专题08阅读理解（知识串讲名校最新期末真题15篇）

1、专题08阅读理解15篇（知识串讲+名校最新期末真题）.先看问题，再读文章做阅读理解是先看问题，还是先看文章，这是很多同学经常问的问题。我觉得这两种方法各有利 弊，应视具体情况而定。就阅读广告而言，还是先看问题比拟好，因为广告类的试题绝大局部是寻找信息的题目，大可不必从头读到尾，带着问题有针对性地去跳读、略读，这样就可以节约不少时间。.抓住广告的标题如果广告有标题，大标题下又有小标题，那么，快速寻找原文信息时，这些标题就成了很重要的线索，可以帮助我们快速准确地找到答案。有些题目考查的就是对广告标题的理解。.逐项比拟，得出最正确做阅读理解题，切不可凭主观印象，想当然地确定答案。任何一道题目，均可以

2、在原文中找到相关线索，这就如同破译密码一样。做题人的思维过程和编题人的思维过程恰好相反，编题人先找好线索，然后设计问题和选项，解题人根据问题，再去文中找相关线索。因此，我们做题时要逐项比拟，排 除错误选项，得出最正确答案。.吃透文章文章大意和中心思想任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨和中心。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章 的主旨大意，从这一段或这个句子，我们就会知道文章描述的是什么（即文章的主题），也会了解作者 希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义那么需从文章的字里行间去浓缩去推断。这 类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会驾驭大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的

3、要求。.理解文中具体信息文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要, 同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人员往往会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获 得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。这类试题有时比拟直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时 那么较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。.根据上下文语境，准确推断生词的词义正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根 本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的 语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，

4、才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能 力。此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推 断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的 能力，因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。26. What did the new research focus on?The balance between napping and health.The ties between facial features and names.The connections between sleep and memory.The cau

5、se-effect between reactivation and learning.What is Whitmore 5s attitude towards the research?A. Uncaring.B. Opposed.C. Doubtful.D. Supportive.Which statement is true about the 24 participants?A. They were students from different majors.B , They showed good ability to recognize faces.C. They perform

6、ed better after continuous sleep.D. They improved identification by EEG checking.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A. Expectations for the future study.B. Concerns about the present research.C. Methods of screening out information.D. Explanations of the activated memory level.（2022-山东山东

7、高一期末）Unlike thousands of tourists who hike in Yellowstone National Park to admire its natural landscape and hot springs every year, Abdelrhman Mohamed was traveling with a team of scientists to hunt for life within the hot springs.After several hours of hiking in the Heart Lake Geyser Basin area, th

8、e team found four unpolluted pools of hot water. They carefully left a few electrodes （电极）placed into the land next to the water, hoping to attract little- known creatures out of hiding bacteria 移卅菌）that can “ eat and breathe electricity.After 32 days, the team returned to the hot springs to collect

9、 the electrodes. Working with other scientists, Mohamed had a look at the electrodes and found that they had succeeded in catching their small game: heat- loving bacteria that breathe “ electricity through the hard surface of the electrodes. These tiny creatures are not only of research interest, th

10、ey may also hold a key to solving some of the biggest challenges facing humans.As a means of fighting environmental pollution and creating more energy sources, such bacteria can eat ” pollution by changing deadly pollutants into less harmful matter and producing electricity in the process. As these

11、bacteria pass their electrons （电子）into metals or other hard surfaces, they can produce a stream of electricity that can be used fbr low power applications,said Haluk Beyenal, a famous university professor of chemistry.Though the researchers did not detail exactly how they would be continuing their w

12、ork with the bacteria, it will hopefully lead to an exciting new tool for fighting climate change and pollution in the near future.Why did the scientists hike in Yellowstone National Park?A. To enjoy its good view.B. To look for fresh water.C. To find the cause of pollution.D. To search for special

13、bacteria.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning this research?A. Its purpose.B. Its finding.C. Its conclusion.D. Its significance.How do such bacteria eat pollution according to this research?By breaking down harmful matter with electricity.By creating more energy sources in hot water.By

