前照灯近光明暗截止线质量评判

1、INA前照灯近光明暗載止线质量评判初卩发苔昊锡哄饶丈碧王咏弑(湖勻匕气车灯具厂)1引言汽车前照灯和摩托车前照灯的近光光型规定在明区和日音区之间有一-相对清晰的止线汽车前照灯近光明暗裁止线套求如一条水平线.而在V-V线右边，截止线则是一条倾余斗度为15度的斜线；摩托车前照灯明暗截止线要求在水平右向H-H线上是一条平直的直线，如图1(b)所示1(a)所示.在V-V线左边，裁止线看起来是H截止线(b)摩托车前照灯配光图汽车和摩托车灯具i殳计制造中难度最大的是前照灯.因为它是车辆夜间行驶照明日寸王要的安全照明灯具，对冥光形以及光強分布有严格的规定但是目前由于测量手段和右法等方面的原因寸近光明暗裁止线的

2、质量这个最主娶的考察项目，在目前有关KCK(欧洲标准)和GB(中国标准)汽车和摩扌毛车灯具标准中均末对冥前照灯近光明日音截止线清晰度进行质星评判定义目前国家车灯商检中心和筈生产厂家只能用极冥模糊的I吾言来描述截止线为：清晰较清晰和不清晰；平直、较平直和不平直等，都没有进行定星描述，有些单位甚至没有该项目的评判j参考国内外有关对明日音截止线实验报告也均末在质量评判方面进行讨论.通过大量实践计算和分桁有如下结论(1)目初1艮寸；隹后9明区和日甘区在垂向_t存在光強对比度最大位置，旦该位青为明暗截止线的实际位置，它的清晰度与对比度成71=l-PPz+l-PF&4：irBT-去Ei二圭口妬三=V/.二

3、圭口tf；度=艮寸比度。根扌居Poynteret“1对光弓虽对比度定义如下二A=(W2-Wi)/Wi.冥中在垂直右向上光弓虽W1ttWz位旨高O.L度，一舟殳地光弓虽代2比光弓虽Wi大(2)截止线上最大对比度位置之间的标准偏差值的大力、与裁止线的平直程度存在如下关系,标准僱差值越大裁止线平直程度越差,定衣：裁止线的平直程度=1-标准偏2实验及结果讨论分别选取汽车前照灯近光明暗裁止线认为是清晰、较清晰、不清晰的三只灯，并命名为5按下列步骤进行实验和讨论照准，即将前照灯近光明日音裁止线目视对准以H-V点(HH线与V-V线的交点见图1(a)水平向左等距取10点,KQl七=匚！_!、$七尸1PS1彳百

4、4八UF&F=-TtlTA. 千国除明电詣1997存弟月 #千国除明电詣1997存弟月点对应垂直线上上下取0.5度均匀采集11点.共采集IX1O个点按上述实验步骤分别对EX61进行实验，测得照度值对应如表L表2表3所zjxo #千国除明电詣1997存弟月 #千国除明电詣1997存弟月 #千国除明电詣1997存弟月 #千国除明电詣1997存弟月表1測D1的照度值单位：lx5-O.-4.5度一4.O度一3-5度3.-2.5度一2.O度一1-5度-LO度一a5度+O.5屈O.2980a3130a3290Q34900.36600366003570O3500(13560a36DO+O.4度O.3780a

5、3980a4100Q42800.4310042400.4140O4090(14220a4340+O.3度O4730a4830a4880Q50600.518()051100.5070O5060a51ooa5300+O.2度O.6260a6410a6300Q66000.66900.649006590Q6680O.6840O7050+O.1度O.8460a8890a9020Q89900.8650095500.9340O9820k0360K0380+o.O度1.69001.7800I.8800192002.()00()197001.9800206002240021900-O.1度3.76003.830

6、0402004.08004.22004.21004.39004.46004.910050900一O.2度6.94007.24007.29007.32007.330()7.53007.6500&0500&5600&6900O.3&78008.9900909009.18009.3800952009.90001(1320IQ7701L260一O.4度98200ia050iaoooIQ3001().60010.80011.2001K6001230012800O.5IO.300ia4ooia5ooIQ80011.20011.30011.900123001280013.500表2測D2的照度值单位：lx5

