商丘市重点中学2021-2022学年高三下学期第一次联考英语试卷含答案

1、2021-2022高考英语模拟试卷考生须知：1全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。2请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。3保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1Guangdong province rolled out new guidelines, _ offensive nicknames and online violence as school bullying.Adef

2、iningBdefinedCto defineDhaving defined2Yumin, the late famous physicist, often encouraged his students to _ what they believed in, even when facing strong opposition.Acome up withBtake charge ofCput up withDstand up for3Tony, do remember to send the report to the sales manager!_.AMade itBGot itCHear

3、d itDFollowed it4We are living in an age_ QR codes(二维码)are becoming more and more popular in our daily life.AwhyBthatCwhoseDwhen5These diagrams are especially helpful when we have a concrete problem _ at hand.Abe solved Bto solve Csolved Dbeing solved6Chinas Change 4 robotic probe entered lunar orbi

4、t on Wednesday, _ a major step in its mission to make a soft landing on the moons far side.AmarkingBto markChaving markedDmarked7Professor Li is wanted on the phone. Where is he? I saw him coming, but in a minute, he _.Awill disappearBhas disappearedCdisappearsDdisappeared8I shook hands and _ greeti

5、ngs with the manager, who I impressed a lot.Aconveyed Bswapped Cexchanged Dswitched9 Excuse me, where can I get my car filled up? There are gas stations at_end of the blockAbothBneitherCeitherDall10One of the true tests of leadership is the ability to recognize a problem _ it becomes an emergency.Aw

6、henBbeforeCafterDunless11In order to finish the work time,the man in charge decided to some more workers.Agive upBtake onClook afterDfind out12_ is willing to volunteer in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is welcome to join us.AWhatever BWhoeverCWhenever DWherever13Tourists love Beijing, offers an i

7、nfinite collection of delights ranging from 6 UNESCO World Heritage Sites to food from every corner of China and beyond.AthatBwhereCwhichDwho14_ anyone phone during the board meeting, please tell them I am busy.AShouldBWillCMayDCan15Playing with the foreign visitors, my cousin is beginning to severa

8、l different languages.Apick up Bpick outCturn up Dshow out16It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I it?Ahad doneBhave doneCdidDam doing17Yet _ in the process of development did they stop to consider the impact of their “progress” on nature.Ain no time Bat no pointCas like

9、ly as not Dmore often than not18 Mom, can you give me an extra 200 yuan a month? Son, we have just bought a house, and from now on we need to practise strict .Aeconomy Bmedicine Cself-control Dpatience19To apply for a short-term study visa in the UK, I have to be able to speak some English, but I wa

10、nt to go there just to learn English.Oh, its really_.Aa confidential sourceBa catch-22 situationCa Pandoras boxDa Herculean task20By doing so, you can _ more information and details about the topic, and better understand it.Akeep up withBdo away withChave access toDget down to第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，

11、从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分） People often feel anonymous (匿名) on the Internet. They believe their browsing behaviors and what they buy or write can be private as they want. In fact, thats far from true, a new study finds.Websites usually offer a statement that describes what they may or may not

12、do with data about a users activities. You might be attracted to read through that entire document. But be prepared for disappointment. These documents tend to list only a small part of the websites which are allowed to have access to your data. Therefore, its impossible for users to make informed j

13、udgments about how private their online activities are.The new research explored the disclosure on data-sharing by 200, 000 websites. These included the Arkansas state government homepage and the Country Music site. The study analyzed how these sites shared data with third parties. Such recipients o

14、f your data could be advertisers or companies that make money by selling personal data. The study also examined how those sites had described their policy for protecting the data privacy.Timothy Libert, who works at Oxford University, studies data privacy. For this analysis, he used a software tool

15、called webXray. It tracked 1.8 million data shared by each of those websites with third-party data collectors. Only 14.8% of those data went to third parties that were named in the sites privacy policies.Data that were transferred to widely familiar third partiesGoogle, Facebook and Twitterwere more

16、 likely to be leaked than those were transferred to unknown parties. Libert found that 38.3% of data sent to Google had been leaked.Even if a website listed all of the third parties it shared your data with, users still might never learn how widely their data had been shared. Why? Third parties that

17、 receive data can later share those data again. Think of your data now being transmitted to anonymous fourth and fifth parties. Getting online is “sort of like throwing beans in the air,” Libert concludes. “Theres no way to know where your data end up.”1、What aspect of the websites statements will d

18、isappoint people?AThe length of the documents.BThe reliability of the information.CThe readability of the contents.DThe accuracy of the language.2、What does the underlined word “disclosure” in paragraph 3 probably mean?AReveal.BMoney.CDisappointment.DAdvertisement.3、What did Libert find in his study

19、?AMore than a quarter of data-sharing went to unnamed third parties.BThe data on the Internet is always kept secret by third parties.CWidely familiar third parties could collect users data more difficultly.DWidely familiar third parties were more likely to leak out users online data.4、What is the be

