2019-2020学年外研版英语选修7新素养同步Module5SectionⅣGrammar

1、 Section IV Grammar过去分词 （短语 ）作状语和动词短语 （教材P58） （see） from above, the old town is a maze of canals, little bridges andtiny cobbled streets that tourists get lost in.答案： Seen （教材P58） They sit in small circles in the square, with their babies on their backs, completely（interest） in the tourists!答案： unin

2、terested （教材P59） （pass） from father to son, the music has not changed for eightcenturies, and among the richer Naxi people, knowledge of this music showed that you were a real gentleman.答案： Passed （教材P63）If you come a good book on Yunnan when you re in the bookshop, can you buy it for me?答案： across

3、（教材P63） I know a lot about the Dai people but I ve never heard t_h_a_t_c_u_s_to_m_._答案：of （教材P63）Non-Han people make nearly 30% of Yunnan s population.答案：up过去分词（短语）作状语 过去分词（短语）作状语的基本用法过去分词 （短语 ）在句中作状语，可以表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、让步或伴随。过去分词 （短语 ）在句中作状语表示动作的完成或被动。其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致，过去分词与逻辑主语一般是被动关系。（2018 W匕京卷）Or

4、dinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.（条件） 如果正确使用的话，普通肥皂可以有效地消灭细菌。（2016 北京卷）Ordered over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.（原因） 这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。Beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged and practised even harder.（让步） 尽管被对方

5、打败了，队员们没有泄气，而是更加努力训练。The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students伴随）老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生，Discussed many times, the problems were settled at last.（时间）讨论多次以后，这些问题终于解决了。.过去分词（短语）作状语的注意事项（1）过去分词（短语）作时间、条件或让步状语时，为了明确其意义，有时可在过去分词（短语）前加上when, while, if, once, unless, although等连词，即我们通常所说的状语

6、从句的省略。 Unless constantly repeated, the English words are easily forgotten.这些英语单词很容易被忘记，除非不断被重复。（2）部分过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：located（坐落于），lost（迷路的）,seated（坐着的）,hidden（躲着的）,lost/absorbed/buried in（沉溺于）,dressed in（穿着）,tired of（厌烦的）,faced with（面对着）。（天津卷）Absorbed in painting, John didn t

7、 notice evening approaching.由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。（3）有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考 的有：独立成分意义generally speaking(to be general)一般来说honestly/roughly/strictly speaking老实说/大体说/严格说frankly speaking(to be frank)坦白说judging from/by.根据来判断takinginto consideration / account考虑到considering/ seeing/given.考虑

8、到to tell the truth/to be honest说实话compared with/by.与相比to make things worse更糟糕的是(浙江卷)To be honest, the pay isnt attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting.说实话，这个报酬不是很吸引人，虽然工作本身很有趣。过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别语法逻辑关系时间概念过去分词过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前； 或表示

9、一种状态，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在现在分词现在分词的一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；现在分词的完成式(having done)表tk动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 Seen from the top of the tower, our city looks more beautiful.从塔顶上看，我们的城市看上去更漂亮。 Seeing from the top of the tower, we c

10、an get a wonderful view of our city.从塔顶我们可以饱览我们城市的美景。动短语坏了；垮了；分解放弃抚养；教育执行；实施坚持要/ 坚决主张闯入查明精心挑选1 动副 break down give up bring up carry out insist on break in find out pick out在 “ 动副 ” 的短语中 ， 若宾语是名既可置于副后面， 也可置于动和副之间。若宾语是代， 只能置于动和副之间。2 动词介词 动词与介词构成的短语在意义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语总是在介词后面。believe in belong to.care abou

11、tcome across count on. go through lie in.prepare for.3 动词副词介词废弃；废除与相处赶上；跟上总计达从脱离；打破适应/符合信任/ 信赖 /信仰属于对关心/感兴趣偶然碰到/遇到信赖/指望通过在于为作准备这类动词短语相当于一个及物动词。宾语总是位于介词之后。do away withget on/along withcatch up withadd up tobreak away fromfit in with 动词名词介词这类动词短语只用作及物动词，常可用于被动语态，并且有些可以有两种形式。make use of利用pay attention

12、to注意take advantage of利用take part in参加show interest in对表现出兴趣keep pace with与并驾齐驱 In some countries, people are making use of the heat in the center of the earth. fThe heat in the center of the earth is being made use of in some countries.f Use is being made of the heat in the center of the earth in so

13、me countries.在一些国家，人们正在利用地球中心的热能。 其他动词短语(1)动词名词这类动词短语中的常见动词是have, take, give, make 等，后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词，并表达了动词短语的真正意义。看一看试一试约会发生发现讲得通；有意义丧失信心做鬼脸随便吃专心于穿着忙于专心；致力于记住使生效考虑到形成生效突然大哭起来成功叙述；说明明白have a lookhave a trymake an appointmenttake placemake a discoverymake senselose heartmake faces(2)动词反身代词介词help

14、 oneself togive oneself todress oneself inoccupy oneself indevote oneself to(3)动词介词名词keep.in o o considerationcome into beingcome into effectburst into tears(4)动词 itmake itput itget itI单句语法填空 （find） her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.答案： Finding. （2017 天津卷）M

15、r. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle , get married, and have kids.答案： down. （2016 浙江卷 6 月）When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut from the world.答案： off （天津卷）Tom had to turn the invitation to the party last weekend because he wastoo busy.答案： down

16、（湖南卷 ）When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile ， she stood rooted to the ground， （wonder） whether to stay or leave.答案： wondering （湖北卷 ）Is this your necklace, Mary? I came it when I was cleaning thebathroom this morning.答案： across （重庆卷 ） （raise） in the poorest area of Glasgow, h

17、e had a long, hard road tobecoming a football star.答案：Raised （bury） in his books, he didn t know it was raining outside.答案：Buried. （2019 陕西西安高二期中） （judge） from his accent, he is from the south ofChina.答案： Judging Film has a much shorter history, especially when （compare） with such artforms as music

18、and painting.答案： comparedn单句改错 Offering an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.答案：Ofering Offered（2019 北京西城区高二期中 ）When asking questions in class, one should answer them as clearly as possible. 答案：askingfasked Facing with a choice between arts and science, the little girl didn t know which to choose.答案： FacingfFaced（2016 天津卷）I hate it wh