被动语态基本用法课件

1、被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。 牛牛文库文档分享第1页，共42页。 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Passive Voice)A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us. 牛牛文库文档分享第2页，共42页。We speak English.主语谓语宾语English is

2、 spoken by us.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态They cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 牛牛文库文档分享第3页，共42页。 何时使用被动语态呢？ 一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如： Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如： My bike was stolen我的自行车被盗了。 牛牛文库文档分享第4页，共4

3、2页。三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说 It is supposed that 牛牛文库文档分享第5页，共42页。四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被Paul叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He

4、was born in October，1989 牛牛文库文档分享第6页，共42页。 the Structure is助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 (be+V.P.P) 牛牛文库文档分享第7页，共42页。1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch-watched2)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice-practiced3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-edstudy-studied4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母， 先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop-stopped2.不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewrit

5、ewrittengogone 牛牛文库文档分享第8页，共42页。2)被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如：The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday. 牛牛文库文档分享第9页，共42页。在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be

6、+ 过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。典型题例例1 将下列句子改为被动语态。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day. 牛牛文库文档分享第10页，共42页。主变被解题步骤:1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数.arewere3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词 made5. 修改原句的主语 -即by+

7、 主语. by them. 牛牛文库文档分享第11页，共42页。 Tom broke the window.The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows.The windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows.The windows were broken by him. 牛牛文库文档分享第12页，共42页。1.They make shoes in that factory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般现在时：

8、S(主语）+am/is /are(not) +过去分词变为被动语态 牛牛文库文档分享第13页，共42页。He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.The motorbike is ridden to his factory (by him) every day. 牛牛文库文档分享第14页，共42页。We call the snowman Mr Strong.The snowman is called Mr Strong (by us). 牛牛文库文档分享第15页，共42页。A computer is used in our class ev

9、ery day. computer, use, class 牛牛文库文档分享第16页，共42页。2. They bought ten computers last year Ten computers were bought (by them) last year.一般过去时：S+was/were(not) +过去分词 牛牛文库文档分享第17页，共42页。He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.His friend was bought some fruits (by him) yesterday.Some fruits were bought f

10、or his friend (by him) yesterday. 牛牛文库文档分享第18页，共42页。 bank, rob yesterdayman-made satellite, send up, space, last yearA man-made satellite was sent up into space last year.The bank was robbed yesterday. 牛牛文库文档分享第19页，共42页。3Amy can take good care of the cat The cat can be taken good care of by Amy.情态动词

11、：S+ can/may/must/should(not) + be+过去分词 牛牛文库文档分享第20页，共42页。He can carry the basket easily.The basket can be easily carried by him. 牛牛文库文档分享第21页，共42页。They can sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songs can be sung by them. 牛牛文库文档分享第22页，共42页。“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought .“They m

12、ust be put in the fridge (by us).”The dogs thought. 牛牛文库文档分享第23页，共42页。4.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般将来时：S+ will+ (not) be+过去分词 牛牛文库文档分享第24页，共42页。They will have a show tomorrow.A show will be had (by them) tomorrow. 牛牛文库文档分享第25页，共42页。send to,

13、 hospital, right now a talk, give , soonThey will be sent to the hospital right now.A talk will be given soon. 牛牛文库文档分享第26页，共42页。_ this house_(sell) by the King?The little girl is so prettythat she _(admire) by all people when she grows up. Will be soldwill be admired 牛牛文库文档分享第27页，共42页。The streets_(

14、light) by electricity. I _(not invite)to tomorrows wedding. will be litwill/ shall not be invited 牛牛文库文档分享第28页，共42页。will not be done 否定结构Dogs will not be allowed to enter your classroom. allow 牛牛文库文档分享第29页，共42页。smokingstadiumallowSmoking will not be allowed in the stadium. 牛牛文库文档分享第30页，共42页。Rewrite

15、the letter in future Passive Voicewill ( not) be done 牛牛文库文档分享第31页，共42页。The Olympic Game will be held in London.Many things _(do) for the Game. 30 billion yuan _on the projects. An Olympic Village_for the athletes and some hotels_for the visitors to stay in. The roads _(make) wider and better and tr

16、ees and flowers _along the roads. The new Stadiums will be completed (complete) before 2012. Many volunteers_ (train) for the game. will be donewill be spentwill be builtwill be builtwill be madewill be plantedwill be trained 牛牛文库文档分享第32页，共42页。Many policemen _(send) keep order. During the 2012 Olymp

17、ic Game, the best athletes _(choose) to compete and they _(encourage) to do their best.will be sentwill be chosenwill be encouraged 牛牛文库文档分享第33页，共42页。dirty river 牛牛文库文档分享第34页，共42页。polluted air (受污染的) 牛牛文库文档分享第35页，共42页。crowded hospital(拥挤的） 牛牛文库文档分享第36页，共42页。 too many cars 牛牛文库文档分享第37页，共42页。traffic jams (塞车） 牛牛文库文档分享第38页，共42页。crowded classroom（拥挤的） 牛牛文库