医学英语翻译与写作：Lecture 5 Basic Translation Methods

1、Lecture 5 Basic Translation Methods Some basic translation methodsConversion of parts of speechConversion of sentence elementsAdditionOmissionRepetitionAddition and subtraction of the sentence number Conversion of parts of speech A. to be converted into Chinese Verbs In arriving at a correct diagnos

2、is one must be familiar with the patients past illness, as well as his present complaints.为了做出正确的诊断，医生不仅要熟悉 患者目前的病况，而且要熟悉其既往史。snail Conversion of parts of speechThe preventive measures include elimination of snails, control of excreta, provision of safe water supplies, and proper and prompt treatmen

3、t of the patients and cattle.预防措施包括：消灭钉螺、控制排泄物、 提供安全的水源和及时有效地治疗患者 及病畜。 Conversion of parts of speechThe prevention of sudden cardiac death by long-term administration of antiarrhythmic drugs is based on sound physiological principles. 通过长期服用抗心律失常药物来预防心源性 猝死是以可靠的生理学原理为依据的。 Conversion of parts of spee

4、chIngestion of asbestos（石棉）in food or in drinking water could also be a causative factor for gastrointestinal cancer.摄入食物或饮水中的石棉也可能是导致 胃肠癌的一个原因。 Conversion of parts of speechB. To be converted into Chinese nounsThe evalauation of lung radiolucency in the radiography is highly subjective. 评价X射线照片上的肺透

5、过性具有很大的 主观性。 Conversion of parts of speechEndocrinology is defined as the study of the ductless or endocrine glands and their internal secretion. 内分泌学可被定义为研究无导管腺体或 内分泌腺体及其内分泌液的科学。 Conversion of parts of speechIt is well known that water-soluble vitamins act differently from fat-soluble vitamins.众所周知

6、，水溶性维生素的作用不同于 脂溶性维生素。 Conversion of parts of speechC. to be converted into Chinese adjectives.The persistence of the infection usually implies structural damage to the bronchi, possibly with bronchiectasis and seriously impaired bronchial clearance.感染持续往往说明支气管在结构上有所损伤， 可能伴有支气管扩张及支气管排痰功能的严 重损害。 Conve

7、rsion of parts of speechA numerical index proposed as an aid to the clinical diagnosis showed a correlation with laboratory findings in the patients.被提出用以辅助临床诊断的这项数字指标与 患者的化验结果是相关的。Conversion of parts of speechSuccessful experiments in immunology have proved a great hope in the further application a

8、s a powerful therapeutic and diagnostic weapon.免疫学方面成功的实验已证实，进一步将其作为一种治疗和诊断的有效手段是十分有希望的。Conversion of parts of speechIt is important that we take daily exercise to build up our health. 我们每天锻炼身体以增进机体健康是很重要的。The doctor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to chat with the patient. 医生有礼貌地

9、与病人闲谈，赢得了他们的一些 好感。 Conversion of parts of speech D. To be converted into Chinese adverbs The prolonged use of systemic antibiotics in acne may result in a distinctive syndrome that is exceptionally difficult to deal with.长期全身性使用抗生素治疗痤疮可导致一种 特殊的格外难于治愈的综合征。 Conversion of parts of speechD. To be conver

10、ted into Chinese adverbs The infarct produces immediate ischemia or loss of blood supply with consequent anoxia.这些梗塞可立即导致局部缺血，或失去血液 供应而引起缺氧。 Conversion of sentence elementsCough and expectoration are frequent complaints in patients with cardiac failure。心衰患者常诉其咳嗽和咯痰。Influenza is characterized in the

11、typical form by sudden onset, fever, pains in the back and limbs, sore throat and bronchitis.流感的典型特征是突然发病、发热、背部和四肢疼痛、喉痛和支气管炎。 Conversion of sentence elementsThe method of making cultures of tissues gives the possibility to observe the formation and development of the living cells.如果采用组织培养的方法，（人们）就有可

12、能观察活细胞的形成和发展。因为采用了组织培养的方法，所以人们才有可能观察到活细胞的形成和发展。 AdditionSome diseases are communicated from man to man only; some, from animal to man; some, from man to animal and from animal back to man; and some, from animal to animal only.有些疾病只在人与人之间传播，有些疾病是从动物传播到人，有些疾病则从人传播到动物，又从动物传播回到人，而有些疾病则仅在动物之间传播。AdditionA

13、lthough the importance of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and minerals has been widely recognized, man cannot live upon a mixture of these alone. In addition to these there must be included in the diet substances called vitamin. 尽管蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪和矿物质的重要性已广为人知，但是人类不能仅仅以它们为生，除此之外，日常饮食中还应包括维生素这类物质。AdditionThe patients trachea should be opened as soon as possible and