Chapter 11 – 12

1、Chapter 11 12 The Translation of Words (II-III) Sybilzeng1I. Conversion No correspondence of part of speech between the two languages is necessary in translation. P 81English - Use a large amount of nouns and preposition Chinese - Use various verbs 1. Conversing the nouns in English into verbs in Ch

2、inese A study of that letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it.A successful ban of the use of nuclear weapons must be preceded by the destruction of nuclear weapons. 2看完那封信后，我们对其背后的动机了如指掌。 只有销毁后才能成功地禁止使用核武器。(连动) 2. Conversing the verbs in Chinese into prepositions and nouns. 1)他出门不在。

3、 2) 这次十三届八中全会(The Eighth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee )开得好。3 He is out. The Eighth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee was a complete success. 3. Conversing the adjectives, prepositions, adverbs, nouns and particles in English. 3) Rationing by points is over an

4、d rationing by the purse is in. 积分换取活动结束，现在只能用现金换取。4) The return ticket is available for a week.5) As a Beijing Opera actor, he is a great success.6) The landscape is a perfect dream.7) They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally. 4可以买到一周内的回程票。他是一位非常成功的京剧演员。这风景完全是每个人做梦都想去的

5、地方。理论上，他们做得不是很好，但是在组织上，做得不错。4. Conversing the verbs in Chinese8) 该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。9) 我们决不满足于现有的成就。10) 现在已给该城市的科学家们提供了必要的图书、仪器和助手，以保证科研工作的顺利进行。5The products from the factory mainly feature with exquisite processing and long durability. We will never be satisfied with what we have achieved.Scientis

6、ts in that city have been provided with necessary books, equipment and assistants for the successful research. 6II. Amplification & Omission Words supplied or omitted for syntactic construction （sight interpreting）P85 1) You cannot build a ship, a bridge or a house if you dont know how to make a des

7、ign or how to read it. 2) The products should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory. 3) Unemployment in that country is very serious.4) In the United States I teach American students about China, and in China this year I have been teaching Chinese about America.5) Without a

8、 sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected.6) It would be a shame to stop the work halfway. 7) After the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he went home tiredly. 7不会制图或看不懂图纸，就不可能造船、架桥或盖房子。产品出厂前应该进行抽样检查。在那个国家失业现象很严重。在美国我给美国学生讲授关于中国的情况；今年我在中国讲授有关美国的情况。如果对自

9、己的错误都认识不清，又怎能悔恨和改正呢？如果半途而废，那太遗憾了。在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看兵乓球表演之后，他疲倦地回到了家里。 8英译中总结规律： 减指示代词，介词；增减动词；删减多余赘词（英语表达需要）；增减结构词（中文表达所需）；增减连词。 98) 这屋子冬暖夏凉。9) 他们认为为国为民工作是他们的义务。10) 错误和挫折教训了我们，使我们比较地聪明起来了，我们的事情就办得比较好一些。 10This house is warm in winter and cool in summer.They regarded it as their duty to work for the coun

10、try and its people.Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and, as a result, we are able to handle our affairs better.中译英总结： 扩展中文四字用语，增加分词和连词。 112. Words supplied or omitted for semantic completion1) University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who

11、had not.2) There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, and the grass was dead.3) To learn is not an easy matter and to apply what one has learned is even harder.4) The article summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets. 5) This teacher

12、is upright and always cheerful. 6) In autumn the hill looks beautiful.7) The crowd melted away. 12报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取天未下雪，叶落草枯。学习不容易，使用更加不容易。本文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭这三方面的新成就。这位教师品格正直，性格开朗。秋天山景很美丽。人群渐渐散去。8) 苏格拉底70岁时还拜师学舞，而我们大多数人这把年纪便去钻研就木之术了。9) 小别胜新婚。/ 三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。10) 要提倡顾全大局.11) 我不爱喝饮料。12) 交出翻译之前，必须看几遍，看看