14、 using low-power apps for environmental protection.By sopping the pollutants producing electricity.What is the authors attitude towards this research?A. Doubtful.B. Concerned.C. Positive.D. Unfriendly.（2022山东山东高一期末）If you9 ve just got a new VR helmet （头盔）but your pockets are empty, you can still hav

15、e fun. Here are some free apps for new users.Google Earth VRThere is no better app for introducing new users to virtual reality than Google Earth VR. Users can walk through anywhere Google has sent Street View cameras, and thats almost everywhere on earth. Everyone at your New Years Eve party will w

16、ant to walk through their childhood hometown, find their apartment, and see whats going on in Tokyo.Beat Saber DemoBeat Saber is one of the most popular VR games ever made, and its easy to see why. Apart from the exciting music, it even provides a good workout. The demo comes with two songs and an i

17、nstruction just enough material to make you say, “ I want to do this all the time. Here are my credit card numbers. ”Epic Roller CoastersRiding roller coasters and virtual reality go together like bread and butter. Because the users dont have to do anything to play this one, its a perfect introducti

18、on to VR for older people and non-gamers who might get confused by all the buttons on the controller.Rec RoomRec Room is intended for younger players, and it lets you create a full-body avatar, play mini-games, and tour thousands of user-created rooms. Plus, you can play it in non-virtual reality.Wh

19、at can new users do with Google Earth VR?A. Shoot a film.B. Throw a party.C , Visit their hometown.D. Make friends in Tokyo. 35. What can a player do with Beat Saber Demo? A. Find an apartment.B. Exercise to music.C , Shop by credit card.D. Ride roller roasters. 36. Which is specially designed for y

20、oung players? A. Google Earth VR.B. Beat Saber Demo.C. Epic Roller Coasters.D. Rec Room.（2022吉林东北师范大学附属实验学校高一期末）A 28-year-old young man, Nilay Agarwal, says that he had always dreamed of making efforts to remove hunger but it was only after a life-changing incident （事件） that he started to do somethi

21、ng about it.In 2018, Nilay lost a friend due to a car accident, which made him realize how lucky he was to be here with all the dreams that he had. So he decided not to waste a single moment and started contributing his time to a meaningful career.With zero knowledge about setting up a social organi

22、zation, Nilay simply made a few cookies and distributed them in a nearby welfare organization at first. Employing social media, he uploaded a video of the activity online. “At first, people laughed at me. They didnt believe I was serious or had any long-term plans. But I knew I was going to go on un

23、til my actions effected a change J he says.When one after the other similar deeds by this lone fighter were noticed, people began to trusted his efforts and started to join him. Sankalp Tandon, one of Nilays friends, decided to help him upon seeing his work. Afterwards, the Vishalakshi Foundation wa

24、s set up in memory of his friend. Then it developed its first programme-the Project Hunger.As he says, no one has a stronger will than the youth of a country. Considering this as his only resource, he started encouraging students of Delhi University to join the programme. He first appointed some lea

25、ders in 22 colleges. They then went on reaching out to others to join the organization and form volunteer groups in their colleges. Meanwhile, online crowdfunding platforms assisted with funding campaigns that could support the upscaling （升级）of operation. In 2020, the organization was recognized by

26、the Governor of Uttar Pradesh, Anandiben Patel for its widespread efforts.What pushed Nilay to take action to remove hunger? A. His car accident.B. His childhood dream.C. The death of his friend.D. The potential of social organizations. 38. Why was the Vishalakshi Foundation founded?To raise funds f

27、or the poverty.To persuade people to support him.To remove the root of hunger.To remember his friend.Which of the following words can best describe Nilay?A. Generous and brave.B. Reliable and clever.C. Determined and caring.D. Ambitious and creative.What can be inferred about the organization from t

28、he last paragraph?A. It is officially operated.B. It really makes a difference.C. It needs further expansion.D. It is targeted at college students.（2022山东费县第二中学高一期末）Beijing （AP） Three Chinese astronauts returned to Earth on Saturday after six months aboard their countrys newest orbital station in th