20、st title for the text?AFamous websites are no longer safeBPrivate data can no longer be privateCData-sharing is becoming very unpopularDLarge companies make money by selling personal data22（8分） Wood has many great characteristics that make it the perfect building material.It is cheap，durable，easily

21、available，and most importantly，environmentally sustainable.The one thing it is not，is transparent! Now thanks to a team of scientists at Stockholms KTH Royal Institute of Technology the material may even be able to add that feature to its already impressive list.Lead researcher Dr，Lars Berglund said

22、 he was inspired to create the transparent wood after learning how Japanese researchers had developed a see-through paper for use in flexible display screens for electronic devices.The team began by pulling out the woods lignin(木质素).The lignin-free wood was then dipped into a polymer(聚合物)and baked a

23、t a temperature of 158F for four hours.The result was a hybrid product that was not only stronger and lighter than the original wood but also，almost transparent.The researchers were able to adjust the level of transparency by varying the amount of the polymer injected and also by changing the thickn

24、ess of the wood.While scientists have previously created a see-through wood for small-scale applications like computer chips，the transparent wood is the first one being considered for large scale applications.The researchers，who revealed their findings in Biomacromolecules on April 11，picture using

25、the transparent wood in buildings to allow for more natural light，or to create windows that let in the desired amount of light without sacrificing privacy.Wood that allows light to pass through could lead to a brighter future for homes and buildings.Berglund also thinks the wood could play a signifi

26、cant role in the design of solar panels.The semitransparent material would be able to keep light longer and give it more time to interact with the conductor，thus resulting in better solar efficiency.Additionally，substituting the currently used glass with this new product would help solar energy manu

27、facturers improve their carbon footprint and lower the cost.They are now experimenting with ways to scale up the manufacturing process so that the transparent material is cost-effective to make and easy to use.1、What does the underlined part“that feature”in Paragraph 1 refer to?ACheap. BDurable. CSu

28、stainable. DTransparent.2、Which of the following correctly shows the process in which the transparent wood is made?Dip the wood into a polymer. Adjust the amount of the polymer.Make the wood lignin-free. Bake the wood for some time.A BC D3、Which of the following is true according to the text?ABerglu

29、nd got the idea of transparent wood while making paper.BVarying the amount of the polymer changes the woods hardness.CThe transparent wood would be used only for homes and buildings.DThe cost of making the transparent wood still needs to be cut down.4、What is the last paragraph mainly about?AThe bri

30、ght future of the transparent wood.BThe woods role in the design of solar panels.CThe disadvantages of the currently used glass.DSolar energy manufacturerscarbon footprint.23（8分） During Amsterdams chaotic rush hour, nine-year-old Lotta Crok cycles to a very busy junction. “Look,” she says. “Theres t

31、raffic coming from everywhere. Four trams from four different directions. For a child on a bike thats really confusing!”Lotta is the first junior cycle mayor in the world and her working area is the Dutch capital. You would think this challenge would be superfluous in a city known as thebicycle capi

32、tal of the world. The number of bicyclesin Amsterdam is estimated at 881,000 more than the citys 850,000 inhabitants and 63% of the population cycle daily.But children who cycle in Amsterdam face challenges, Lotta says: “The three biggest problems for us are cars, cycling tourists and scooters (小型摩托

33、). The cars take up too much space, the tourists are always swinging side to side and stop when you least expect it, and the scooters simply run you over.”Lotta became junior cycle mayor in June last year when she won a contest in which schoolchildren were asked to come up with plans to make cycling

34、 safer and more fun. Her idea was to add childrens bikes to the popular bike share programme.Since Lotta was appointed junior cycle mayor, she has been busy, giving interviews, opening cycling contests in the city and being a jury（评审员）member during theAmsterdam Light Parade, an event in which Amster

35、dammers decorate their bikes with lights.She is now planning a meeting with the citys mayor to discuss ideas that children have come up with: “One of our proposals is a bicycle park where children can learn how to cycle. Right now, most of us learn it in the street, which can be quite busy. Another

36、idea is to create an app for tourists to teach them the rules of cycling, because most of them really dont know.”Following the success of the Amsterdam scheme, cycle mayors around the world are now planning to appoint junior colleagues. “They see it works really well,” Boerma, the senior major, says

37、. “I talk to the parents, Lotta talks to the children. And if you look at the city through the eyes of a child, you will also make it accessible for others. A city thats good for an eight-year-old is also good for an 88-year-old.”1、Why is a junior cycle mayor appointed in Amsterdam?ATo teach childre

38、n how to ride.BTo ensure cycling is safer for children.CTo give suggestions to the citys mayor on how to run the city.DTo organize the cycling contests in the city.2、Which word can best replace the underlined word “superfluous” in paragraph 2?AImportantBUnnecessaryCDifficultDValuable3、What has Lotta

