《物流专业英语》Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编

1、物流专业英语教程电子教案Unit 6 Information technology in logistics信息技术在物流中物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编授课日期_年_月_日授课教师授课专业/班级_专业_班级讲授单元Unit 6单元讲授时长二学时讲授内容物流术语、课文、课堂练习物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编教学任务：掌握本单元的物流专业术语掌握本单元的核心概念熟悉本单元的常用物流英语表达法熟悉本单元的物流流程物流专业英语Unit-6

2、-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编第一部分 Section 1本单元核心术语Core terms 物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编 stockout 缺货 lead time 前置期 delivery notification 交货通知 traceability 可追溯性，可跟踪性物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编第二部分 Section 2本单元核心概念Core concepts 物

3、流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编What is EDI?什么是EDI?物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) refers to the structured transmission of data between organizations by electronic means.电子数据交换（EDI）是指企业间通过电子方式所进行的结构式传输。物流专业英语Unit-6-Inf

4、ormation-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编It is used to transfer electronic documents from one computer system to another, i.e. from one trading partner to another trading partner. It is more than mere E-mail; for instance, organizations might replace bills of lading and even checks with appropriate E

5、DI messages.它用来把电子文件从一个电脑系统传输到另一个电脑系统，即从一个交易伙伴传输到另一个交易伙伴。它可不仅仅是email, 譬如，企业可能使用适当的EDI信文来代替提单甚至支票。 物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编课堂教学之Step 1 单词领读由教师当堂领读生词纠正学生的发音领读完之后给学生留出5分钟的时间来温习单词。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编课堂教学之Step 2 重点内容掌握核心术语学习时间5分钟物流专业英语U

6、nit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编课堂教学之Step 3 难点学习理解并背诵核心概念学习时间5分钟物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编课堂教学之Step 4 课文学习理解课文的意思对难句进行语法和结构讲解学习时间30分钟物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编课文学习提示：教师在讲解课文时，除对课文进行翻译之外，还要顺带讲解一下难句的语法结构。物流专业英语Unit-6-Informat

7、ion-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编What is EDI? 什么是EDI？Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) refers to the structured transmission of data between organizations by electronic means. It is used to transfer electronic documents from one computer system to another, i.e. from one trading partner to another

8、trading partner. It is more than mere E-mail; for instance, organizations might replace bills of lading and even checks with appropriate EDI messages.电子数据交换（EDI）是指企业间通过电子方式所进行的结构式传输。它用来把电子文件从一个电脑系统传输到另一个电脑系统，即从一个交易伙伴传输到另一个交易伙伴。它可不仅仅是email, 譬如，企业可能使用适当的EDI信文来代替提单甚至支票。 物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technol

9、ogy-in-logistics-B-第三版新编目前，EDI可以应用于：交互式、查询答复式交易交易数据互换电子资金转账；和技术数据交换Currently EDI can be applied in:interactive, query-response transactions; trade data interchange; electronic funds transfer; and technical data interchange. 物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编The second category

10、is most pertinent to supply chain management as it covers transactions such as purchase orders, delivery notifications and invoices. Unfortunately within this category a number of different industries initially developed their own standards.第二个类别与供应链管理最有关系，因为它涉及到类似于订购单、交货通知以及发票之类的交易。不幸的是在这个类别内，若干不同的

11、行业最初开发了其自身的标准。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编Fortunately, the general trend is to standardize trade data interchange requirements. A common standard across all industry sectors is now a reality.幸运的是，总的趋势是让交易数据交换的要求标准化。现在跨越各行各业的通用标准成为现实。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-

12、logistics-B-第三版新编With all of these EDI links in place between suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, customers and the banks, a totally paperless supply chain is now possible. 随着在供应商、制造商、零售商、客户以及银行间的全部EDI连接的到位，一个完全无纸化的供应链现在已成为可能。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编This is the key s

13、trategic benefit of EDI as an enabler for closer supply chain relationships. EDI links organizations along the supply chain so they can work more closely together to their mutual benefit.这是EDI的关键战略性益处-作为强化供应链关系的一个促成因素。EDI沿着供应链将企业连接起来，以便企业能够根据共同受益的原则进行更紧密的协作。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-log

14、istics-B-第三版新编The other benefit of EDI consists of improved internal effectiveness and efficiency and the consequential reduction in administrative costs. The savings in time and resources from the use of EDI to automate administrative processes are large and immediate. (Figure 1 is a practical EDI

15、system.)EDI的其它益处包括提高内部效力和效率并随之降低管理成本。使用EDI来进行管理程序的自动化所带来的时间及资源的节约是巨大且立竿见影的。 （图1是一个实用EDI系统）物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编Figure 1: A practical EDI system物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编Use of EDI in the supply chainElectronic point of sale (EPOS) tech

