高三一轮英语总复习-Unit 2 Cloning 课件【系列四】

1、Unit2 Cloning选修八单词名词twin, breakthrough, procedure, carrier, correction, feather, objection, medium, constitution, opera, chorus, loaf, flour, assumption, turkey, regulation, drawback, decoration, claw 动词differ, undertake, cast, object, obtain, attain, forbid, accumulate, owe, retire, bother, strike,

2、 resist, adore, hatch 形容词exact, initial, commercial, straightforward, arbitrary, moral, conservative, compulsory, vain, unable, reasonable 副词altogether, shortly, merely知识归纳短语 词汇表pay off, cast down, in favour of, side road, (be) bound to (do) ., strike .into ones heart, from time to time, bring back

3、to life, in vain, in good / poor condition 课文中all the time, medical research on, be appropriate to, have a great impact on, make up ones mind, look back on, a matter of time, film maker, pass on句式. be here to stay.例句：Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.语法复习同位语1. _ vt. 扔; 投; 掷2. _ vt.

4、 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰3. _ vt. (forbade, forbad; forbidden) 禁止; 不准 4. _ vt. 崇拜; 爱慕; 喜爱5. _ vi. 退休; 离开6. _ adj. 不能的, 不会的7. _ vt. & vi. 孵出; 孵卵; 孵化 cast botherforbidadoreretireunablehatch(一)基本单词知识清单8. _ adj. 道德(上)的, 伦理的9. _ n. 程序; 步骤; 手续10. _ n. 装饰11. _ adv. 仅; 只; 不过12. _ n. 突破13. _ n. 规则; 规章; 法规14. _ n. 假定;

5、 设想15. _ vi. 获得; 赢得16. _ vt. & vi. 积累; 聚积17. _ vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手; 从事; 承担moralproceduredecorationmerelybreakthroughregulationassumption obtainaccumulateundertake18. _ n. 双胞胎之一; 孪生儿之一 adj. 成对的; 成双的19. _ adj. 简单的; 直接的; 坦 率的20. _ adv. 总共; 完全地21. _ adj. 任意的22. _ n. (pl media) 媒介; 手段; 工 具23.

6、_vt. 获得; 到达（水平、年龄、 状况等）24. _ adj. 保守的; 守旧的twinstraightforwardaltogetherarbitrarymediumattainconservative25. _ n. 宪法; 章程26. _ adj. 必须做的; 义务的; 强 迫的; 强制的27. _ vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等); 归功于28. _ adv. 立刻; 不久29. _ vt. & vi. (struck, struck) 打; 撞击; 罢工 n. 罢工30. _ adj. 虚荣的; 自负的; 徒劳的constitutioncompulsoryoweshortlystri

7、kevain1. _ vi. 相异; 不同_ adj. 不同的 2. _ adj. 精确的; 准确的_ adv. 准确地3. _ adj. 商业的; 贸易的_ n. 贸易4. _ n. 改正; 纠正; 修正_ adj. 正确的; 得体的 v. 改正; 纠正 differdifferentexactexactlycommercialcommercecorrectioncorrect(二)派生单词5. _ vi. 反对; 不赞成_ n. 不赞成; 反对; 异议 6. _ adj. 最初的; 开始的_ adv. 最初7. _ vt. 抵抗; 对抗_ n. 抵抗; 抵触; 反对; 阻力 8. _ ad

8、j. 合情理的; 讲道理的; 公 道的_ (反义) adj. 不合理的; 过度 的; 不切实际的 objectobjectioninitialinitiallyresistresistancereasonableunreasonable1. _ 得到好结果; 取得成功; 偿 清 2. _ 沮丧; 不愉快3. _ 大众传播媒体(如电视、报 纸等)4. _ 赞成; 支持5. _ 旁路; 支线; 岔道6. _ 一定或注定(做)pay offcast downthe mediain favour ofside road(be) bound to (do)(三)短语7. _ 使刻骨铭心8. _ 不时;

