英语专业八级翻译训练课件

1、英语专业八级训练讲解实例Four months before election day, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten oclock in the morning the rest of

2、the office was particularly deserted. Even so, the men kept the door shut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting. Their aim was to devise a strategy that would guarantee Ronald Reagans resounding reelection

3、to a second term in the White House.It should have been easy. These were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ones to the Republican party men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good

4、 news to work with: America was at peace, and the nations economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a topflight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, the

5、ir candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of Americaa nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative and smaller federal

6、government.学生译文一事情本来很简单，这些人都是身经百战的老手，并且和里根有着很深的交情甚至比共和党的交情还深。它们不仅懂得总统的政策，而且通晓国內的每一件事。总统选举是在友好的气氛下进行的，传出了很多震愤人心的传闻例如美国正处在和平之中，还有影响选举的一个重要因素一一美国的国民经济正从大萧条申复苏，而另一方面，选举本身就是一项奢侈的金融行为，因为太多的钱都用在了买头等飞机票、旅行和电视广告上，而更重要的是他们的候选人是罗纳德一里根，一位有着很强的交流技巧和很高名望的总统，自从约翰F肯尼迪构思了一个大型美丽蓝图一一即一个崇尚个人至上，有着小型联邦政府并且军事力量强劲的美国之后，里根从

7、他那里受益匪浅，胜过任何一个总统。该译文的得分应在4分左右 学生译文二里根在这次大选中获胜应该是件很容易的事。这些经受过战争考验的老手们都长期追随着里根，并一直支持着共和党，他们理解国家的任意一个决策也理解总统的决策。伴随着许多良好的境况，这次竞选活动的背景也是很适宜的：美国正处在和平年代，民族经济在经历了一段时期的不景气后，开始复苏，现在也很繁荣，这是竞选成败的关键因素。此外，他们为这次竞选筹集了大量的资金，其中大部分用于飞行、旅游和商业电视广告。另外，最重要的一点是他们的候选人是里根，一位具有巨大个人魅力和赋有令人忘尘莫及的交流经验的总统。里根是继约翰肯尼迪总统之后最为成功的一位候选人。他

8、对美国的见识深远，他认为美国政府具有强大的军事力量，独特的开创精神和相对较小的联邦政府。 该译文的得分应在6分左右 参考译文 谋求再次当选理应轻而易举。这是一些久经沙场的政坛老手，与里根总统有漫长的、千丝万缕的关系，与共和党的联系则更为深远，而且这些人比这个国家里的任何人都深谙总统政治。竞选的背景也十分有利，可以大做文章的好消息遍地皆是：美国正值太平盛世。经济是任何一场选举的关键因素，而此时的美国经济在经历了不景气之后正强劲反弹。还有，竞选所需资金也绰绰有余，足可以支付一流的竞选班子的工资以及到全国巡回演说和电视竞选宣传的费用。而且，更为重要的是他们的候选人是罗纳德里根，一个极其受欢迎又特别善

9、于沟通的总统。与约翰F肯尼迪以来的任何一位总统相比，里根更为成功地描绘出了一幅关于美国前景的广阔画面，那就是美国在未来将重振军事雄风，个人积极性得到充分发挥，联邦政府更为精简。Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of

10、 culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse

11、 towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human

12、 thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound message that can be sent from one human to another. Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. 是指歌剧的门票昂贵，一般人欣赏不起，还是说歌剧需要的投资很大?“歌剧很贵，看一场歌剧免不了要花那么多钱But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate so

13、cietys power of choice.Collins COBUILD English Dictionary for Advanced Learners，这个 province应该是If you say that a subject or activity is a particular persons province，you mean that this person has a special interest in it, a special knowledge of it, or a special responsibility for it.的意思来理解。如Arvo avoi

14、ded committing himself。Im afraid thats not my province，he replied再如Industrial research is the province of the Department of Trade and Industry 只要我们的社会不放弃选择权，歌剧这样的东西就不一定只为富人上演，只有富人才看得起。把are not inevitably the province of the rich译为“昂贵的东西就不一定只有富人才能享受”。 We can choose to make opera, and other expensive

15、forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it.有些考生将make理解为“制作”，译为“让付不起钱的大众来制作戏剧或其他昂贵的文化形式”。 Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education imperative意思是thing that is essential 0r urgent； But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a

16、 hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental.impulse的意思是本能的“冲动”，如be seized with a sudden impulse to do something In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in

17、the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. theatre应作“dramatic literature or art；the writing，acting and producing of plays” These masterpieces are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; aspire意为desire strongly to achieve something；hav

18、e ambition for something；如They aspired to be gentlemen, though they fell far short of the ideal同一句中的touchstone意为If you use one thing as a touchstone of another you use it as a test or standard by which you judge the second thing可以译为“试金石”，也可以引申为“检验标准”、“衡量尺度”。 they carry the most profound message that

19、 can be sent from one human to another.message根据Collins COBUILD English Dictionary for Advanced Learners的解释应该是The message that someone is trying to communicate，for example in a book or play，is the idea or point that they are trying to communicate的意思，如The reports message was unequivocal再如 I no longer