16、nology is the capture of data on electronic files at the point where a sale takes place. EPOS data is sent via EDI to the retailers regional warehouses and to their headquarters. This triggers replenishment from the manufacturers stock to the retailers warehouse. Shorter lead times and lower stock l

17、evels result. 在供应链中使用EDI电子销售点（EPOS）技术是指在发生销售的地点采集电子文件上的数据。EPOS数据通过EDI被发送到零售商的地区仓库及其总部。这就引发了从生产厂家到零售仓库的补充，这样就产生了前置期的降低以及库存量的减少。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编EDI enables the supplier and the customer to view each others operations. This reduces the need to hold stocks just in

18、 case of stockouts. Information replaces stocks, which means that stock holding costs are minimized. EDI使得供应商和客户能够看到对方的运作，这就减少了持有库存来应对“万一”缺货的必要。信息取代了库存，这就意味着库存持有成本最小化。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编The identification of accurate and timely data leads to lower costs. Addition

19、ally better performance is possible because of greater speed and certainty of decision making. Improved and accurate information replaces guesswork. Guesswork represents delays, more costs, more inventory cover, and poor customer service. 这种准确而及时的信息识别导致了成本的降低。再者，因为速度的提高和决策的确定性，也就可能带来更好的绩效。得以改进的和准确的信

20、息取代了猜测。猜测意味着延迟、成本的增加、库存覆盖范围的扩大以及客户服务的降低。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编Where there is need to improve service and to reduce costs, the use of EDI represents a powerful approach to improving supply chain performance.在有必要提高服务以及降低成本的地方，EDI的应用代表着提高供应链绩效的一种强有力的方法。 物流专业英语Unit-6-In

21、formation-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编Hardware 硬件There are two main trends in computer hardware which have had, and will continue to have, a significant impact on the use of IT in logistics.计算机硬件方面有两个主要趋势已经并将继续对IT应用于物流方面产生重大的影响。 物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编One of the k

22、ey underlying trends in computer hardware technology may be summed up in three words: smaller, faster and cheaper. The reductions in computer memory and processor size over the last 25 years have been dramatic. These dramatic improvements in hardware performance have been matched by equally dramatic

23、 reductions in hardware costs.计算机硬件技术的一个关键的根本趋势可以用三个词来总结：更小、更快、更廉价。在过去的25年来计算机内存及处理器尺寸的减少是巨大的。硬件性能戏剧性的提高也伴之以硬件上同样具有戏剧性的成本降低。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编One of the key benefits of these hardware trends is that computing power can now be implemented in parts of the supply c

24、hain that previously were never considered, either because of cost constraints, or space constraints, or both; the use of hand-held barcode scanners is a good example. 这些硬件趋势的关键益处之一是计算能力现在可以在供应链的一些部分中得以实施，这在以前是难以想像的，其原因要么是出于成本限制，要么是出于空间限制，要么是二者皆有。手持式条型码扫读器就是一个好例子。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-

25、in-logistics-B-第三版新编These have contributed to the growth in the use of labeling and automatic identification of products and locations. This is a fundamental enabler for the success of logistics information systems as requirements for greater traceability improved means of identification.这些技术推动了贴标签以

26、及产品及地点的自动识别技术运用的增长。这成了物流信息系统成功的一个基本的促成因素，因为提高可跟踪性的要求改进了识别方法。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编The second trend is the growth in open systems. 第二个趋势是开放式系统的增长。As advancing technology creates new computer network capabilities, it is vital that organizations have the flexibility to

27、 transform those capabilities into competitive advantage.因为先进的技术具有创建新计算机网络的能力，企业就需要具有把这些能力转换成竞争性优势的灵活性，这一点是至关重要的。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编Communications technology 通信技术The final theme concerns some recent advances in communications technology.最后的主题涉及到通信技术方面的最近进步。物流专业英语

28、Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编Secure and resilient communications networks are a prerequisite for implementing EDI and achieving supply chain integration. 安全并且具有弹性的通信网络是实施EDI以及取得供应链一体化的先决条件。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编There is much that could be said a

29、bout the growth in value added network providers and the services that they have to offer. Let us concentrate on one of the fastest growing communications technology i.e. mobile communications.对于增值网络提供商的增长以及他们所提供的服务还有很多可以谈到。让我们把重心放在其中增长最快的一项通信技术上，即移动通信。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistic

30、s-B-第三版新编One way to begin to differentiate between the services on offer is to determine whether you require both voice and data communications. Many mobile communications needs do not necessarily require voice communications. Currently in logistics the prime users of mobile communications technolog

31、y are third party logistics service providers.开始区分所提供服务的一种途径是确定您是否既需要语音通信和又需要数据通信。许多移动通信需要并不一定要求语音通信。在当前的物流业，移动通信技术的主要用户是第三方物流提供商。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编Using voice communications networks it may take approximately 30 seconds to relay a simple message about vehicle l