9、偶尔9. _ 使复生; 使复活10. _ 白费力气; 枉费心机11. _ 状况很好(坏); 情况很好(坏)strike into ones heartfrom time to timebring back to lifein vainin good/poor conditionThe initial requirement is that you need perfect DNA which gives information for how cells are to grow. 结构分析：虽然句子不长, 但却从句套从句, 共有三个从句。(四)句式1. undertake vt. (under

10、took; undertaken) 着手; 从事; 承担 课文原句: It is a difficult task to undertake. 这是一项很难完成的任务。 【归纳】 undertake sth. 承担某事 undertake to do sth. 许诺做某事; 同意做某事 undertake that 保证核心要点(一) 单词【运用】 He _ _ the money back in six months. 他保证6个月内还钱。undertook to pay/undertook that hewould pay 2. object vi. 反对; 不赞成(常接介词to) obj

11、ection n. 反对, 异议 课文原句: On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. 另一方面, 多莉羊的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对, 对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。【归纳】 object to sb. /sth. = object to doing sth./ to sb. doing sth. 不同意; 不赞成; 反对 raise an objection to sth.

12、对提出异议 have/make an objection to (doing) sth. 对表示反对 objective adj. 客观的, 就事论事的【运用】用object的适当形式填空。 1) He didnt mean _ to my proposal, but did it. 2) His idea is reasonable and _. to objectobjective3. obtain vt. 获得; 赢得 课文原句: Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are

13、 difficult to obtain, 尽管目前供克隆研究的人类卵细胞很难获得, 【归纳】 obtain sth. from. 从获得 obtain sth. through. 通过(某种方式或手段)获得 obtain还有“买到, 借到”之意。 e.g. Where can I obtain the dictionary. 我在哪儿能买到这本字典？【运用】用适当的介词填空。 1) Surfing on internet is one of my hobbies; I can obtain much knowledge _ it. 2) All people are driven to pu

14、rsue happiness in life, but the vehicles _ we obtain happiness are different. fromthrough which4. forbid vt. 禁止; 不准 课文原句: Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, . 有些政府开始改革法律制度, 明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究, 【点拨】 forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语, 但可 直接跟v.-ing作宾语, 也可用forbid sb. to do s

15、th.形式。allow/permit/advise/recommend (建议)也这样用。 e.g. He was forbidden to leave the base as a punishment. 作为惩罚, 他被禁止离开基地。 The new law forbids smoking in offices. 新法律禁止在办公室内抽烟。5. owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等); 归功于 课文原句: You owe the lady an apology. 你欠这位女士一个道歉。 【归纳】 owe sb. sth.; owe sth. to sb. 欠(债) owe sb. sth.;

16、owe sth. to sb. /sth. 归因于, 归功于, 起源于 owing to 因为, 由于【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。1) He still _ (欠我80美元) for my work.2) _ (因为下雨), we couldnt come.3) 多亏有了你我才能活下来。 I owe _ you that I am still alive.4) 我的成功应该归功于我的老师。 I _ my teachers. owes me $80Owing to the rainowe my success toit to6. bother vt./vi./n. 课文原句: However,

17、 the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 然而, 她不久之后就染上了很严重的肺病, 这个问题困扰了科学家。【归纳】 bother作动词 使烦恼, 给造成麻烦。常用结构：bother sb. that .; bother sb. with/about sth.; it bothers sb. to do sth.。如： Usually I dont bother my friends with my little affairs. Im not bothered about

18、what he thinks. Does it bother you that your wife earns more money than you? It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house. 花费时间或精力(做某事), 常用于否定句或疑问句。常用结构：bother with/about sth.; bother to do sth.; bother doing sth.。如： Its not worth bothering with an umbrella the cars just outside. He doesnt

19、bother much about his appearance. You neednt bother to travel such a long distance. Why bother asking if youre not really interested? 打扰, 搭话烦扰。如： Sorry to bother you, but theres a call for you on line two. bother作名词, 意为“麻烦, 困难; 令人烦恼的人或事”。如：Such is my father who doesnt want to put anyone to any bothe