39、 done since she became the bike mayor?AShe has solved the three biggest problems for children cycling in Amsterdam.BShe has won a contest about cycling.CShe has given interviews and been a jury member during a parade.DShe has given proposals to the city mayor.4、What s Boermas attitude to the junior

40、cycle mayor?ACautiousBFavorableCAmbiguousDDisapproving24（8分）No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex. By changing the order of the words and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs (助动词) and suffixes (后缀), we can turn a statement into a question, state whether an action

41、 has taken place or is soon to take place, and perform many other word tricks to convey different meanings. However, the question which many language experts cant understand and explain iswho created grammar?Some recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. Since the slaves didnt know e

42、ach others languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowners. They have little in the way of grammar, and speakers need to use too many words to make their meaning understood. Interestingly, however, all it takes

43、for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it at the time when they learn their mother tongue. Slave children didnt simply copy the strings of words used by their elders. They adapted their words to create an expressive language. In this way complex grammar

44、 systems which come from pidgins were invented.Further evidence can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Sign languages are not simply a group of gestures; they use the same grammatical machinery that is found in spoken languages. The creation of one such language was documented quite re

45、cently in Nicaragua. Previously, although deaf children were taught speech and lip reading in the classrooms, in the playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system, using the gestures they used at home. It was basically a pidgin and there was no consistent grammar. However, a new system was

46、born when children who joined the school later developed a quite different sign language. It was based on the signs of the older children, but it was shorter and easier to understand, and it had a large range of special use of grammar to clarify the meaning. Whats more, they all used the signs in th

47、e same way. So the original pidgin was greatly improved.Most experts believe that many of the languages were pidgins at first. They were initially used in different groups of people without standardization and gradually evolved into a widely accepted system. The English past tense“ed” ending may hav

48、e evolved from the verb “do”. “It ended” may once have been “It end-did”. It seems that children have grammatical machinery in their brains. Their minds can serve to create logical and complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.1、What can be inferred about the slaves

49、pidgin language?AIt was difficult to understand.BIt came from different languages.CIt was created by the landowners.DIt contained highly complex grammar.2、What is the characteristic of the new Nicaraguan sign language?ANo consistent signs were used for communication.BMost of the gestures were made f

50、or everyday activities.CThe hand movements were smoother and more attractive.DThe meaning was clearer than the previous sign language.3、Which idea does the author present in the last paragraph?AEnglish grammar of past tense system is inaccurate.BChildren say English past tense differently from adult

51、s.CThe thought that English was once a pidgin is acceptable.DExperts have proven that English was created by children.4、What is the best title for the passage?AThe Creators of Grammar BThe History of LanguagesCWhy Pidgins Came into Being DHow Grammar Systems Are Used25（10分）Police around the world ha

52、ve for almost 100 years relied on lie detectors to help spot criminals. But there has long been much skepticism in the scientific and legal communities about the lie detectors reliability. Hopefully, it could soon be no longer in use.Researchers in Britain and the Netherlands have made a breakthroug

53、h, developing a more reliable method to help conduct interviews. Rather than just record changes in pulse, blood pressure, sweating and breathing, the new system involves monitoring full-body motions to provide an indicator of signs of guilty feelings.There is a basic fact that liars tend to keep mo

54、ving their hands and feet and so an all-body motion suit will pick this up. The suit contains 17 sensors that record movement in 23 joints up to 120 times per second.“The lie detector has been around since the 1920s and by measuring physiological stress caused by anxiety, you can only get a success

55、rate of about 60%.”, said Ross Anderson, professor of security engineering at Cambridge University.He said the new method, by contrast, achieved a reliability rating of over 70% and he was quite sure that they would be able to do better. In one of their experiments, the team has already achieved mor

56、e than 80%.The experiment involved 180 students and employees at Lancaster University, of which half were told to tell the truth and half to lie. They were each paid 7.50 for their participation in the 70-minute experiment, involving two test.Some were interviewed about a computer game “Never End” t

57、hat they played for seven minutes, while others lied about playing it having only been shown notes about it.The second test involved a lost wallet containing 5. Some were asked to bring the wallet to a lost-and-found box while others hid it and lied about it.“Overall, we correctly classified 82.2% o

58、f the interviewees as either being truthful or dishonest.”, the report said.But the use of all-body suits is expensive they cost about 30,000 and can be uncomfortable, so Anderson and his colleagues are now looking at low-cost alternatives.1、The researchers used the all-body motion suit to .Adiscove

59、r peoples joint problemsBrecord peoples changes in their healthChelp find out interviewees mental activitiesDprevent liars from moving their hands and feet2、What is the main disadvantage of the lie detector?AIt has a low success rate BIt is very uncomfortableCIt is too complex to use DIt costs a lot

60、 of money3、How does Anderson feel about the new method?AConfused BConfidentCDoubtful DDisappointed第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项26（30分）I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a car and landing on my head. Now I am thirty-two. I can vagu