口译教程基础词汇

1、口译教程 基础篇 Education“培养”（人才）怎么译？“培养”可译做train, turn out或 produce,如：turn out large numbers of skilled workershave trained.assistant and middle level techniciansthe college produces very good interpreters.有时“培养”也译做foster, 如：to foster activists培养积极分子2. “工作单位”怎么译？我国出版的英文报刊常把“工作单位”译作“work unit”， unit 一词在英语中

2、经常用不 指“部队”；翻译时如能用具体的词，如school, factory,hospital, company等可能更明白易懂。若指为特殊目的成立的机构（如医院，学校，公司等），也可考虑用institution一词代替。原工作单位也可译作theinstitution at which one used to gram一词的意思program有 syllabus（课程提纲）或curriculum（一个学校，专业，或学科的全部课程）的意思，如今也用来表示学校开设的“专业”，如： Wehave a MAprogram in literature/an intercultural

3、 communication program，或学校所设的“（训练）部”，如：the un language trainingprogram ；Mr. Lin is incharge of the Chinese program in our university.补充一些有关教育的词汇：project hope希望工程the credit system学分制a double BA degree system双学士制students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers定向招生key university重点大学cent

4、er for post-doctoral studies博士后科研流动站specialty 专业college/university of science and engineering理工科大学normal university； teachers university师范大学polytechnic university工业大学agricultural university农业大学medical university医科大学institute of traditional Chinese medicine中医学院Sports创记录e.g. had broken or chalked up 4

5、95 world records.也可以说：produce a total of 495 world records.set(up)/create/establish/make a new record.刷新记录rewrite/renew/better/improve the world/ones own record其它e.g. equal/match a recordreach a recordhold/keep the record for.得冠军，得奖牌的表达方法e.g. had won 582 world championships也可以说：gain world titles/cha

6、mpionshipstake/capture 6 titles out of a possible 7sweep all the 7 titleswrest the championship from.体育运动中的“实力”，“强项”怎么译？“实力”可译作“ strength ”或“ power ”，如：Chinese athletes showed their traditional strength in some trackand field events.“实力”也可能形容词“powerful ”或“ strong ”表达，如：Chinese women basketball playe

7、rs are very powerful/strong.“强项”可译作“strong game/sport”。“黑马”为什么是“ dark ”horse ？“黑马”是“ dark ”而不是“ black ”horse 这里 dark 的含义是“不清楚”，“不明朗”，表示对于某人“知道甚少”的意思。Economy and Reform1.reform一词的搭配法reform 可以和以下动词连用： accomplish/effect/initiate/make/start reforms bring about reformscarry a reform into effectadvocate/p

8、ropose/urge reforms“深化改革”在我国出版的英语报刊上常译成做及物动词时常与 knowledge, understanding “深化”就是“进一步”的意思，可译成：intensify the rural reformfurther carry out reformsdeepen reform. 一般说 deepen 一类词连用。“深化改革”中的as the reform further develops/is carried forward/is pushed forward“改革开放”的表达法“改革开放”可译成the policy of reform and openin

9、g up或 the reform andthe open policy 。切不可与 the open-door policy （“门户开放”政策）混淆。“进一步开放”或“门要开得更大”可译成 reform and opening up went onestep further ； further reform and opening up 。“加快改革开放的步伐”可译成 accelerate the pace of reform and opening up 。“坚持”怎么译？“坚持”可以译作adhere to,persevere in,persistin,hold on to,stickto

10、, keep to等，如：adherenceto the socialistroad,to communist partyleadership,to thepeoples democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zetongthought.adhering to a coordinated and balanced program of development.persevere in the pursuit of 1 central task and 2 basic pointspersisting in reform

11、and opening uphold on to socialismstick to this attitudekeep to the socialist orientationadhereto的意识是“坚持维护，支持”，“信仰坚定”，“忠于”，如：“坚持党的基本路线”可译作adhere to the partys basic line，“坚持无产阶级国际主义”可译作adhere to proletarian internationalism。persevere in和 persist in一般用于行动，都有“在困难或遭到反对的情况下继续”的意思；但 persevere in带褒义，表示“不屈