20、 want to stay friendly with her but I dont know how to get the message across。所以message that can be sent from one human to another的大致意思是“可在人类彼此间相互传递。” 学生译文 看歌剧需要很高的花费：这些开销是难以避免的。但是这些昂贵的花费难以避免的属于富人的圈子，除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们可以选择别的歌剧，以及一些其他文化形式，使得那些支付不起这种花费的人也可以接触得到，问题是为什么我们非要这样做呢?没有人可以否认人类对基本食物、住所、安全、健康和教育的

21、需要。即使是在史前时期，人们伸出双手不仅仅是为了获取食物和水或是争斗，也是为了作画。学生译文 这种对文化的冲动，这种表达自我、探索世界的渴望，即通过艺术想象和描述这种最基本形式，在欧洲，这种渴望已经在音乐、文学和歌剧等艺术杰作里得以释放。这些杰作是我们所做努力的试金石，他们是用来预示人类的想像力和思想所激发的渴望的试金石。他们承载着人类交流所需要的意义颇深的信息。参考译文欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈的享受，你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而只要我们不放弃社会的选择权，昂贵的东西就不一定只有富人才能享受。如果愿意，我们完全可以使歌剧或其他昂贵的文化形式面向那些个人没有支付能力的普通大众。但问题是我们为什么要这

22、么做?没有人会否认人类需要吃、住、防卫、健康以及接受教育。但是，即使是在史前时期的洞穴里，人们伸出手来不仅是为了吃饭、喝水或打仗，也可能是要去画画。对文化的向往，以及通过想象和表演来表达、探索世界是人类的基本愿望。在欧洲，这种愿望在我们的音乐、艺术和文学杰作里得到了体现。这些杰作是试金石，通过它们可以看出人类的思想和想 像力可能达到的程度。它们所包含的最为深刻的思想可以广为传播。If people mean anything at all by the expression untimely death, they must believe that some deaths run on a

23、better schedule than others.untimely :American Heritage Dictionary中的解释是occurring earlier than scheduled or expected；premature，beforehandearlytoo early，too soon，inopportune, ahead of time, 考生译为“英年夭折”或“早年夭折”。根据现代汉语词典，“夭折”的意思是“未成年死亡” If people mean anything at all by the expression untimely death, they

24、 must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others.大致意思是“人们相信有些人相比之下死得更是时候” Death in old age is rarely called untimelya long life is thought to be a full one. death in old age应译为“年迈而逝”、“年老而终”，或“寿终正寝” 。 But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead

25、 and the measure of that life was still to be taken.passing的意思是“去世” .You can refer to someones death as their passing, if you want to avoid using the word “death” because you think it might upset or offend people。如His passing will be mourned by many people History denies this, of course.有考生译为“历史当然不相

26、信这一套啦!”，“历史才不吃这一套呢!”甚至是“历史老人对此说不!”， Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Dean, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. summer deaths有些考生将其译为“夏天的死亡”，甚至还有考生译为“中暑而死”等等。英华大词典这样解释summer这个词n. 夏季，壮年时期；最盛期如the summer of life 壮年时期。 Writers cannot bear the fact t

27、hat poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. 不少考生将half理解为谓语动词judge的主语，把only half playfully judge their own lives as failure译为“仅有半数的作家开玩笑地说自己的一生是个失败” 所谓half playfully意思是“半开玩笑半认真地”，“半真半假地”。 The idea that the life cut short is unfil

28、led is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.短语life cut short显然也不能生硬地译为“被削短的生命”。 If something is cut short or stops shortit is stopped before people expect it to or before it has finished。如His glittering career was cut short

29、 by a heart attack。 The idea that the life cut short is unfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.impression的意思是mark left by pressing an object hard into a surface (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary) 有考生译为“生命的价值在其影

30、响、在其勃发、在其立德于世。” 现代汉语词典对“勃发”这个词的解释是1)焕发；旺盛，如英姿勃发；生机勃发；z)突然发生，如战争勃发事件。 参考译文 如果人们说起“英年早逝”的确有什么意味的话，他们一定是认为相比之下某些死亡更合天意。年迈而终很少被称作未尽天年，人们认为长寿即意味着生命的圆满。但是，如果一个年轻人与世长辞，人们便认为他最好的年华尚在后头，其前途无可限量。 然而历史否定了这种说法在有名的“英年早逝”者中，我们会想起玛丽莲梦露和詹姆斯迪恩，他们的生命既短促又圆满。约翰济慈26岁就去世了。虽然作家们难以接受这一事实，但他们过了26岁，就会半开玩笑地说他们此生是失败的视英年早逝为不圆满的

31、观念是不合逻辑的，因为衡量生命的尺度是生命留给世界的印迹，是生命的力度和美德。汉译英 世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。 世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己动手操作，自己细心观察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术、去探索科学技术的奥妙。汉译英 世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。“自然博物馆”应译为museum of natural histor