20、r.Im sorry to be a bother, but could I have that number again?bother 干扰别人正常工作和生活, 可能是故意的。disturb 使人失去正常秩序而一时不得安宁, 语气比bother弱。trouble 指在心情上失去平衡而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便, 也常用于礼貌请求: May I trouble you for?bother/disturb/trouble【运用】完成下列句子。1) 他老是打电话给我, 使我厌烦得很。 His phoning me all the time _ _.2) 什么事令你忧虑不安经济问题吗？ Wha

21、ts _ money problems? 3) 她轻轻地开门, 以免惊扰了睡着的孩子。 She opened the door quietly so as not to _ the sleeping child.troubling youa lotdisturbbothers me7. strike vt.& vi. 打; 撞击; 罢工; 袭击; 报时; 划(火柴) n. 罢工 课文原句: The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct din

22、osaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts. 在侏罗纪公园这部影片中, 有一位科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙。类似这样的电影很受欢迎, 证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。观察句子, 写出划线部分的含义。 The clock has just struck 10. () It struck me that no one was at home. ( ) He struck the table a heavy blow angrily. () The girl

23、struck a match and lit a candle. ( ) She was struck by his kindness. () They have been on strike for several days. () A big earthquake struck the area last week. ()报时突然想起打, 击划(火柴)打动罢工袭击【归纳】 strikewith 用敲打 strike against 撞到 It strikes sb. that. 某人突然意识到 be struck by 被打动; 深受感动 be on strike 在罢工【运用】根据汉语意

24、思完成句子。1) He was so angry that he _ his fist. 他气得用拳头砸桌子。2) The visitors _ the beauty of the tourist area. 游客被旅游区的美景迷住了。3) _ that we could use a computer to do the job. 突然想到我们可以用电脑去做这项工作。were struck bystruck the table withIt suddenly struck me8. vain adj. 虚荣的; 自负的; 徒劳的 课文原句: All efforts of cloning an

25、animal will be in vain if there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome illness. 如果某个动物群体没有足够的多样性以战胜疾病, 那么克隆这种动物的所有努力都将是无用的。必会in advance 提前in charge 主管in debt 负债in order 井然有序in progress 有进展in return 作为回报in theory 从理论上【归纳】 in vain 白费力气; 枉费心机【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。1) She closed her eyes tightly _ to

26、hold back the tears. 她紧闭双眼, 却无法忍住眼泪。2) 我们所有的努力都付诸东流了。 All our efforts were _.in vainin a vain attempt9. resist v. 课文原句: The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 其优点是,

27、如果发生了某种新的疾病, 这类 动物中的一些可能会死去, 而另一些却能存 活下来, 并且把这种抗疫力传给下一代。【归纳】 抵抗, 回击, 反抗。如： She was charged with resisting arrest. The soldiers resisted (the enemy attacks) for two days. 抵制, 阻挡。其后接动词作宾语时, 要用动词-ing形式。如： The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates. 忍住, 抵挡。其后接动词作宾语时, 要用 动词-ing形式。如： John couldnt r

28、esist showing off his new car. 不受(某事物)的损害或影响, 抗, 耐。如: A healthy diet should help your body resist infection. We need a kind of glass that resists heat.【拓展】 resistance n. 抵抗, 反抗, 电阻, 抵抗力 resistant adj. 抵抗的, 有抵抗力的课文原句:But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a

29、 breakthrough the cloning of Dolly the sheep. 但是, 科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报, 这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆“多莉”的诞生。 1. pay off 得到好结果; 取得成功; 偿清 (二)短 语【归纳】 pay sb. for sth. = pay sth. to sb. for sth. 付钱给某人作为的费用 pay for sth. 为某事吃苦头或受惩罚; 花钱 买某物 pay back 还钱; 报复 pay attention to 注意 pay a visit to 访问 pay out (为某事)付出大笔款项【运用】根据汉语意