12、不挠”，而 persistin带贬义，表示“顽固，不听开导”，如：perseverance means success.persevere in ones studies/armed strugglepersist in ones errors/asking insulting questionshold one to的意思是“抓住不放”，用于beliefs, ideas, principles时表示“坚持信仰”，即使他人影响或情况使人产生怀疑，也不改变或放弃，如：hold on to ones viewsstickto的意思是“粘住，不离”；和choice,decision,principl

13、e,belief等词连用时，也有“不变，不放弃”，“坚持”的意思。 keep to 有“不离”，“不违背”，“遵守”的意思，如： keep to the main roadkeep to prearranged plankeep to用于 decision ，belief， rules时有“坚持”的意思。此外，“坚持”也可译作 insist on, keep up, uphold等。insist on多用于意见，主张，表示“硬要”，“坚决要求”，如：we insist on an interview before we accept any ma candidate.she insisted

14、on her innocence.he insisted on going innocence.keep up的意思是“继续”，如：keep up ones studies/piano practice/the attack/the good workuphold 的意思是“支持”，赞同“，可和law, principle, system, practice 连用，表示“坚持”。“我们党坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的世界观”可译作ourparty upholds dialectical materialism and historical materialism as its world o

15、utlook.工业“达到”怎么译？“达到”可用 reach 或 amount to ，但 amount to 表示几个部分相加后得到的总和，和 add up to ，total， number 的意思一样。2.operation一词的意思operation有“运转”，“操作”， “工作”等意思， 因此工厂“投入生产”，铁路“开始通车”，公司“开始营业”等都可能go into/step into/beginoperation(s) ，如：the factory went into operation in1992.operation还有“经营”的意思，“经营机制”是operation mecha

16、nism，“经营自主”是 autonomy in operat ion. “扩大生产 / 经营”可用 expand operation表达，如：The enterprise expanded its operation into an iron and steel complex.3.capacity一词的意思capacity表示最大生产量，容量或运载量，如：annual production capacityfreighters with a total capacity of 100，000 tonscapacity也表示人的“能力”，“才干”，“本领”，如：not working to

17、capacity意思是“本领没有使出来”，“才干没有完全发挥”。同义词、近义词辨析：1）factory, plant, works, mill, complexfactory, plant, works, mill都是工厂.等：factory 泛指一般工厂，如food factory, tractor factoryplant 多指电器业或机械制造业，一般用于以下工厂：water power plant, machine-building plant, chemical plant 。 works 多用于钢铁等重工业，如 iron and steel works, gas works, cem

18、ent works 。mill原意是“磨坊”，现泛指“工厂”，多用于轻工业，尤其是纺织工业，如：cotton/textile/silk/woolen mill, lumber/saw mill, steel mill, heavy steel rolling millcomplex 指“联合企业”，如 chemical complex, iron and steel complex, building complex 。在现代报刊中， 以上用法大都依照习惯， 有时没有明确界限或区别。 值得注意的是有些词专指特殊的工厂，如 smeltery 冶炼厂、 foundry 铸造厂、 tannery 制

19、革厂。2) equipment, facility:equipment和 facility都可译作“设备”，“器材”，但equipment是不可熟名词，指用于某一特殊目的的东西，供给品，装备等。如：a completer of equipmentan important piece of equipmentbasic kitchen equipmentstereo equipmentfacility 是可数名词，常用复数形式。 facilities 指为一特殊活动或目的所提供的种种便利，包括设备、建筑物和服务等等。如：production facilitiesfacilities for st