7、-O.-4.5度一4.O度一3-5度3.-2.5度一2.O度一1-5度-LO度-a5度+O.5屈O.5510a5820a6280Q66800.69500722007520O7690(17780a7890+O.4度O.6190a6530a7030Q74700.77500.80700.8490O8740a8930a890+O.3度O7320a7600a8080Q86100.9030095001.0070L0570k0850K0650+O.2度O.9080a9390a9850105701.0400114001.21()0L2500k2600K2300+O.1度1.13001.17001.220013

8、2001.4700164001.7200L7500k7400K6800+O.0度1.77001.82001.88002.06002.32002.57002.6800267002640024800-O.1度3.1OOO3.11OO3.25003.57003.97004.3500434004.11003.860035300一O.2度4.86005.10005.41005.93006.510()68500649005.83005.22004.6600O.36.4500&75007.16007.7600&360086300&10007.2500&47005.7900一O.4度7.34007,7100&

9、1200&72009.300()94700&84007.960071900&5300O.5779008.1500&53009.12009.710()990009.3200&45007690070300 #冃衣H兀廿月廿首載丄匚第厉至件尹 表3測D3的照度值单位：lx5-O.-4.5度一4.O度一3-5度3.-2.5度一2.O度一1-5度-LO度一a5度+O.5屈O.6560a6910a7050Q72700.75200799008610O9370(19960K0300+O.4度O.7540a7840a8020Q82600.85800.91500.9940L0810k1780K2420+O.3度O

10、.8590a8940a9200Q95300.9970105001.1500L2700k4000K4900+O.2度O.99701.03301.0650L11001.1690126401.3960L5370k7230K8650+O.1度1.15001.2000L2500131001.3900154001.71()0L910021500234DO+o.O度1.36001.4200L4800L56001.67001860020900235002690029400-O.1度1.63001.7000I.7800188002030()2.290025700296003-390037300一O.2度1.93

11、002.OIOOZIOOO2.2100240002.7000308003.5400*1300*5000O.32.23002.3300Z43002.57002800()3.1500361004.1900*81005.2100一O.4度2.54002.6400Z76002.92003.16003.53004()6004.66005.26005.7300O.52.8200296003.0900327003.5600398004.60005.210057200&0400 #冃衣H兀廿月廿首載丄匚第厉至件尹 # #冃衣H兀廿月廿首載丄匚第厉至件尹 #从上述测彳式结果可直观的看岀.三只灯5LM1又寸比除水

12、平裁止线上即x=O度时对应照度值相差较小，冥余对应部位按清晰度的強弱川页序从大到小变彳匕下面根据夂寸比度关系式二Aij=(WijWi-Uj)/Wi-Uj(其中i，j为1,2.3-IO),分别对表L皂2表3进行对比度数据计算得下表，具中&为同一水平右向上的平均对比度，即：飞=5.血 #冃衣H兀廿月廿首載丄匚第厉至件尹 # 冃衣H兀廿月廿首載丄匚第厉至件尹 #(3)又寸LXLH5裁止线位置的讨论度的曲线并进行拟台.如2戶斤云作表4表5表6垂直右向上平均对比2说明有如下情;兄,前照灯明日音裁止表4D1对比度5-O-4.5-40-3.5-30一25-20一15-kO-05+050.2丘85O.2716

13、O.24620.22640.17760.15850.15970.16X6(11854O2056a22*0+040.2513O.2136O.19020.18220.20190.20520.22460.2372(12085O2212a2427+030.3235O.3271O.29100.30430.29150.27010.29980.3202a3412O3302a3393+020.3514O.3869O.43170.36210.44250.47150.41730.4701a5146O4723a4900+010.99761.00221.0843113571.07251.06281.11991.097

14、8L1622L1098L1903O.0122491.15171.13831.12501.1100113711.21721.1650L1920L32421.3082-010.8457O.8903O.81340.79410.73700.78860.74260.8049(17434O7073(18632一020.2丘51O.2417O.24690.25410.27970.26430.29410.2820(12582O2957a2979一030.1185O.1179O.1OO1Q12200.13010.13450.13130.1240ai42iO1368a1394一040.()489O.0348O.0

