商务英语信函教学课件

1、 一封正式的英文书信通常包括下面几个组成部分：信头(Heading)、信内地址(Inside Address)、称呼(Salutation)、正文(Body)、结束语(Complimentary Close)、签名(Signature)、附件(Enclosure)、副本转送(Carbon Copies)、再启(Postscript)等。英文书信的组成部分第1页，共61页。关于称呼不认识的人：Dear Sir/Madam认识但不熟悉的人：Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms./ Dr./ Prof. Smith朋友：Dear Mary第2页，共61页。关于结束语写给机关、团体或不认识的人：Yours

2、 truly, Truly yours, Yours faithfully, Yours sincerely写给长者或上级：Yours respectfully, Respectfully yours, Yours obediently 朋友或亲戚：Yours, Ever yours, Yours ever, Yours affectionately, Lovingly yours, (Much) Love, With Love, Your devoted friend第3页，共61页。信件常用称呼和落款用法情况称呼落款未知收信人姓名Dear Sir(s)Dear MadamDear Sir

3、or MadamYours FaithfullyFaithfully Yours知道收信人的姓名，但关系一般Dear Mr. BushDear Ms. BushDear Dr. BushDear Prof. BushYours SincerelySincerely Yours知道收信人姓名且关系亲密Dear MaryDear SmithBest regardsBest wishesLoveWith (Lots of ) Love第4页，共61页。英文书信的基本原则 英文书信的书写可概括为7个C原则：Completeness （完整）, Clarity（清楚）, Concreteness（具体）

4、, Conciseness（简明）, Correctness（正确）, Courtesy（谦恭）, Consideration（谅解）。第5页，共61页。 商务信函 Business Letter第6页，共61页。ContentDefinitionLayout/TypeLanguage FeaturesTranslation Principles Practice & Analyses第7页，共61页。Definition第8页，共61页。书信是日常生活中常用的文体，是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具。书信一般可分为商务信函或公函（Business Letter

5、or Official Correspondence）和私人信件（Private Letter）两大类。商务信函：商务往来中的信件，是“人们互相联系，彼此交往，交流思想，沟通信息，洽谈事物所使用的一种应用文体。”英语商务信函的格式与汉语的信函格式有明显区别，应先确定商务信函各要素的含义，然后再进行得体的翻译。Definition第9页，共61页。Layout & Type第10页，共61页。Layout of a Business Letter 商业信函的格式Three major formsIndented Form 缩格式Blocked Form 齐头式Modified Blocked F

6、orm 改良齐头式第11页，共61页。缩格式示例日期靠右具体收信人和事由居中段首缩格结尾敬语和落款偏右第12页，共61页。除信头外全部左对齐段落之间用空格齐头式示例第13页，共61页。案号和日期靠右落款偏右改良齐头式示例第14页，共61页。Envelope Addressing 信封格式第15页，共61页。写信人在上，收信人在下信封格式不一, 根据收信人名称地址的写法通常分两种格式：缩格式：收信人名称地址逐行右缩齐头式：收信人名称地址左端对齐第16页，共61页。缩格式举例收信人名称地址：逐行右缩写信人名称地址第17页，共61页。齐头式举例写信人名称地址收信人名称地址：左端对齐第18页，共61页

7、。Parts ? 英语商务信函的构成基本部分其他部分信头(Letter Head),日期(Date), 封内地址(Inside Address), 称呼(Salutation or Greeting), 信的正文(Body of the Letter), 结束礼词(Complimentary Close), 签名(Signature)附件(EnclosureEnc.), 附言(PostscriptP.S.), 经办人姓名(Attention Line), 事由(Subject or Heading), 查号或参考编号(Reference No.), 抄送(Carbon Copy Notatio

8、n C.C.)第19页，共61页。英文商务信函的格式和结构信头 letter head编号（写信人的名字缩写）和日期 The sender name and the date信内地址 The inside address事由 The subject heading/主办人 (Attention)称呼 The salutation开头语 The open sentences正文 The body of the letter结尾语 The complimentary close结束敬语 The complimentary close签名 The signature/职务 (Position)打字员

9、或拟稿人员首字母(Initials)附件 (Enclosure/Enc)抄送 (Carbon copy/C.C.)附言 (Postscript/P.S)第20页，共61页。标题发函字号收函单位或收件人姓名正文结束套语发函单位或发函人姓名发函时间附件中文商务信函的结构第21页，共61页。Opening/Contact Para.Main BodyClosing Para.第22页，共61页。Type第23页，共61页。建立业务关系函 (cooperation intention)产品推销函 (promotion)资信查询函 (credit inquiry)询盘函 (inquiry)发盘还盘函 (