13、有没有需要修改的地方，这样才能把工作做得更好。 13Socrates began taking dancing lessons at seventy; most of us just take dying lessons.Reunion after short separation is better than a wedding night./ Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.We should advocate to take the whole situation into

14、 consideration.I dont like soft drinks.Before handing in your translation, you had to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected and improved. Only thus can you do your work well. 14III. Repetition Repetition is employed for the sake of clearness, emphasis and viv

15、idness.1) Practically every river has an upper, a middle and a lower part.2) It is important that all states should participate on the basis of full equality in the consideration of the whole range of disarmament (裁军) problems, relating to both nuclear and conventional weapons.3) Only a very slight

16、and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him. 欢迎他的只有几下轻轻的、零零落落的，冷冷谈谈的掌声。4) Prominent among the most prominent upon the most prominent shelf were series of splendidly bound volumes entitled Skinners Works. 那个最显著的书架上，最显著的书籍中，最显著的是装订得很精致的丛书，名叫斯金纳集。 15事实上每条河都有上游，中游和下游。重要的是，一切国家都

17、应在完全平等的基础上，参加全部裁军问题的审议，不论涉及的是核武器问题，还是常规武器问题。5) 我们首先需要的，是学习、学习、再学习。6) 善有善报，恶有恶报。7) 她为人老老实实、勤勤恳恳。8) 人们并不是因为做好了自己应做的工作就得到提升；他们得到提升是因为自己以一种积极主动的态度来工作。 16What we want, first and foremost, is to learn, learn and learn.Goodness will meet with good recompense and evil with evil recompense.She was honest and

18、 modest, diligent and earnest.People get promotions not because they have done well, but because they take an initiative. 17VI. Reversion 9) There was a complete absence of information on the oil deposit in that area. (possessive degree)10) All international disputes must be settled through negotiat

19、ions and the avoidance of any armed conflicts. (passive voice)11) The dishonesty of the city officials was exposed by the newspaper.12) It was inconsiderate of him to mention the matter in her hearing. (preposition phrase)13) Few Americans dissented from his analyses of the potential Russian danger.

20、 18关于该地区的石油储存情况，人们毫无所知。一切国际争端应通过谈判而不是武装冲突来解决。市政官员们的欺诈行为被报纸披露。他实在轻率，竟在她听觉所及之处谈论此事。美国人几乎没有不同意他对俄罗斯潜在威胁的分析。 1915) 他不慌不忙地从信封里抽出信纸打开来。16) 我头两年写了三本书，打破了以往的记录。17) 这尊雕像历经大地震后毫发未损，仍然矗立。 20Slowly he pulled the letter out of the envelope, and unfolded it.I wrote three books in the first two years, a record tha

21、t I never reached before.The statue was still standing there intact after the great earthquake. 21Exercise Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera, and other

22、 expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also t

23、o draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our effor

24、ts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another. Requirement for the team work: what methods have you introduced in the translation of words? 22聆听歌剧，无疑昂贵至极。但是，昂贵的事物并

25、非必定属于富人的范畴，除非我们放弃社会的选择权。我们可以选择去使歌剧以及其他某些昂贵的文化形式也能为那些不具备个人支付能力的人所享受。但问题是，我们有必要这么做吗？没人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育的不可或缺性。但即便是在史前时代的洞穴中,人类伸出手来，早就不单纯是为了吃、喝或搏杀，而且亦进行绘画创作。人类对于文化的冲动，通过形象思维和再现手段来表现并探索世界的欲望，乃亘古有之。在欧洲，这一欲望在我们的音乐、艺术、文学和戏剧杰作中寻找到了其实现形式。这些杰作构成了我们全部努力的试金石。作为试金石，它们能衡量出人类的思想和想象力所可能企及的程度。它们携带着最寓意深刻的主题,可在人类彼此间相互传递。 23ExerciseThe willingness to stay in t