29、e longest crewed mission to date fbr Chinas ambitious space program.The Shenzhou 13 space capsule landed in the Gobi desert in the norther region of Inner Mongolia, shown live on CCTV. During the mission, astronaut Wang Yaping carried out the first spacewalk by a Chinese woman. Wang and crew mates Z

30、hai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu beamed （发送）back physics lessons for high school students. China launched its first astronaut into space in 2003 and landed robot rovers on the moon in 2013 and on Mars last year. Officials have discussed a possible crewed mission to the moon.On Saturday, CCTV showed images

31、 from inside the capsule as it traveled at 200 meters per second over Africa before entering the atmosphere. The trio （三人组）were the second crew aboard Tiangong, or Heavenly Palace. Its core module, Tianhe, was launched in April 2021. Plans call for completing construction this year by adding two mor

32、e modules. Authorities have yet to announce a date for launching the next Tiangng crew.China Was the hid nation to launch an astronaut into space on its own after the former Soviet Union and the United States. Tiangong is Chinas third space station following predecessors （前身）launched in 2011 and 201

33、6. The government announced in 2020 that Chinas first reusable spacecraft had landed following a test flight.On Tuesday, President Xi visited the launch site in Wenchang on the southern island of Hainan from which the Tianhe module was fired into orbit. Persist in pursuing the frontiers of world aer

34、ospace development and the major strategic needs of national aerospace,President Xi told staff at the site, all of them in military uniform. 41. How long were the 3 astronauts aboard in Chinas orbital station?A. One year.B. Two years.C. One Month.D. Six months.Which of the following statements is TR

35、UE according to paragraph 2?A. The three astronauts gave lessons for high school students.B , Wang Yaping carried out the first spacewalk by a Chinese.C. Chinese officials has a date for a crewed mission to the moon.D. The space capsule landed in the Western region of Inner Mongolia.What can we infe

36、r from the third paragraph?Tiangong was launched in April 2021.The trio were the second crew to be in space.The Chinas first reusable spacecraft will be launched soon.The Chinese orbital station Tiangong hasnt been completely constructed.Which of the following countries hasnt launched astronaut into

37、 space?The former Soviet Union.B. The United Kingdom. C. China.D. America.（2022辽宁同泽高中高一期末）The question about the history of cacao（可可）has long interested researchers who wonder how and why it became so important to ancient Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Maya and Aztecs. Archaeological（考古学的）ev

38、idence once pointed to the first use of cacao in Mesoamerica about 3,900 years ago. Traditionally, archaeologists have assumed that Mesoamericans were the first not just to use cacao, but to grow it. Recently, researchers at the University of British Columbia have got a new finding that humans start

39、ed to grow cacao trees and consume cacao in South America around 5,300 years ago.In the hunt for the origins of human planted cacao , the researchers went to an ancient village in the highlands of southeastern Ecuador. Only a small area of the village was dicayed after such a long period, which stru

40、ck researchers as surprising. Consequently, they were able to find much evidence of the use of cacao at the Santa Ana-La Florida archaeological site.The researchers found extremely small pieces from the cacao tree in the remains of containers and other objects, as well as genetic material from the t

41、ree. They also identified a substance found in the cacao tree but not in its wild relatives. This suggests that humans grew the tree for food purposes, especially drinks. Michael Blake, an archaeology professor who helped lead the study, said, “The remains with cacao on them say how people used the

42、substance at the time. They clearly drank it.”There is no established history of ancient populations in South or Central America using cacao to make chocolate the way people do now, the researchers reported. The populations in the upper Amazon area today still use cacao to make special drinks. Evide

43、nce suggests cacao planting moved into Central America and Mexico about 4,000 years ago. As for cacaos going north to Central America and more areas, it was a long journey related to trade and many others/9 said Blake.45 . What did the new discovery find about cacao?A. It came into use much earlier

44、than thought before.It was planted in Central America at the beginning.Ancient populations used it as toadys people do.Mesoamerican civilizations were affected by it greatly.What does the underlined word “decayed“ in paragraph 2 mean?A. preservedB. exploredC. valuedD. destroyedHow did the researcher

45、s find out cacaos original use?By examining the storage method of cacao at the site.By collecting genetic material from cacao trees.By analyzing objects on which cacao was found.By comparing cacao trees with their wild relatives. 48. What might be talked about in the following paragraph? A. The chan

