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.他们是否今天去贝勾 物还得

3、看天气情况。二、常用句型It is + adj. / n, + 从句It is a pity/shame that.遗憾的是It is possible that.很可能It is unlikely that.不可能It+不及物动词+从句It seems/appears that. 似乎It happened that. 碰巧It + be +过去分词+从句It is said that. 据说It is known to all that.众所周知It is reported that.据报道It is believed that.据信；人们相信It is suggested that. 有

4、人建议It must be pointed out that.必须指 出It has been proved that. 已证明例如：It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.据信，至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.有人建议会议延期召开。Its reported that three people were killed in the accident and five were h

5、urt badly.据报道，事故中三人丧生，五人重伤。It is known to all that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.众所周知，台湾是中国不可分割的一局部。三、引导词.引导词that和whatwhat在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。常译成”所的(东西、事情、话等.)”；that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不担当任何句子成分,但that引导的主 语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。例如：What is done cant be undone.(谚语)已成定局，无可挽回。What we cant get seems

6、 better than what we have.我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到 的要好。That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important.我们应该制定一项计划来应付目前严峻的形势，这一点非常重要。That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true. 一位新老师将来教我们地 理，这是真的。.引导词if和whetherif和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时一般可通用，但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句(放 在句

7、首时)、表语从句常由whether引导。例如:Whether she will go home or not is unknown.她是否回家还不得而知。Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.我们是养鸭还是养鹅仍 没决定。=It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese.但我们不能说 If we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.连接代词和连接副词连接代词who, w

8、hich, whom, whose有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当语、 宾语、表语、定语等；连接副词when, where, why, how等有各自的意义，起连接作用，并 在从句中充当状语。It is clear who is afraid of having a change in land ownership.It is not yet decided which cash crop will be produced next year.When well start tomorrow will be told soon.Where we can buy oxen is some

9、thing we need to find out.四、以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别It be + adj./n. + that从句与强调句型均有It be. that.之类的语言标志，但不同的是：前者中的that从句是主语从句。假设删掉其中的It be和that,那么剩余局部不管结构还是 语意都不能成为一个句子；但假设将后者中的It be和that去掉，那么剩余局部的结构和语意仍 能构成一个完整的句子。It is surprising that Mary should have won first place.令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了 第一名。It is Mary that

10、has won first place.正是玛莉得了第一名。第一句话中的It是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。句中的It is和that无法删除，一 旦删除句子就不成立。第二句是强调句型，其中的It is和that可以去掉，因为没有It is和that句子仍然很通 顺。五、习题Does matter if he cant finish the job on time?A. thisB. thatC. heD. itIt worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.A. whichB.thatC.ifD.for.is a fact that Eng

11、lish is being accepted as an international language.A. ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It. It matters little a man dies, but matters much is he lives.A. how; what; howB.how; it;howC.why; it; whyD.that;what; that5.she couldnt understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest inher lessons.A. What; whyB. That; what C. What; because D. Why; thatIt is pretty well understood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out theatmosphere today.A. t