30、思完成句子。 Sometimes we have had to _ deadly _ mistakes. 有时候我们不得不为错误付出沉重的代价。 He _ by not coming. 他以不来的方式报复了我。 With the help of a lot of people, our plan _ (成功了).pay forpaid me backpaid off2. in favour of 支持, 赞成 课文原句: Is it in favour of cloning or against it？ 它是赞成克隆行为还是反对？ 【拓展】 与in favour of 同义或反义的常用短语：

31、approve of 赞同, 赞许 be for 赞成, 主张 on ones side 在某人一边 be against 反对 object to 不赞成, 反对必会owe sb. a favour 欠某人人情do sb. the favour to do sth.帮某人做某事in sb.s favour/in favour of sb.对某人有利的do sb. a favourdo a favour for sb.帮某人忙3. in good/poor condition 状况很好(坏); 情况很好(坏) 课文原句: The dodo became extinct fairly recen

32、tly so its DNA is still in good condition. 渡渡鸟灭绝时间相当近, 因此它的DNA仍然状况良好。 【归纳】 out of condition 健康状况欠佳 working/living/studying condition 工作/生活/学习环境 on condition (that) 在条件下; 倘若 on no condition 决不; 一点也不(放在句首, 句子用部分倒 装)【运用】 Travellers are advised not to fly because of _ _ _. 因为天气情况恶劣, 旅行者们被劝告不 要乘飞机。 The e

33、mployees agreed to speak to us _ _ _ they wouldnt be named. 那几位雇员同意与我们谈谈, 条件是不 要说出他们的名字。poor weather conditionson condition that(三)句式Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.克隆一直与我们同在， 而今它还要持续下去。“be here to stay” 是习语, 意思是 “be accepted and used by most people (被普遍接受; 成为风尚)”。e.g. It looks a

34、s if televised trials are here to stay. 看来电视直播审判已为大多数人所接受。【考例】1. Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? Yeah, but I have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities. A. when B. why C. that D. how 引导同位语从句, 对idea作进一步的解释。由thats one of his favorite universi

35、ties可知, 不知道他拒绝那所大学的原因。同位语从句点拨语法2. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. A. how B. that C. which D. whether 引导同位语从句, 对belief作进一步的解释, 又因从句意义完整且不缺任何成分。 3. The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting woul

36、d be postponed. A. when B. that C. whether D. how 引导同位语从句, 对notice作进一步的解释, 又因从句意义完整且不缺任何成分。【拓展】同位语从句与定语从句的区别：1. 同位语从句是名词性的, 其功能是说明名词的内容; 定语从句是形容词性的, 其功能通常是修饰先行词, 对先行词加以限定, 说明其性质、特征等。2.引导同位语从句的that是连接词, 在从句中没有含义、不作成分, 一般不能省略; 引导定语从句的that是关系代词, 可作主语、宾语或表语, 作宾语时可省略。如： The news that our team has won the

37、 match is encouraging. (同位语从句) The news (that) we heard on the radio yesterday was true. (定语从句)【运用】用适当连接词/关系词完成短文。 Working parents often put their kids in day care center. While most parents interviewed say they are satisfied with the day care 1. _ they use, experts have the belief 2. _ only about 1

38、2 percent of children receive high quality care. Many parents really have no idea 3. _ good their day care service is. that/whichthathowWhen choosing a day care center, of course parents want to know how much it costs. But there are many other questions 4. _ parents should ask. Parents need to know

39、if the caregiver is loving and responds to the childs needs. Does the caregiver hug the child, talk to the child, play with the child? However, experts make the suggestion 5. _ parents should not put their babies in child care center for the first four months. During this time, it is important for b

40、abies to form an attachment to their mothers.that/whichthat【写作任务】最近有一名美国留学生在你校英文论坛发帖称，家庭作业不仅占用了他大量的业余时间，而且毫无必要。请你写一篇英语短文回复他的帖子，列举理由（至少三点）来反驳他的观点。 注意：词数100左右。如何写观点论证型议论文写作【写作指导】一、审题定调 该习作要求反驳对方“家庭作业毫无必要”的观点，是一篇观点论证型议论文。因此写作时首先应该根据提示阐明自己的观点，然后围绕这一观点进行论证，论证过程要做到层次分明、有理有据。人称以第一人称为主，时态以一般现在时为主。二、谋篇布局 就本篇