46、ge of cacaos use.B. The spread of cacao.C. The way of making chocolate.D. The trade in cacao.（2022江苏南京师大附中高一期末）Being multicultural has many benefits, including being able to find inspiration from different people and places around the world. Laalitya Acharya, 18, from Ohio, US, got the idea to devel

47、op a way to detect when water is contaminated （受污染的）after visiting her familys home in India.Acharya has always been involved in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics （STEM）, competing in many competitions around the world, including the 3M Young Scientist Challenge. Last year, she was e

48、ven honored with a Coca- Cola scholarship for her efforts.Her most influential project, however, is Nereid, the name given to her water contamination detection device. She made the device on her own with various parts and a 3D printer. It uses nanotechnology （纳米技术）to take microscopic （微小的）pictures o

49、f water, which are then examined to determine if contamination is present. To test her device, she created her own contaminated water samples and compared them to clean water samples. Acharya used a neural network （神经网络）,an AI that works in a similar way to the human brain and can detect patterns in

50、 data. The microbes 6山菌）that make water dirty have unique shapes and sizes, and the neural network can recognize and differentiate between the microbes. All of this is possible for less than $100!She hopes her device will make it easier and less costly to detect water that is not fit for consumption

51、. Acharya told Cincinnati Enquirer: Coming from a place of privilege in the United States, I didnt understand how big of an issue this is until I saw it first hand. We are able to turn on a tap and even drink water directly from there. But thats not the situation for people all across the world.”The

52、 Nereid project not only focuses on ways to resolve the water crisis, but also holds virtual workshops and educational summits for young people who want to learn more and be part of the solution. Acharya wants to break the stigma around STEM, saying :Science and scientific experimentation is not a l

53、inear （直线型的）process. It is a webbed pathway that takes you through many different routes before you get to the end. Science is fbr everyone and doesnt have to be seen as tough or scary.What can we learn about Acharya from the passage?She studies and lives in India.She has started several STEM compet

54、itions.C She received an award fbr her hard work.D. She once won the 3M Young Scientist Challenge.Which of the following is true about Nereid?It is sponsored by Coca-Cola.It helps clean the contaminated water.C , It was made by a team led by Acharya.D. It can take microscopic pictures of water.Nerei

55、d recognizes microbes that pollute water by using.A. a 3D printerB. a microscopeC. nanotechnologyD. a neural networkIn the last paragraph, which opinion does “the stigma around STEM“ refer to?Science is for talented young people.Science is too difficult for us to explore.Scientific research is extre

56、mely costly.Scientific experimentation is exhausting.（2022辽宁高一期末）Amazing Train JourneysThe Beijing to Lhasa Express, ChinaDeparts daily; Distance一2, 330 miles; Duration-40 hoursLinking the royal wonders of Beijing with the dreamlike palaces of Lhasa, the Z21 train travels from the modernity of urban

57、 China to a once-remote land. Running westward, the train climbs nearly 16,400 ft （5,000 m） on its journey to the roof of the world: the Tibetan Plateau.London to Fort William on the Caledonian Sleeper, UKDeparts daily; Distance509 miles; Duration13 hours 30 minutesThis overnight train journey is fi

58、lled with the romance of rail travel. It5s just a pity that the whole experience-from dining-car chatting and light beer, to being carried into a la-la land by the rhythm of the rails and waking to bedside views of towering peaksfeels like its over in a flash. Though it may be short, the Caledonian

59、is surely Britains best train ride.Tazara Railway, Tanzania and ZambiaDeparts twice a week; Distance-1,160 miles; Duration-46 hoursFew trains offer the chance of spotting big game from your seat, but the Tazara Railway does exactly that. For many, the highlight is neither the scenery nor the wildlif

60、e, though; its the chance to spend two days watching everyday life out of the window, and enjoying the crowds and chaos when the train pulls to a stop.Peruiails Lake Titicaca Railway, PeruDeparts twice a week; Distance-241 miles; Duration-10 hoursTraveling across the Altiplano, from the shores of La