10、offer and counter-offer)订购函 (purchase)装运通知函 (shipment)支付结算函 (payment)索赔函 (claim)保险函 (insurance)商务信函分类：10种商务信函涵盖了商品交易过程中的各个环节。第24页，共61页。Language Features第25页，共61页。词法特征第26页，共61页。（1）用词规范正式，多用书面语商务信函用语日常用语中译文in accordance withaccording to根据in advance of / prior to before 之前inform / advisetell通知duplicate

11、copy副本dispatchsend发货otherwiseor否则thereforeso因此In connection with/ in view ofabout鉴于第27页，共61页。我们确认已经以电报的方式给你们发出了一项实盘，该实盘成立的条件就是你们的答复在10月10日之前到达我们这里。1.现确认已向贵方电发实盘，10月10日前复到有效。We confirm that we have sent you a firm offer by telegraph and it is subject to your reply reaching us by October 10. We confir

12、m having cabled you a firm offer subject to your reply reaching us by October 10.第28页，共61页。2.We are pleased to advise you that your order NO.105 has been dispatched in accordance with your instruction. 我们很高兴地通知你们：第105号订单货物已遵照你方指示运出。第29页，共61页。2）用词准确、专业性强：大量使用专业术语、缩略语coverage覆盖？ 险种 险别Your information

13、as to the coverage you would like would be appreciated.敬请告知贵方希望的险种。 draft草稿 ？ 汇票As to the affairs on negotiation of draft, we would like to have them preformed at the Bank of Taiwan, Taipei.有关汇票之承兑事宜，本公司希望由台北的台湾银行完成。 第30页，共61页。ceiling 天花板？ 最高费用We shall write and ask for their ceiling for the adverti

14、sing project and then we can budget accordingly.我们将写信询问他们广告项目的最高费用，然后相应做出预算。第31页，共61页。Payment shall be made by irrevocable L/C at sight to be opened in our favour.货款必须用以我方为受益人而开立的、不可撤销的即期信用证支付。到岸价CIF (cost, freight and insurance)离岸价FOB(free on board)成本加运费CFR (cost and freight)形式发票proforma invoice第32

15、页，共61页。3. 多采用礼貌客气的措辞1.敬请优先考虑上述请求。Your priority to the consideration of the above request will be appreciated.2.恳请寄给我方贵方价格单和产品目录。 Please kindly send us your price list and catalogue.3.承蒙早日回复，不胜感激。 Your early reply is highly appreciated.第33页，共61页。4.用词简洁明了，尽量避免使用修辞手法感谢贵方合作。I wish to thank you, for you

16、have cooperated with us well.Thank you for your kind cooperation.第34页，共61页。句法特征第35页，共61页。1. 多用复合句1. In order to enable us to capture a part of the market for you, we sincerely hope that you will make us a further concession, for example, a discount of 15% instead of 10% as you planned to give us on

17、an order worth approximately US$ 10,000.为使我方替贵方打开一片市场，真诚希望贵方给予我方更多优惠，譬如， 按贵方计划，订单总值约10000美元，给予我方15%的折扣，而非10%。 第36页，共61页。2. Your company is made up of a strong team of software experts, so you will surely succeed in developing competitive systems with such powerful technical forces. 贵公司拥有一支由软件专家组成的庞大

18、队伍，技术力量相当雄厚，必定能够开发出具有竞争力的软件系统。第37页，共61页。2.多用陈述句（1）英语商务信函多用陈述句，少用祈使句；汉语多使用祈使句。敬请立刻修改信用证以便我方及时发货。 Please immediately amend the L/C to enable us to make timely shipment.We should be obliged for your immediate amendment of the L/C to enable us to make timely shipment.第38页，共61页。3. 大量使用套语回复对方的来信时用：兹回复贵方（某

19、日）来函In reply to your letter of (+日期)/ Regarding your letter of (+日期)/ Referring to your letter of (+日期)希望对方回复时用：如蒙答复，当不胜感激。/敬请回复。/敬请（速）回复。Your kind reply will greatly oblige us. Your (prompt) reply would be appreciated.盼复Looking forward to your positive/favourable/affirmative reply第39页，共61页。收到对方来函时用

20、：贵函敬悉/贵函收悉We are in receipt of your letter/ We acknowledge receipt of your letter/ We admit receipt of your letter 表示通知对方时：特此奉告We are pleased to inform you特此函告Notice is hereby given that第40页，共61页。随函附上某物时用：同函奉上/ 随函附上 Enclosed we hand/ Enclosed please find/ We are enclosing表示礼貌委婉的语气用：感谢贵方 Thank you fo

21、r很高兴We are glad/ pleased to 对深表感激We are grateful (obliged) for非常遗憾 We regret to甚为遗憾 We are very sorry to第41页，共61页。4. 少用否定句请贵方来函内容更清楚些，这样我方便可立即接受贵方报盘。 a. Your letter is not clear at all and I cannot understand it.b. If I understood your letter correctly, I would immediately accept your offer.第42页，共61

