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1、September 8, 2008TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR THE PETROLEUM REFINING SECTOR: PROPOSED RULE FOR MANDATORY REPORTING OF GREENHOUSE GASESOffice of Air and RadiationU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyCONTENTS TOC o 1-5 h z Industry Description3Total Emissions11Emission Sources12Stationary Combustion

2、Sources12Flares13Catalytic Cracking Units14Catalytic Reforming Units14Fluid Coking Units15Sulfur Recovery Vents15Hydrogen Plants15Fugitive Emission Sources15Review of Existing Programs and Methodologies16Types of Information to be Reported16Types of Emissions to be Reported16Other Information to be

3、Reported18Options for Reporting Threshold19Options for Monitoring Methods19Stationary Combustion Sources19Flares20Process Emissions20Fugitive Emission Sources21Options for Estimating Missing Data22QA/QC Requirements22References23Appendix A. Derivation of Calculation Methods25A.1 Equipment Leaks25A.2

4、 Storage Tanks29A.3 Delayed Coking Unit Coke Cutting311. Industry DescriptionPetroleum refineries are facilities that are engaged in producing liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), motor gasoline, jet fuels, kerosene, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants, asphalt (bitumen), and other prod

5、ucts through distillation of crude oil or through redistillation, cracking, or reforming of unfinished petroleum derivatives. There are three basic types of refineries: topping, hydroskimming, and upgrading (also referred to as “conversion” or “complex”). Topping refineries have a crude distillation

6、 column and produce naphtha and other intermediate products, but not gasoline. There are only a few topping refineries in the U.S., predominately in Alaska. Hydroskimming refineries have mild conversion units such as hydrotreating units and/or reforming units to produce finished gasoline products, b

7、ut they do not upgrade heavier components of the crude oil that exit near the bottom of the crude distillation column. Some topping/hydroskimming refineries specialize in processing heavy crude oils to produce asphalt. There are 8 operating asphalt plants and approximately 20 other hydroskimming ref

8、ineries operating in the U.S. as of January 2006 (EIA, 2006a). The vast majority (approximately 75 to 80 percent) of U.S. refineries are upgrading/conversion refineries. Upgrading/conversion refineries have cracking or coking operations to convert long-chain, high molecular weight hydrocarbons (“hea

9、vy distillates”) into smaller hydrocarbons that can be used to produce gasoline product (“light distillates”) and other higher value products and petrochemical feedstocks. The U.S., Western Europe, and Asia are the largest and most sophisticated producers of refined petroleum products. The U.S. prod

10、uced 23 percent of the worlds refinery products in 2003 (U.S. DOE, 2007).There are 150 petroleum refineries in 35 States and 2 U.S. territories, eight of which are considered asphalt refineries. The majority of oil distillation capacity in the U.S. is at large, integrated companies with multiple ref

11、ining facilities. About 30 percent of all facilities are small operations producing fewer than 50,000 barrels per day, representing about 5 percent of the total output of petroleum products annually. As of January 2006, the combined operating crude capacity for the 150 U.S. refineries (including tho

12、se in U.S. territories) was 17.9-million barrels per calendar day (bbls/cd). The combined operating crude capacity for the 148 refineries within the U.S. States is just over 17.3-million bbls/cd; the 2 refineries located in U.S. territories had a combined capacity of 572,900 bbls/cd (EIA, 2006b). Th

13、e average crude capacity utilization rate for U.S refineries was 90.6 percent in 2005. In 2005, the U.S. refineries (not including U.S. territories) produced 2,225 million barrels (MMbbl) of motor gasoline, 1,443 MMbbl of diesel fuel oil, 564 MMbbl of jet fuel, 305 MMbbl of petroleum coke, 229 MMbl

14、of residual fuel oil, and 209 MMbbl of LPG, as well as other products (EIA, 2006a). Table 1 includes a list of the 150 refineries within the U.S. and its territories along with crude oil distillation capacities and process charge or production capacities for various process units as of January 2006.

15、Table 1. Petroleum Refineries in the United States., aFacility NameCityStateCrude Capacity (bbl/cd)Charge capacity (bbl/sd)Production capacityFCCUCRUFluid CokingDelayed CokingHydrogen (MMcfd)Sulfur (short tons/d)BPPrudhoe BayAK12,500000000ConocoPhillips AlaskaKuparukAK14,000000000Flint Hills Resourc

16、esNorth PoleAK210,000000000Petro Star Inc.North PoleAK17,000000000Petro Star Inc.ValdezAK48,000000000Tesoro Petroleum Corp.KenaiAK72,000013,000001320Goodway Refining LLCAtmoreAL4,100000000Gulf Atlantic Operations LLCMobile BayAL16,700000000Hunt Refining Co.TuscaloosaAL34,50007,200014,000680Shell Che