41、习作而言，我们可以把全文分为三部分： 第一部分: 引出话题，阐明观点(就对方观点提出反对意见)； 第二部分: 分层论述(家庭作业能够帮助学生复习和预习、培养学生的自学能力、向老师反馈学生对知识的掌握情况); 第三部分: 总结全文, 重申态度(适量合理的家庭作业对学生的学习有促进作用)。三、组织语言就本篇习作而言，每个部分可围绕以下内容组织语言。1. 第一部分：引出话题，阐明观点。普通表达高级表达Im sorry to hear that . but I dont agree that .Hearing ., I feelsympathetic towardsyou. However, in m

42、yopinion, .You say / think /believe . However, I would say / think / believe .In your opinion, . Asfar as Im concerned .普通表达高级表达By doing homework, we can practice what we have learned and prepare for the new lessons.Homework ensures /guarantees review andpreview.Homework helps usdevelop / is good fo

43、rdeveloping abilities tostudy independently /on our own.Homework is beneficialto the development ofself-study abilities /competence.2. 第二部分：分层论述。普通表达高级表达Homework allows ourteachers to find outwhether we understandthe subject or not / howwell or how badly weare performing.Homework providesfeedback to

44、 ourteachers.If we perform badly,our teachers will try tohelp us.If we do a poor job, ourteachers will takemeasures to help us.普通表达高级表达Therefore, I think . helps . a lot.All in all, . is Good for .To sum up / In conclusion, .is of great benefit to .According to the above, we can conclude / draw the

45、conclusion that . is beneficial / of great benefit to .3. 第三部分：总结全文，重申态度。【范文展示】 普通范文 Im sorry to hear that your homework takes up too much of your spare time but I dont agree that homework is unnecessary. Firstly, by doing homework, we can practicewhat we have learned and prepare for the new lessons

46、. Secondly, homework helps us develop abilities to study independently. For example, some homework needs investigating, summarizing, analyzing and evaluating. These are all important skills. Thirdly, homework allows our teachers to find out whether we understand the subject or not. If we perform bad

47、ly, our teachers will try to help us. Therefore, I think proper amounts of homework in proper forms can help us a lot. 高级范文 Hearing your homework takes up too much of your spare time, I feel sympathetic towards you. However, in my opinion, homework is an essential part of learning process. Firstly,

48、homework ensures review and preview. In addition, homework is beneficial to thedevelopment of self-study abilities. For example,some assignments involve investigating,summarizing, analyzing and evaluating, whichare all important skills. Finally, homework provides feedback to our teachers. If we do a

49、 poor job, our teachers will take measures to help us. In conclusion, proper amounts of homework in proper forms are of great benefit to us.1. I just need to make a few _ (correct), and then we can send it to the printer.2. We may ask her a few questions to make sure we know _ (exact) what she wants

50、.3. You could press the flowers that were used at the event and then use them as the _ (decorate).I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。exactly巩固练习correctionsdecoration4. Im sure there is a perfectly _ (reason) explanation for his absence.5. The only _ (object) I have is that it may cost more than expected.6. Your argum

51、ent is based on a completely false _ (assume).objectionassumptionreasonableII. 把下列句子改写为含同位语(从句)的复 合句, 并使句意基本保持不变。1. A new kind of carrier rocket has successfully finished its first flight and the news is very exciting. The news that a new kind of carrier rocket has successfully finished its first fl

52、ight is very exciting.2. The sick elephant, the one in the third cage, attacked its trainer. The sick elephant that was in the third cage attacked its trainer.3. Ann thinks money is the most important thing in life and I dont agree with her opinion. I dont agree with Anns opinion that money is the most important thing in life.4. Bill and Eric are our neighbors and they are going toDis