PEP人教版小升初英语语法大全

1、名 词一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体，如 worker, farmer, desk, factory等）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如 people, family 等）。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质， 如 meat, rice, water, milk, orange等）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如 work, homework, time, hea

2、lth, friendship 等）。二、可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单 数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成 复数形式的规则如下：. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s。如：book books room rooms house houses day days.以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如：bus buses glass glasses watch watches dish dishes box boxes.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如： city cities body b

3、odies factory factories 等等。.以f或fe结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：half halves leaf leaves knife knives wife，wives.特例悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。child childrenman men woman women policeman policemen policewoman-policewomentomato tomatoes potato potatoes 悄悄话： 初中 英语以o结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es ,其余的当然加-s 喽！如：photo 一 photos foot 一 fee

4、t tooth 一 teeth 悄悄话：oo 变成 ee。mouse-micefish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese 单、复数同形悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指多个民族。三、不可数名词.不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用 单数形式。如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。.有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义发生变化如：water （水）waters （ 水域 orange （ 橘汁）7 oranges （橘子）.很多的不

5、可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数, 但意义大多不发生变化。如：fruit fruits food foods fish fishes hair hairs写出下列各词的复数Ihimthisherwatchchildphotodiarydayfootbookdresstoothsheepbox_ strawberrythiefyo-yopeachsandwichmanwomanpaperjuicewatermilkricetea*用所给名词的适当形式填空。How many(sheep) are there on the hill?There is some(food) in the

6、basket.The baby has only two(tooth) now.There is a lot of(water) in the bottle.There are five(people ) in his family.Lets take(photo), OK?I have lots of(tomato) here.The(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.The(child) are playing games on the playground now.Their(dictionary) look new.I see you have a few w

7、hite(hair).They are(woman) doctors.Can you give me some bottles of(orange), please?There are many(fox) in the picture.I would like someapple(juice). I amvery thirsty.般现在时般现在时的功能.表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与always , often , usually , every day, sometimes 等连用。我每天六点起床。如：I get up at six every day.表示客观事实。如：The earth

8、goes around the sun.地球绕着 太阳转.用在格言或谚语中。如： Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。一般现在时的构成. be动词：陈述句：主语+be(am,is,are)+ 其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。否定句：主语+ be + not + 其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+ 其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?.行为动词：陈述句：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：

9、We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es如：Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 doesnt构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：Do you often play football? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问

10、句。如：Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, shedoesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?第三人称单数动词+s的变化规则. 一般情况下，直接加-s ,如：cook-cooks, milk-milks.以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾，力口-es ,如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es ,如：study-studies一般现在时练习：一、写

11、出下列动词的第三人称单数drink go stay make lookhavepass carry come watchplant flystudy brush do teach二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。He often(have) dinner at home.Daniel and Tommy(be) in Class One.We(not watch) TV on Monday.Nick(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.they(like) the World Cup?What they often(do) on Saturdays?your parents

12、(read) newspapers every day?The girl(teach) us English on Sundays.She and I(take) a walk together every evening.There(be) some water in the bottle.Mike(like) cooking.They(have) the same hobby.My aunt(look) after her baby carefully.You always(do) your homework well.I(be) ill. I m staying in bed.She(g

13、o) to school from Monday to Friday.Liu Tao(do) not like PE.The child often(watch) TV in the evening.Su Hai and Su Yang(have) eight lessons this term.一 What day(be) it today?It s Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子Daniel watches TV every evening.（ 改为否定句）I do my homework every day.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）She likes milk.（改为一般疑

14、问句，作肯定回答）Amy likes playing computer games.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）We go to school every morning.（改为否定句）He speaks English very well.（改为否定句）I like taking photos in the park.（对划线部分提问）John comes from Canada.（ 对划线部分提问）改为否定句）She is always a good student.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答）Simon and Daniel like going skating.(五、改错(划出错误

15、的地方，将正确的写在横线上)Is your brother speak English? Does he likes going fishing? He likes play games after class. Mr. Wu teachs us English. She don t do her homework on Sundays.一般过去时一般过去时的功能(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如：We visited our uncle last week.上周我们探望了我们的叔叔。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：I watched TV every day la