17、mical LPSaralandAL80,000020,00000035Cross Oil & Refining Co. Inc.SmackoverAR7,200000030Lion Oil Co.El DoradoAR70,00019,90014,800000157Big West of CABakersfieldCA66,000016,300022,00025105BPCarsonCA260,000102,50052,000065,000105350Chevron USA Inc.El SegundoCA260,00074,00049,000066,00077600Chevron USA

18、Inc.RichmondCA242,90190,00071,30000181789ConocoPhillipsLA - Carson/ WilmingtonCA139,00050,28036,750052,200105370ConocoPhillipsSF - RodeoCA76,000032,000027,00084310ConocoPhillipsArroyo Grande (Santa Maria)CA44,20000023,4000120Edgington Oil Co.Long BeachCA26,000000000ExxonMobil Corp.TorranceCA149,5001

19、00,00020,000054,600138400Greka EnergySanta MariaCA9,500000000Charge capacity (bbl/sd)Production capacityTable 1. Petroleum Refineries in the United States., aFacility NameCityStateCrude Capacity (bbl/cd)Charge capacity (bbl/sd)Production capacityFCCUCRUFluid CokingDelayed CokingHydrogen (MMcfd)Sulfu

20、r (short tons/d)BPPrudhoe BayAK12,500000000ConocoPhillips AlaskaKuparukAK14,000000000Flint Hills ResourcesNorth PoleAK210,000000000Petro Star Inc.North PoleAK17,000000000Petro Star Inc.ValdezAK48,000000000Tesoro Petroleum Corp.KenaiAK72,000013,000001320Goodway Refining LLCAtmoreAL4,100000000Gulf Atl

21、antic Operations LLCMobile BayAL16,700000000Hunt Refining Co.TuscaloosaAL34,50007,200014,000680Shell Chemical LPSaralandAL80,000020,00000035Cross Oil & Refining Co. Inc.SmackoverAR7,200000030Lion Oil Co.El DoradoAR70,00019,90014,800000157Big West of CABakersfieldCA66,000016,300022,00025105BPCarsonCA

22、260,000102,50052,000065,000105350Chevron USA Inc.El SegundoCA260,00074,00049,000066,00077600Chevron USA Inc.RichmondCA242,90190,00071,30000181789ConocoPhillipsLA - Carson/ WilmingtonCA139,00050,28036,750052,200105370ConocoPhillipsSF - RodeoCA76,000032,000027,00084310ConocoPhillipsArroyo Grande (Sant

23、a Maria)CA44,20000023,4000120Edgington Oil Co.Long BeachCA26,000000000ExxonMobil Corp.TorranceCA149,500100,00020,000054,600138400Greka EnergySanta MariaCA9,500000000Charge capacity (bbl/sd)Production capacityTable 1. Petroleum Refineries in the United States., aFacility NameCityStateCrude Capacity (

24、bbl/cd)Charge capacity (bbl/sd)Production capacityFCCUCRUFluid CokingDelayed CokingHydrogen (MMcfd)Sulfur (short tons/d)BPPrudhoe BayAK12,500000000ConocoPhillips AlaskaKuparukAK14,000000000Flint Hills ResourcesNorth PoleAK210,000000000Petro Star Inc.North PoleAK17,000000000Petro Star Inc.ValdezAK48,

25、000000000Tesoro Petroleum Corp.KenaiAK72,000013,000001320Goodway Refining LLCAtmoreAL4,100000000Gulf Atlantic Operations LLCMobile BayAL16,700000000Hunt Refining Co.TuscaloosaAL34,50007,200014,000680Shell Chemical LPSaralandAL80,000020,00000035Cross Oil & Refining Co. Inc.SmackoverAR7,200000030Lion

26、Oil Co.El DoradoAR70,00019,90014,800000157Big West of CABakersfieldCA66,000016,300022,00025105BPCarsonCA260,000102,50052,000065,000105350Chevron USA Inc.El SegundoCA260,00074,00049,000066,00077600Chevron USA Inc.RichmondCA242,90190,00071,30000181789ConocoPhillipsLA - Carson/ WilmingtonCA139,00050,28

27、036,750052,200105370ConocoPhillipsSF - RodeoCA76,000032,000027,00084310ConocoPhillipsArroyo Grande (Santa Maria)CA44,20000023,4000120Edgington Oil Co.Long BeachCA26,000000000ExxonMobil Corp.TorranceCA149,500100,00020,000054,600138400Greka EnergySanta MariaCA9,500000000Charge capacity (bbl/sd)Product

28、ion capacityTable 1. Petroleum Refineries in the United States., aFacility NameCityStateCrude Capacity (bbl/cd)Charge capacity (bbl/sd)Production capacityFCCUCRUFluid CokingDelayed CokingHydrogen (MMcfd)Sulfur (short tons/d)BPPrudhoe BayAK12,500000000ConocoPhillips AlaskaKuparukAK14,000000000Flint H