32、ocation or delivery status. In addition, verbal information requires an operator at the other end to process the details, and verbal information is often ambiguous and open to interpretation. 使用语音网络时，大约需要30秒钟的时间来接续传播有关车辆位置或交货状况的简单信息。此外，口头信息要求对方的话务员进行详细的处理，而且口头信息经常是含糊不清且会有不同的解释。物流专业英语Unit-6-Informati

33、on-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编Using packet switched mobile data, the same information can be relayed in a few tenths of a second. What is more, the information can be entered automatically and accurately into management information systems, thus obviating the need for an operator at the end of t

34、he line.使用分组交换移动数据，同样的信息可以在十分之几秒内进行接续传播。再者，该信息可以自动且准确地输入管理信息系统，因而就无需在线路的末端安排话务员了。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编以上内容为第一学时内所应完成的内容物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编课堂教学之Step 5 阅读材料提示：这部分内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logi

35、stics-B-第三版新编ICT for disaster recovery planningICT灾难恢复规划物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编Clearly ICT provides productivity and efficiency gains. However, industry experts in the USA calculate that commonplace computer problems cause extra costs of up to 100 billion US dollars

36、annually. Such problems can also include the loss of data and information. ICT明显可以带来生产力和效率两方面的收益，然而，美国的业内人士估计普通的计算机问题却引起了每年多达1000亿美元的额外成本，此类问题也包括数据和信息的丢失。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编Furthermore, as global competition and e-commerce increases, this results in more complex

37、and interconnected ICT systems. Here, even a minor hiccup can cause a disruptive domino effect far away from the source. For example, in early January 2001, the whole of Microsoft Hotmail Internet system collapsed for a period of time as someone administrating the system hit a wrong button.再者，随着全球竞争

38、和电子商务的增加，将会带来更加复杂的和相互关联的ICT问题。在此，即使一个很不起眼的“打嗝”也能引起远离其源头的具有破坏性的多米诺效应。譬如，在2001年元月初，因为管理系统的一个人击错了键，整个微软Hotmail因特网系统就瘫痪了一段时间。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编Most business is now very reliant on computers and electronic systems. Being aware that “if it can go wrong, it will” ensur

39、es that adequate back up is available and back up systems and processes are maintained on an ongoing basis. Additionally plans should be in place to deal with a total loss or failure of the systems operation. 多数公司现在都非常信赖于电脑和电子系统，要意识到 “如果它会出问题，它就一定会”，因此要确保具有适当的备份，并且备份系统和程序要维持在同时进行的基础上。另外，还应当做好应对完全丢失和

40、系统运营失灵的计划。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编This might involved the use of alternative systems in other divisions of a company, or even involve the temporary return to manual systems. Contingency planning will need to cover the worst case scenario of a total loss of ICT.这就可能会涉及

41、到在公司的其它部门使用替代性系统，甚至会涉及到暂时地回归手工操作系统。不可预见性规划将需要考虑到ICT完全丢失的最糟糕的情况。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编课堂教学之Step 6 课堂练习提示：这部分内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编 1. Answer the following questions in English: 物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-techno

42、logy-in-logistics-B-第三版新编1. What is EDI?Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) refers to the structured transmission of data between organizations by electronic means. It is used to transfer electronic documents from one computer system to another, i.e. from one trading partner to another trading partner

43、.物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编2. What are the areas in which EDI can be applied?Currently EDI can be applied in:interactive, query-response transactions; trade data interchange; electronic funds transfer; and technical data interchange. 物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-

44、in-logistics-B-第三版新编3. What are the major benefits of EDI?With all of these EDI links in place between suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, customers and the banks, a totally paperless supply chain is now possible. This is the key strategic benefit of EDI as an enabler for closer supply chain relati

45、onships. EDI links organizations along the supply chain so they can work more closely together to their mutual benefit.The other benefit of EDI consists of improved internal effectiveness and efficiency and the consequential reduction in administrative costs. The savings in time and resources from t

46、he use of EDI to automate administrative processes are large and immediate. (Figure 1 is a practical EDI system.)物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编4. What is EPOS?Electronic point of sale (EPOS) technology is the capture of data on electronic files at the point where a sale tak

47、es place. EPOS data is sent via EDI to the retailers regional warehouses and to their headquarters.物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编 2. Put the following words or phrases into Chinese:物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编transfer electronic documents trading

48、 partner bill of lading check query-response transaction electronic funds transfer technical data interchange purchase order delivery notification invoice a paperless supply chain effectiveness and efficiency 传输电子文件交易伙伴提单，提货单支票询问答复式交易电子资金转账技术数据交换订购单交货通知单发票无纸传输信息的供应链，无纸化供应链效力与效率物流专业英语Unit-6-Information-technology-in-logistics-B-第三版新编13. administrative cost 14. savings in time and resources 15. automate administrative processes 16. electronic point of sale (EPOS) technology 17. capture of