16、st month.上个月我每天都看电视。常和表示过去的时间状语连用表示过去的时间状语1、yesterdayYesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday evening2、lastlast night , last+ 时间(last week , last month, last year) 3、agoa moment ago (=just now ), long long ago , ”段时间 +ago” 表 示前“。如：three days ago ”4、这一组，是考试常考的，需要特别记忆！this morning , when I was

17、 five years old , in + 过去时间词(in 1998), once upon a time( 很久以前)Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am和is在一般过去时中变为 was。are在一般过去时中变为 were。带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, are - 样，即否定句在 was或 were后力口 not (was not=wasn t , were not=weren t), 一般疑问句把 was或 were调到句首。句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didn t + 动词原形，如： Jim didn t go homeyesterda

18、y. 一般疑问句：在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如： Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：. 一般在动词末尾加-ed ,如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked.结尾是 e 加 d,如：taste-tasted.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再力口 -ed ,如：stop-stopped.以“辅音字母

19、+y”结尾的，变y为i ,再加-ed ,如：study-studied过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式isamflyplantaredrinkplaygomakedoesdanceworryasktasteeatdrawputthrowkick_ passdoBe动词的过去时练习（1）一、用be动词的适当形式填空I at school just now.He at the camp last week.We students two years ago.They on the farm a moment ago.Yang Ling eleven years old last year.There

20、 an apple on the plate yesterday.There some milk in the fridge on Sunday.The mobile phone on the sofa yesterday evening.二、句型转换It was exciting.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：All the students were very excited.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：They were in his pocket.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：Be动词的过去时练习（2）一、用be动词的适当形式填空I an English teacher

21、now.She happy yesterday.They glad to see each other last month.Helen and Nancy good friends.The little dog two years old this year.Look, there lots of grapes here.There a sign on the chair on Monday.Today the second of June. Yesterday the firstof June. It Children s Day. All the students very excite

22、d.二、句型转换1. There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：肯、否定回答：三、中译英.我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。.他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。. 一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。行为动词的过去时练习(1)一、用行为动词的适当形式填空He(live) in Wuxi two years ago.The cat(eat) a bird last night.We(have) a party last Halloween.Nancy(pick) up oranges on the farm last week.

23、I(make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.They(play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.My mother(cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.The girls (sing) and(dance) at the party.二、句型转换Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：Nancy went to school early.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：We sang som

24、e English songs.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：行为动词的过去时练习(2)Name No.Date一、用be动词的适当形式填空I(watch) a cartoon on Saturday.Her father(read) a newspaper last night.We to zoo yesterday, we to the park. (go)you(visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?he(fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he.Gao Shan(pull) up carrots last Nati

25、onal Day holiday.I(sweep) the floor yesterday, but my motherWhat she(find) in the garden last morning?She(find) a beautiful butterfly.二、句型转换1. They played football in the playground.否定句：一般疑问句：肯、否定回答：三、中译英.格林先生去年住在中国。.昨天我们参观了农场。.他刚才在找他的手机。过去时综合练习(1)一、用动词的适当形式填空It(be) Ben s birthday last Friday.We all

26、(have) a good time last night.He(jump) high on last Sports Day.Helen(milk) a cow on Friday.She likes newspapers, but she a book yesterday.(read)He football now, but they basketball justnow. (play)Jim s mother(plant) trees just now.they (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, theyI(watch) a cartoon on Monda

27、y.We(go) to school on Sunday.二、中译英.我们上周五看了一部电影。.他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。.你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园.你上周在哪儿？在野营基地去时综合练习(2)Name No.Date一、用动词的适当形式填空It(be) the 2nd of November yesterday.Mr White(go) to his office by car.Gao Shan(put) the book on his head a moment ago.Don t the house. Mum it yesterday. (clean)What you

28、 just now? I some housework.(do)They(make) a kite a week ago.I want to apples. But my dad all of them lastmonth. (pick)he the flowers this morning? Yes, he.(water)She(be) a pretty girl. Look, she(do) Chinese dances.The students often(draw) some pictures in the art room.What Mike do on the farm? He c