22、页。一旦我方收到贵方支票，会马上填写订货单。a. We cannot fill your order because you failed to send your check.b. We shall be glad to fill your order as soon as we receive your check.第43页，共61页。5. 适当使用被动结构英语商务信函适当使用被动语态；汉语则很少使用被动语态望尽快报盘。Make the offer as soon as possible.It is hoped that the offer is made as soon as possi

23、ble.第44页，共61页。Your prices have been agreed on with one exception.贵公司所提供的价格已经同意，但有一项例外。We shall be obliged if you will let us know your lowest CIF New York price for 100 sets of your classical furniture No. 628.敬请告知贵公司628型100套古典家俱纽约到岸价的最低价格。第45页，共61页。语篇特征商务信函术语比较正式的公文体，行文端正，用字洗练，具有七个语篇特征，即7”C”原则：礼貌原则

24、(courtesy)体谅原则(consideration)完整原则(completeness) 清楚原则(clarity)简洁原则(conciseness)具体原则(concreteness)正确原则(correctness)第46页，共61页。一、礼貌原则(courtesy)COURTESY译成“礼貌”。但是根据西方国家函电书籍作者普遍的看法，所谓COURTESY是“客气而又体谅人”的意思。这样的形式很多，现在提供一些常见的供参考： （一） 把命令变成请求的常用形式： Please, Will you., Will you please.,如： a) Will you give us mor

25、e detailed information on your requirement? b) Will you please (kindly) let us hear from you on these two points?第47页，共61页。（二） 虚拟式（Past Subjunctive Form）如： a) Would you compare our sample with the goods of other firms? b) We would ask you to ship the goods by the first available vessel. c) We wish y

26、ou would let us have your reply soon. d) This would seem to confirm our opinion. e) We should be grateful if you would help us with your suggestion. f) We might be of some service to you in a similar case. 第48页，共61页。（三） 缓和用法（Mitigation） 为了缓和过分强调或刺激对方，常用: We are afraid, we would say, we may(or, might

27、) say, we(would) think, it seems(or would seem) to us, we(would) suggest, as you are (or: may be) aware, as we need hardly point out等等表达法来缓和语气，如：a) It was unwise of you to have done that. We would say that it was unwise of you to have done that.b) You ought to have done it. It seems to us that you o

28、ught to have done it. c) We cannot comply with your request. We are afraid we cannot comply with your request. d) Our products are the very best on the market. We might say that our products are the very best on the market.第49页，共61页。二、体谅原则 (consideration)强调从对方角度考虑问题，体谅对方，以对方为重。多用疑问句或陈述句代替祈使句表示建议或请求。

29、Isnt it time you put your business on the Web?现在不正是您进行电子商务的最佳时机吗？三、具体原则(concreteness)明确不能含糊We regret that a mistake was made in handling your order. The mistake is entirely our own and we apologize for the inconveniences it has caused.第50页，共61页。四、完整原则(completeness)Cellulose Tape 1/2x 3yds, with plas

30、tic dispenser 700 doz./ditto-but 1/2“ x 5 yds, 1,000doz.” 这是出口商接到的一份定单中有关商品品名，规格和数量的内容。“纤维素带（幅）宽半英寸，长码，带塑料包装容器，0打；同上，但（幅）宽半英寸，长码，打。” 问题是后半句不清楚。 “ditto”在这里表示前面提到的纤维素带，但不能包括“带塑料包装容器”，因此，幅英寸长码的纤维素带是否要塑料包装容器没有说清楚，不完整。改成： “Cellulose Tape 1/2”x 3yds, with plastic dispenser 700 doz. Cellulose Tape 1/2“ x 5

31、yds，with plastic dispenser 1000 doz.“ 这样既完整，又清楚明确，不引起误解。第51页，共61页。五、清晰原则(clarity)避免使用可能产生不同理解或意义不明确的词例如： As to the steamers sailing from Hongkong to San Francisco, we have bimonthly direct services. (从香港到旧金山有直达船，) 但是bimonthly 究竟是一个月两次呢，还是两个月一次？不明确。第52页，共61页。六、简洁原则 (conciseness)简洁是有客观标准的。虽然西方国家的作者之间在

32、怎样用词才算简洁方面还是有争论的，不过他们的一些看法还是有一定参考价值的。 怎样才能使商业书信“简洁”？ 西方国家作者有很多建议，先介绍如下：（一） 避免使用陈旧的商业术语 陈旧的与传统的商业术语（Commercial jargon）对信的内容没有什么作用，应该避免使用。第53页，共61页。Wordy: We take liberty to approach you with the request that you would be kind enough to introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your cities.

33、 Would you please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city? Concise: Please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city. 第54页，共61页。（二） 要长话短说，避免罗嗦 通常商业人士每天需要阅读大量的书信，对开门见山，长话短说，直接切题的信特别欢迎。因此， 写信要力求长话短说， 例如： We express our regret at being unable to fulfill your order on this occasion.改为 We are sorry we cannot meet