29、ills ResourcesNorth PoleAK210,000000000Petro Star Inc.North PoleAK17,000000000Petro Star Inc.ValdezAK48,000000000Tesoro Petroleum Corp.KenaiAK72,000013,000001320Goodway Refining LLCAtmoreAL4,100000000Gulf Atlantic Operations LLCMobile BayAL16,700000000Hunt Refining Co.TuscaloosaAL34,50007,200014,000

30、680Shell Chemical LPSaralandAL80,000020,00000035Cross Oil & Refining Co. Inc.SmackoverAR7,200000030Lion Oil Co.El DoradoAR70,00019,90014,800000157Big West of CABakersfieldCA66,000016,300022,00025105BPCarsonCA260,000102,50052,000065,000105350Chevron USA Inc.El SegundoCA260,00074,00049,000066,00077600

31、Chevron USA Inc.RichmondCA242,90190,00071,30000181789ConocoPhillipsLA - Carson/ WilmingtonCA139,00050,28036,750052,200105370ConocoPhillipsSF - RodeoCA76,000032,000027,00084310ConocoPhillipsArroyo Grande (Santa Maria)CA44,20000023,4000120Edgington Oil Co.Long BeachCA26,000000000ExxonMobil Corp.Torran

32、ceCA149,500100,00020,000054,600138400Greka EnergySanta MariaCA9,500000000Charge capacity (bbl/sd)Production capacityTable 1. Petroleum Refineries in the United States., aFacility NameCityStateCrude Capacity (bbl/cd)Charge capacity (bbl/sd)Production capacityFCCUCRUFluid CokingDelayed CokingHydrogen

33、(MMcfd)Sulfur (short tons/d)BPPrudhoe BayAK12,500000000ConocoPhillips AlaskaKuparukAK14,000000000Flint Hills ResourcesNorth PoleAK210,000000000Petro Star Inc.North PoleAK17,000000000Petro Star Inc.ValdezAK48,000000000Tesoro Petroleum Corp.KenaiAK72,000013,000001320Goodway Refining LLCAtmoreAL4,10000

34、0000Gulf Atlantic Operations LLCMobile BayAL16,700000000Hunt Refining Co.TuscaloosaAL34,50007,200014,000680Shell Chemical LPSaralandAL80,000020,00000035Cross Oil & Refining Co. Inc.SmackoverAR7,200000030Lion Oil Co.El DoradoAR70,00019,90014,800000157Big West of CABakersfieldCA66,000016,300022,000251

35、05BPCarsonCA260,000102,50052,000065,000105350Chevron USA Inc.El SegundoCA260,00074,00049,000066,00077600Chevron USA Inc.RichmondCA242,90190,00071,30000181789ConocoPhillipsLA - Carson/ WilmingtonCA139,00050,28036,750052,200105370ConocoPhillipsSF - RodeoCA76,000032,000027,00084310ConocoPhillipsArroyo

36、Grande (Santa Maria)CA44,20000023,4000120Edgington Oil Co.Long BeachCA26,000000000ExxonMobil Corp.TorranceCA149,500100,00020,000054,600138400Greka EnergySanta MariaCA9,500000000Charge capacity (bbl/sd)Production capacityTable 1. Petroleum Refineries in the United States., aFacility NameCityStateCrud

37、e Capacity (bbl/cd)Charge capacity (bbl/sd)Production capacityFCCUCRUFluid CokingDelayed CokingHydrogen (MMcfd)Sulfur (short tons/d)BPPrudhoe BayAK12,500000000ConocoPhillips AlaskaKuparukAK14,000000000Flint Hills ResourcesNorth PoleAK210,000000000Petro Star Inc.North PoleAK17,000000000Petro Star Inc

38、.ValdezAK48,000000000Tesoro Petroleum Corp.KenaiAK72,000013,000001320Goodway Refining LLCAtmoreAL4,100000000Gulf Atlantic Operations LLCMobile BayAL16,700000000Hunt Refining Co.TuscaloosaAL34,50007,200014,000680Shell Chemical LPSaralandAL80,000020,00000035Cross Oil & Refining Co. Inc.SmackoverAR7,20

39、0000030Lion Oil Co.El DoradoAR70,00019,90014,800000157Big West of CABakersfieldCA66,000016,300022,00025105BPCarsonCA260,000102,50052,000065,000105350Chevron USA Inc.El SegundoCA260,00074,00049,000066,00077600Chevron USA Inc.RichmondCA242,90190,00071,30000181789ConocoPhillipsLA - Carson/ WilmingtonCA

40、139,00050,28036,750052,200105370ConocoPhillipsSF - RodeoCA76,000032,000027,00084310ConocoPhillipsArroyo Grande (Santa Maria)CA44,20000023,4000120Edgington Oil Co.Long BeachCA26,000000000ExxonMobil Corp.TorranceCA149,500100,00020,000054,600138400Greka EnergySanta MariaCA9,500000000Table 1. Petroleum Refineries in the United States., aFacility NameCityStateCrude Capacity (bbl/cd)Charge capaci