29、ows. (milk)、中译英.他的朋友在照看他的弟弟.去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛.他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有现在进行时.现在进行时的功能(1)表示现在(说话时)正在发生的动作，一般和now,right now,at this moment 等连用。(2)也可以表示当前一段时间正在发生的事情(说话时不一定进行)，常与 this week , this month , these days (这些天)连用。如：We are writing a book this month.这个月我们正在写一本书。.现在进行时的构成肯定句：主语+be动词(am /is /are ) +动词ing+其

30、他。如：They are playing basketball now.他们现在在打篮球。He is cleaning the classroom now.他正在打扫教室。I am reading a book.我正在读一本书。否定句：主语 +be动词(am /is /are ) +not+动词ing+其他。如：They are not playing basketball now.他们现在不在打篮球。一般疑问句：Be动词+ 主语+动词ing+其他。肯定回答：Yes,主语+be动词(am /is /are )。否定回答：No,主语+be动词(am /is /are ) +not。如：Are t

31、hey playing basketball now.他们现在在打篮球吗？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句如：What are they playing now?他们现在在玩什么？但是，当疑问词为主语时，其结构为：疑问词 + be +动词ing?如：Who are playing baskerball now?谁正在打篮球？动词加ing的变化规则. 一般情况下，直接加ing,如：cook-cooking.以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 力口 ing ,如：make-making, taste-tasting.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母,再力口 ing , 如：ru

32、n-running, stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play run swim makego like write skiread have sing danceput see buy lovelive take come getstop sit begin shop二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：The boy( draw)a picture now.Listen .Some girls ( sing)in the classroom .My mother( cook )some nice food now.What you( do ) now?L

33、ook . They( have) an English lesson .They(not ,water) the flowers now.Look! the girls(dance )in the classroom .What is our granddaughter doing? She(listen ) to music.It s 5 o clock now. We(have)supper now10.Helen(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型转换：They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)The student

34、s are cleaning the classroom .(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)对划线部分I m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问）进行提问）Tom is reading books in his study .(般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做 某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day（week, month, year ）,soon, the day after tomorrow （后天）等。二、基本结构：be going to + do;如：I

35、m going to have a picnic this afternoon.will+ do.如：I will have a picnic this afternoon.三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are） l后加not或情态动词 will后加not成won t。如：I m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。如： Are you going to have a picnic this afternoon?如： Will you have

36、 a picnic this afternoon?五、特殊疑问句。一般来说有三种情况：.问人（对主语提问）。用Who如：I m going to New York soon. Wh6 s going to New Yorksoon.问干什么（对行为动词提问）。用What do.如： My father is going to watch a race with methis afternoon.What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.问什么时候（对时间提问）。When.如：She s going to go to bed

37、at nine. When is she going to bed?练习： 填空。 1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I have a picnic with my friends.I have a picnic with my friends.下个星期一你打算去干嘛？我想去打篮球。 WhatnextMonday? I play basketball.What you do next Monday? I play basketball.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。your mother go shopping this?Yes, she. She buy somefruit. 4

38、.你们打算什么时候见面。What time you meet?改句子。5.Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy going to go camping.I ll go and join them. （改否定）I go join them.I m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）meet at the bus stop at 10:30.She is going

39、 to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）she after school?My father and mother are going to see a play theday after tomorrow.（ 同上）going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空。Today is a sunny day. We（have） a picnic this afternoon.My brother（go） to Shanghai next week.Tom often （go） to scho

40、ol on foot. But todayis rain. He（go） to school by bike.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually(watch) TV and(catch) insects?It s Friday today. What she(do) thisweekend? She(watch) TV and(catch) insects.What (d0) you do last Sunday? I (pick) apples on a farm. What(do) next Sunday?I(milk) cows.M

41、ary(visit) her grandparents tomorrow.Liu Tao(fly) kites in the playgroundyesterday.David (give) a puppet show next Monday.I(plan) for my study now.形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用 more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。.形容词加er的规则：一般在词尾加 er ； tall -

42、taller -tallestfast -faster fastest以字母 e 结尾，力口 r ; large larger largest nice nicer nicest以一个元音和一个辅音结尾（重读闭音节），应双写末尾的辅音字 母，再加er ;hot hotter hottest big bigger biggest以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i ,再加er。busybusier busiest early earlier earliest多音节形容词或副词前面直接加more或mostdelicious more delicious most deliciousbeautiful