15、5000.04850.05660.04630.06250.0603a0407O0547Q0555表5D2对比度5.0-4.5-40-3.5-30一25-20一15-kO-05+050.1234O.1220O.11940.11830.11510.11770.12900.1365(11478O1318a1361+040.1826O.1639O.41940.15260.16520.17720.18610.2094(12150O1926a1794+030.2404O.2355O.21910.22760.15170.20000.20160.1826(11613O1549(1II75+020.2445O.

16、2460O.23860.24880.41350.43860.42150.4000(13810O3659(13398+010.5664O.5556O.54100.56060.57820.5671055810.5257(15172O4762a5446O.00.7514O.7088O.72870.73300.71120.69260.61940.5393(14621O4194a6366-010.5677O.6399O.66460.66110.63980.57470.49540.4185(13523O3239a5338一020.3272O.3235O32350.30860.28420.25990.248

17、10.2436(12395O2425a2801一030.1380O.1422O.13410.12370.11240.09730.09140.0979(11113O1261a1174一0.40.()60O.0571O.05050.04590.04410.04540.()5430.0616(10695O0782a0568表6D3对比度-5-0-4.5-4.O-3.5-3.0一2.5一2.0一1.5-LO-O.5V+050.1494O.1346O.13760.13620.14100.14520.15450.1537(11827O2176a1553+040.1393O.1403O.14710.1538

18、0.16200.14750.15690.1748(11885O1997ai6io+030.1607O.1555O.15760.16470.17250.20380.21390.2102a2307O2517a1921+020.1535O.1617O.17370.18020.18910.21840.22490.2427(124-78O2547a2047+010.1826O.1833O.18400.19080.20140.20780.22220.2304a2512O2564a2iioO00.1985O.1972O.20270.20510.21560.23120.22970.2596a2602O2653

19、a2265-010.1840O.1824O.17980.17550.18230.17900.19840.1959a2183O2097a1905一020.1554O.1592O.15710.16290.16670.16670.17210.1836a1646O1578a1Z6一030.1390O.1330O.13580.13620.12860.12060.12470.1122a0936O0979a1222一0.40.1102O.;1212O.11960.11990.12660.12750.13300.11X0a0875O0559a1119线附近一定区域垂线方向上对比度变化有一 #冃衣H兀廿月廿首載

20、丄匚第厉至件尹 # #冃衣H兀廿月廿首載丄匚第厉至件尹 定规律性居卩距裁止线越远对比度越小并在所测范围内的5寸比度仅有一个波山筆，即只有一个极值，迄个极值的位置事实上是裁止线的实际位置，裁止线上对比度最大，三只灯5LM1截止线的最大平均对比度Am与清晰度的关系于表7所示-0.4p0.5y皮图21102D3在V-V方向平均对比度这个位置正好写目视对准位置基本一致吟因此观察结果与计算结果一致，多次测量同样一只灯得到同样上述结果匸 冃衣H兀廿月廿首載丄匚第厉至件尹 #D1D203截止线清晰度清晰较清晰不清晰最大平均对比度Am1.3082O.65660.2265最大平均对比度在垂直方向上的位鱼aoO.00.0表7最大平均对比度清晰度位宣之间的关系由上图2和表7可直观得岀如下纟吉果，6366Q2265裁止线清晰度与最大平均对比度有一定关系,即裁至线;青晰程与最大平均对比度之间存在正比关系，假坦清晰度为贝IJ0=XAm,冥中r是正比例因子令r=1则有R=Am因止匕r可用实际测量计算得到的平均最大对比度Am的値来定量描述截止线的清晰度-贝UDk66裁止线清晰度|3r|3|33分别为1.3082O.(4)5?寸DlDz5裁止线水平程度的讨论。由456rT得至LlkLKL3各垂线右向上最大对比度的实际位置对应如8表所示井分别计算其标准偏差法由表8数扌居用ld#、3(a3(b