现在完成时讲解与专项练习

1、现在完成时讲解一、基本结构：主语 +have/has+过去分词（done）肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否定句：主语 +have/has+not+过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、用法1）现在完成时的“完成用法”现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系， TOC o 1-5 h z HYPERLINK l bookmark14 o Current Document 也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在He has tur

2、ned off the light,他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。）I have spent all of my money,含义是：现在我没有钱花了 .）Jane has laid the table畲义是：现在桌子已经摆好了.）2）现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常与for （ +时间段），since （+时间点）连用.Mary has been ill for three days.Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意:1.

3、现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，（如表示过去的时间状语）如 yesterday（mornin$ afternoon）,last（morning、 afternoon）等， 除非与 for, since 连用.现在完成时往往同表示 不确定的过去时间状语连用，如 already （肯定）,yet （否定，疑问），just, before, recently, still, latey 等：He has already obtained a scholarship.I havent seen much of him recently （lately）.We have seen that film

4、before.Have they found the missing child yet ?.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如 ever, never, twice, several times:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman several times.现在完成时还往往 可以同包括现在时间

5、在内的时间状语连用，如 up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far 等：Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester. have been to 和 have gone tofl勺区另Uhave been to强调去过”，现已不

6、在那里 ，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。(过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”)have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：-Wheres your mother?-尔妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital.-她去医院了。has been in一直在某地三、现在完成时考点例析现在完成时是较难掌握、中考考查较多的时态。涉及的考点有：一、考查其构成助动词have (has) +动词过去分词构成现在完成时。如：Kates never seen Chinese films ? A. h

7、asnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因 Kates是Kate has的缩写,故选BoHis uncle has already posted the photos to him.改为否定句 )His uncle posted the photos to him.析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填 hasnt, yet。-Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. ha

8、ve析：so+助/系/情态动词+主语结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致 句的主语为her parents是复数，故选D。二、考查其用法与标志词（一）当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, befor繇时，常用现在完成时。如：-Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -you your homework yet?A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished-you anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant

9、 remember where IA. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfedC. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：据yet和before可知，应用现在完成时，故 1题选D, 2题选D。（二）当句中有for +段时间或since +点时间等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词（短语）。如：His brother has been to Stone Forest twice he came to Yunnan.A. af

10、ter B. before C. since D. for析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选CoTom the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表段时间”的短语连用，故选 D。I a letter from him since he left.A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent heard析：据 since可知，应排除 A、C, hear

11、 from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb. 意为收到 某人的来信，故选Bo三、 考查 have/has been （to, in）/have/has gone （to）的区另U 。如：-Have you ever Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have.A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to析：据句中的have,排除A, B项意为去某地了 ，C项意为一直呆在某地，D项意为 去过某地，符合题意，故选 D。My parents Shang

12、dong for ten years.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been析：本题句中有for+段时间结构，据此可排除 C, B项意为去过某地二不合题意，D项 缺介词，故选A。四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：Suns aunt has gone there for ten year喊成正确的句子 )析：非延续性动词与段时间连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词 改为一般过去时或借助句型Its +段时间+since+从句进行句子转换。故答案为：Suns aunthas been th

13、ere for ten years. /Suns aunt went there ten years ago. /Its ten years since Suns aunt went there.Susan has been in this city for more than ten years改为同义句 )more than ten years Susan to this city.析：据上题分析，且 since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填 It is, since, camaI wont go to the concert because I my ticket.A. lost B.

14、dont lose C. have lost D. is coming析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选 Co英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。一、持续性动词：表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的 study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep 等。二、瞬间性动词：表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性

15、动词。常见的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off 等瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常有两种方法：(1)用意思相当的持续性动词来替换He has been in the army/a

16、soldier for three years.(他参军已有 3 年了。)不用 has joinedShe has been up for quite some time.(她起床已有好久了。 )不用 has got upHas your brother been away from home for a long time?（离家已有好久了 吗？）不用 has left常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系1、go be away2、comebe here3、come bac be back4、leave be away (be not here)5、buy have6、borrow keep7、d

17、iebe dead8、beginbe on9、finish be over10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost13、get to know know14、turn on be on 15、get upbe up16、sit downsit/beseated17、join be in ()或 be a member 18、become be(2)用it is sin(M构来替换瞬间动词例如：电影已经开映 5分钟了。(两种方法)The film has been on for five minutes.It s five minutes s

18、ce the film began.他离开上海已有 3天了。(两种方法)He has been away from Shanghai for three days.It is three days since he left Shanghai.这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。(一种方法)It s two weeks since I returned the book to the library.他找到他妹妹已有多久了？(一种方法)How long is it since be found his sister?4、瞬间动词的否定形式 可以与表示一段时间的状语连用例如：I haven t see

19、n you for a long time.(好久没见到你了。现在完成时专项练习、单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they what happened to himA. knewB . have knownC . must knowD . will know2、He hasbeen to Shanghai, hashe?A. alreadyB . neverC . everD . still3、Have you met Mr.Li?A. justB . agoC .beforeD .a moment ago4、The famous writero

20、ne new bookin the past two year .A. is writingB .was writingC .wroteD .has written5、一 Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope A. has changed C . has changed 6、 Zhao LanA. was; studying C . has; studied7、WeA. knowitwill be evenwellbetterXiao8、Harry Potter is aA. will seealreadyB . changed; good D .

21、changed; better in this school for two years .Li since she was a littleB . hadknownB . will; studyD . are; studying girl .C . have knownD. knewvery nice film.B . haveseenit twice .C . sawD .see9、 These farmers have been to the United States .A.10、A.11、A.12、A.13、A.14、A.15、A.16、A.17、A.18、Really? When

22、will they go do they go you -Yes. IitDid; do; finishedHave; done; haveHis fatherjoinedthere?did they go have they goneyour homework yet ? a moment ago.finishedthe Party sinceB . has joinedDo you know him well ?Sure .Wewere-How long have youAbout two months.beenHurry up! The play has begun has been o

23、nItis1978 .friends since tenB . have beenhere ?B . gone forten years since he left B . hasHave; done; finished will; do; finishC. was inD.has been inyears ago .C . have becomeD . have madeC. comeD. arrivedten minutes.B . had begunD. began the army .C . willD . wasMiss Green isnt in the office. sheha

24、s goneMy parents have been inhave gone totoB . wentthe library.C .will gohas beenShandong for ten years.B . haveD . haveThe students have cleaned the classroom,A. so theyB. don t they19、been tobeenC. have theyD.haven t thehas Mr White been a member of Greener China sinceheto China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived20、His