43、 more beautiful most beautiful.不规则形容词比较级：原级比较级 最高级good / well better bestbad / 川 worse worstmany / much more mostlittle less leastold older （新旧或年龄）elder （兄弟姐妹的长幼关系）oldeseldestfar farther（表示距离，译为“更远”）further（表示程度，译为“进一步的 ） farthest二、副词的比较级.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形，有动用副)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之

44、后.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同练习一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级old young tall longshortstrong big small fatthinheavy light nice goodbeautifullow high slow fastlateearly far well二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：My brother is two years(old)than me.Tom is as(fat) as Jim.Is your sister(young) than you? Yes,she is.Who is(thin),you or Helen? H

45、elen is.Whosepencil-box is (big),yours or hers? Hers is.Mary s hair is as(long) as Lucy s.Ben(jump)(high) than some of the boys in his class.Nancy sing(well) than Helen? Yes, she.Fangfang is not as(tall) as the other girls.My eyes are(big) than(she).Which is(heavy),the elephant or the pig?.Who gets

46、up(early),Tim or Tom?.the girls get up(early) than the boys?No,they. Jim runs(slow). But Ben runs(slow).The child doesn t(write) as(fast) as the students.三、翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。is than Jim ? are2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan.than David? Gao Shan .3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。pencil is ,or? is,I think.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还

47、是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。apples,your or your?My.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。as as your uncle? Yes,I am.6、他和他的朋友Jim 一样年轻。He as as Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。as as twin?No,than him.多做运动，你会更强壮。more exercise,you ll soon.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。I at Science.But I don t well inChinese.你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。you the kite than Wang bing?No,I

48、itthan.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like.All my than me.我的姐姐起得比我早。My up than me.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。the girls the boys? Yes,they.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。She doesn t in PE. But I don t than.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。 you football than yourclassmates?No,they as as me.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My than my.她的毛衣和我的一样重。sweater as as.我的连衣裙太短了。

49、我想买一条大点的。My dress too. I want to a one.Im taller than Mike .（该成用原级的比较）Im as as Mike .There be句型与have, has的区别1、There be句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)2、在there be句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is ;主语是复数， be动词用are ;如有几件物品，be动词根据最*近be动词的那个 名词决定。3、there be句型的否定句在be动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be动 词调到句首。4、there be 句型与have(has)的区别：there be 表示在某地有某 物(

50、或人)；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5、some和 any 在there be 句型中的运用：some用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在there be句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用 于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many +名词复数 + are there +介词短语？How much + 不可数名词+ is there +介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What s +介词短语？Fill in the blank with have,has” or “there is , there are

51、” 1. I a good father and a good mother.a telescope on the desk.He a tape-recorder.a basketball in the playground.She some dresses.They a nice garden.What do you?a reading-room in the building?What does Mike?any books in the bookcase?My father a story-book.a story-book on the table.any flowers in the

52、 vase?How many students in the classroom?My parents some nice pictures.some maps on the wall.a map of the world on the wall. David a telescope. David s friends some tents.many children on the hill.用恰当的be动词填空。1、There a lot of sweets in the box.2、Theresome milk in the glass.3、Theresome people under th

53、e the big tree.4、Therea picture and a map on the wall.5、There a box of rubbers near the books.Therelots of flowers in our garden last year.7、Therea tin of chicken behind thefridge yesterday.8、There four cups of coffee on the table.Fill in the blank with have, has ”I a nice puppet.He a good friend.Th

54、ey some masks.We some flowers.She a duck.My father a new bike.Her mother a vase.Our teacher an English book.Our teachers a basketball.Their parents some blanketsNancy many skirts.David some jackets.My friends a football.What do you?What does Mike?What do your friends?What does Helen?His brother a ba

55、sketball.Her sister a nice doll.Miss Li an English book.人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前 （有时候位于than之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带 上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。人称单复数人称代词物主代词反身代词Be动词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数 I me my mine myself am复数 we us our ours ourselvesare第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself are复数yourselves第三人称单数 he him his his himself isshe her her hers herself is it i