20、udyfacilities for travelsports facilities2008 年，奥运会将在北京举行。作为中国人，我们都想对奥运会有一个更全面的了解，尤其是怎么用英语表达， 我想通过一些常用的术语以及句子来增强对它的了解。首先，我们来了解常用的术语：奥运会 OlympicGames奥运会选拔赛Olympictrial国际奥委会 InternationalOlympicCommittee奥运会会歌 OlympicAnthem奥运火炬 Olympictorch奥运会代表团Olympicdelegation奥运村 Olympicvillage组委会 organizationcommit

21、tee开幕式openingceremony闭幕式closingceremony吉祥物 mascot颁奖台 podium 其次，我们通过一些句子来增强对奥运会的了解。TheinternationalOlympicCommitteeconstituteditselfon23rdJune1894.国际奥委会于1894年 6 月23 日成立。ThetheOlympic unionsymbol, of thethefivefive interlocking continents and therings,representsmeetingoftheathletesoftheworldattheOlymp

22、icGames 奥.林匹克的标志是五个相连的圆环，它代表着五大洲的团结和全世界运动员在奥运会上相聚一堂。TheofficiallanguagesoftheIOC areFrenchand English.国际奥委会的官方语言是法语和英语。TheOlympicflameisa symbolreminiscentoftheancientOlympicGames奥.运圣火是人们缅怀古代奥运会的象征。TheOlympicGames consistoftheGames oftheOlympiadandtheOlympicWinterGames.Bothtakeplaceeveryfouryears.奥运

23、会包括夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会，它们都是每四年举办一次。TheOlympicGames shallbe proclaimedopenbytheHeadofStateofthehostcountry.奥运会由东道国国家元首宣布开幕。Thedelegationparadeinalphabeticalorderaccordingtothelanguageofthehostcountry,exceptforGreece,whichleadstheparade,andforthehostcountrywhichbringsuptherear.代表团按东道国语言文字的字母顺序入场。希腊和东道国例外，希腊代表

24、团第一个入场，东道国代表团最后一个入场。笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start.不眠之夜 white night不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do ones best不打不成交 No discord, no concord.拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul大开眼界 open ones eyes; broaden ones horizon; be an eye-opener国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace功夫不负

25、有心人Everything comes to him who waits.好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more和气生财 Harmony brings wealth活到老，学到老One is never too old to learn.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones金无足赤 , 人无完人 Gold cant be pure and man cant be perfect.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home脚踏实地 be down-to-earth脚踩两只船 sit on the fence老生常谈，陈词滥调

26、cut and dried, clich礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧Where there is life, there is hope.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself.拿手好戏 masterpiece赔了夫人又折兵throw good mo

27、ney after bad抢得先机 take the preemptive opportunities强强联手 win-win co-operation瑞雪兆丰年 A timely snow promises a good harvest.人之初 , 性本善 Mans nature at birth is good.人逢喜事精神爽Joy puts heart into a man.人海战术 huge-crowd strategy世上无难事，只要肯攀登Where there is a will, there is a way.世外桃源 a fictitious land of peace awa

28、y from the turmoil of the world;死而后已 until my heart stops beating岁岁平安 Peace all year round塞翁失马，焉知非福Misfortune may be an actual blessing.升级换代 updating and upgrading (of products)四十不惑 Life begins at forty.水涨船高 When the river rises, the boat floats high.时不我待 Time and tide wait for no man.杀鸡用牛刀 break a

29、butterfly on the wheel说曹操 , 曹操到 Talk of the devil and he comes.实话实说 speak the plain truth; call a spade a spade; tell it as it is实践是检验真理的唯一标准 Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.糖衣炮弹 sugar-coated bullets天有不测风云Anything unexpected may happen. a bolt from the blue团结就是力量Unity is strength.歪风

30、邪气 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena物以类聚，人以群分 Birds of a feather flock together.望子成龙 hold high hopes for ones child屋漏又逢连阴雨Misfortunes never come singly. When it rains it pours.文韬武略 military expertise; military strategy唯利是图 draw water to ones mill无源之水 , 无本之木 water without a source, and a tree wiithout roots无中生有 make/create something out of nothing徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relati